尝试实施Microfacet BRDF，但我的结果图像错误

我正在尝试实现微面BRDF模型。我正在读塞巴斯蒂安·拉加德的幻灯片。我在代码中实现了公式，但是我认为结果图像是错误的。

黄色是材料的底色。镜面反射颜色为红色才能正确看到。

我的代码：

// Fragment Shader
#version 330 core

in vec3 Position;
in vec2 TexCoord0;
in vec3 Normal;
in vec3 Tangent;
out vec4 FinalColor;

uniform vec3 uCameraPosition; // init value: vec3(0, 0, 5)

#define PI 3.1415926f
#define EPSILON 10e-5f
#define saturate(value) clamp(value, 0.0f, 1.0f);

float BRDF_Lambert(float NdotL)
{
    return NdotL;
}

// Got these BRDF formulas Moving Frostbite to PBR slide by Sebastien Lagarde & Charles de Rousiers 
// http://www.frostbite.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/11/course_notes_moving_frostbite_to_pbr_v2.pdf
float BRDF_D_GGX(float NdotH, float Roughness)
{
    float Roughness2 = Roughness * Roughness;
    float f = (NdotH * Roughness2 - NdotH) * NdotH + 1.0f;
    return Roughness2 / (f * f + EPSILON);
}


float BRDF_F_FresnelSchlick(float LdotH, float F0)
{
    float f = F0 + (1.0f - F0) * pow((1.0f - LdotH), 5);
    return f;
}

float BRDF_G_SmithGGXCorrelated(float NdotL, float NdotV, float Roughness)
{
    float Roughness2 = Roughness * Roughness;
    float GV = NdotL * sqrt((-NdotV * Roughness2 + NdotV) * NdotV + Roughness2);
    float GL = NdotV * sqrt((-NdotL * Roughness2 + NdotL) * NdotL + Roughness2);

    return 0.5f / (GV + GL + EPSILON);
}

float BRDF_Specular(float NdotV, float NdotL, float NdotH, float LdotH, float Roughness, float F0)
{
    float D = BRDF_D_GGX(NdotH, Roughness);
    float F = BRDF_F_FresnelSchlick(LdotH, F0);
    float G = BRDF_G_SmithGGXCorrelated(NdotL, NdotV, Roughness);
    return (D * F * G) / PI;
}

void main()
{
    FinalColor = vec4(1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f);
    vec4 BaseColor = vec4(1.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f);
    vec4 SpecularColor = vec4(1.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f);
    vec3 LightDirection = normalize(vec3(0, 4, 4));
    vec3 ViewDirection = normalize(Position - uCameraPosition);
    vec3 HalfVector = normalize(ViewDirection + LightDirection);
    float Roughness = 0.9f; // [0.04 - 0.1f] -> Dielectric, [0.7, 1.0f] -> Metallic

    float RefractiveIndex = 0.27049f; // RI for Gold materials. I got this from http://refractiveindex.info/
    float F0 = pow(((1.0f - RefractiveIndex) / (1.0f + RefractiveIndex)), 2);

    float NdotL = saturate(dot(LightDirection, Normal));
    float NdotV = abs(dot(ViewDirection, Normal)) + EPSILON; // Avoid artifact - Ref: SIGGRAPH14 - Moving Frosbite to PBR
    float LdotH = saturate(dot(LightDirection, HalfVector));
    float NdotH = saturate(dot(Normal, HalfVector));

    float DiffuseFactor = BRDF_Lambert(NdotL);
    float SpecularFactor = BRDF_Specular(NdotV, NdotL, NdotH, LdotH, Roughness, F0);

    FinalColor = BaseColor * DiffuseFactor + SpecularColor * SpecularFactor;
}

编辑

粗糙度= 0.2f;

粗糙度= 0.04f;

— hmkum
source

我没有对代码进行过多的研究，但是图像似乎还不错。菲涅耳效果显示为红色环。由于粗糙度如此之高（0.9），因此图像的其余部分大部分为黄色（即大部分为漫射）是有意义的。如果降低粗糙度，则可能会得到红色的镜面反射高光

— RichieSams，2015年

@RichieSams我为不同的粗糙度值添加了新图像，但还看不到红色闪亮的镜面高光。

— hmkum

通常，您的第二张和第三张图像的红色（在黄色扩散区域中）确实比原始图像少。这不是很明显，因为在黄色区域中添加一点红色会使其具有相似的颜色（橙黄色而不是黄色）。如果您显着减少黄色，会看到红色分布的更多细节吗？完全省略黄色可能有助于识别出问题所在。

— trichoplax

@trichoplax我减少了黄色，但是再也看不到红色的镜面反射。我只看到红色环（菲涅耳）效果。我为粗糙度设置的值无关紧要，我看不到聚焦点的镜面效果。

— hmkum

首先对法线向量进行归一化，然后再使用它，然后viewDirection是从位置到相机的传出向量：uCameraPosition-位置。

— xpicox

由RichieSams，trichoplax和xpicox解决的问题。谢谢大家的回答。

我降低了粗糙度，更改了材质的颜色并反转了ViewDirection，然后终于开始看到合适的镜面反射了:)。

固定代码：

#version 330 core

in vec3 Position;
in vec2 TexCoord0;
in vec3 Normal;
in vec3 Tangent;
out vec4 FinalColor;

uniform vec3 uCameraPosition;

#define PI 3.1415926f
#define EPSILON 10e-5f
#define saturate(value) clamp(value, 0.0f, 1.0f);

float BRDF_Lambert(float NdotL)
{
    return NdotL;
}

// Got these BRDF formulas Moving Frostbite to PBR slide by Sebastien Lagarde & Charles de Rousiers 
// http://www.frostbite.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/11/course_notes_moving_frostbite_to_pbr_v2.pdf
float BRDF_D_GGX(float NdotH, float Roughness)
{
    float Roughness2 = Roughness * Roughness;
    float f = (NdotH * Roughness2 - NdotH) * NdotH + 1.0f;
    return Roughness2 / (f * f + EPSILON);
}


float BRDF_F_FresnelSchlick(float LdotH, float F0)
{
    float f = F0 + (1.0f - F0) * pow((1.0f - LdotH), 5);
    return f;
}

float BRDF_G_SmithGGXCorrelated(float NdotL, float NdotV, float Roughness)
{
    float Roughness2 = Roughness * Roughness;
    float GV = NdotL * sqrt((-NdotV * Roughness2 + NdotV) * NdotV + Roughness2);
    float GL = NdotV * sqrt((-NdotL * Roughness2 + NdotL) * NdotL + Roughness2);

    return 0.5f / (GV + GL + EPSILON);
}

float BRDF_Specular(float NdotV, float NdotL, float NdotH, float LdotH, float Roughness, float F0)
{
    float D = BRDF_D_GGX(NdotH, Roughness);
    float F = BRDF_F_FresnelSchlick(LdotH, F0);
    float G = BRDF_G_SmithGGXCorrelated(NdotL, NdotV, Roughness);
    return (D * F * G) / PI;
}

void main()
{
    vec3 normal = normalize(Normal);

    vec4 BaseColor = vec4(1.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f);
    vec4 SpecularColor = vec4(1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f);

    vec3 LightDirection = normalize(vec3(0, 4, 4) - Position);
    vec3 ViewDirection = normalize(uCameraPosition - Position);
    vec3 HalfVector = normalize(ViewDirection + LightDirection);
    float Roughness = 0.04f;

    float RefractiveIndex = 0.24f; // RI for Gold materials. I got this from http://refractiveindex.info/
    float F0 = pow(((1.0f - RefractiveIndex) / (1.0f + RefractiveIndex)), 2);

    float NdotL = saturate(dot(LightDirection, normal));
    float NdotV = abs(dot(ViewDirection, normal)) + EPSILON; // Avoid artifact - Ref: SIGGRAPH14 - Moving Frosbite to PBR
    float LdotH = saturate(dot(LightDirection, HalfVector));
    float NdotH = saturate(dot(normal, HalfVector));

    float DiffuseFactor = BRDF_Lambert(NdotL);
    float SpecularFactor = 0.0f;
    if(DiffuseFactor > 0.0f)
    {
        SpecularFactor = BRDF_Specular(NdotV, NdotL, NdotH, LdotH, Roughness, F0);
    }
    FinalColor = BaseColor * DiffuseFactor + SpecularColor * SpecularFactor;
}

最终图片：

— hmkum
source