使用* tables *作为表值参数（TVP）

MS SQL 2008支持TVP：一项有用的功能，用于将数据批量上传到存储的过程中进行处理。

除了创建用户定义的类型外，还可以利用现有的表定义吗？例如，是否可以创建具有以下签名的存储过程？

CREATE PROCEDURE usp_InsertProductionLocation
@TVP **LocationTable** READONLY

该文档似乎表明这是不可能的。

样本代码

/*
Sample code from:
http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/bb510489.aspx
*/

USE AdventureWorks2008R2;
GO

/* Create a table type. */
CREATE TYPE LocationTableType AS TABLE 
( LocationName VARCHAR(50)
, CostRate INT );
GO

/* Create a procedure to receive data for the table-valued parameter. */
CREATE PROCEDURE usp_InsertProductionLocation
    @TVP LocationTableType READONLY
    AS 
    SET NOCOUNT ON
    INSERT INTO [AdventureWorks2008R2].[Production].[Location]
           ([Name]
           ,[CostRate]
           ,[Availability]
           ,[ModifiedDate])
        SELECT *, 0, GETDATE()
        FROM  @TVP;
        GO

/* Declare a variable that references the type. */
DECLARE @LocationTVP 
AS LocationTableType;

/* Add data to the table variable. */
INSERT INTO @LocationTVP (LocationName, CostRate)
    SELECT [Name], 0.00
    FROM 
    [AdventureWorks2008R2].[Person].[StateProvince];

/* Pass the table variable data to a stored procedure. */
EXEC usp_InsertProductionLocation @LocationTVP;
GO

/*
The following is not part of the original source code:
*/

CREATE TABLE LocationTable(
 LocationName VARCHAR(50)
, CostRate INT );
GO

不，您不能利用现有的表定义，需要定义一个显式类型。早在2007年就要求这样做，但由于“无法解决”而被关闭，但是我仍然强烈建议您投票并发表评论，描述您的用例以及这将如何帮助您提高业务效率。您甚至可以指出这个问题，以证明尝试使其自动化是多么乏味。

UserVoice上的项目（以前为Connect＃294130）

不过，您今天可以动态地执行此操作，例如，针对您的简单定义：

-- you would pass these two in as parameters of course:
DECLARE
  @TableName SYSNAME = N'LocationTable',
  @TypeName  SYSNAME = N'LocationTypeTable';

DECLARE @sql NVARCHAR(MAX) = N'';

SELECT @sql = @sql + N',' + CHAR(13) + CHAR(10) + CHAR(9) 
    + QUOTENAME(c.name) + ' '
    + s.name + CASE WHEN LOWER(s.name) LIKE '%char' THEN 
        '(' + CONVERT(VARCHAR(12), (c.max_length/
        (CASE LOWER(LEFT(s.name, 1)) WHEN N'n' THEN 2 ELSE 1 END))) + ')' 
        ELSE '' END
        -- need much more conditionals here for other data types
    FROM sys.columns AS c
    INNER JOIN sys.types AS s
    ON c.system_type_id = s.system_type_id
    AND c.user_type_id = s.user_type_id
    WHERE c.[object_id] = OBJECT_ID(@TableName);

SELECT @sql = N'CREATE TYPE ' + @TypeName
    + ' AS TABLE ' + CHAR(13) + CHAR(10) + '(' + STUFF(@sql, 1, 1, '')
    + CHAR(13) + CHAR(10) + ');';

PRINT @sql;
-- EXEC sp_executesql @sql;

结果：

CREATE TYPE LocationTypeTable AS TABLE 
(
    [LocationName] varchar(50),
    [CostRate] int
);

免责声明：这不能处理所有其他类型的问题，例如MAX类型，数字的精度和小数位数等。最终的解决方案必须更健壮，才能考虑所有可能的列定义，但这应该为您提供一个起点。

在SQL Server 2012中，有了新的DMV和存储过程，这将使从现有表（或存储过程甚至临时查询）中获取列元数据变得更加容易，而不必弄乱针对sys.types和sys的所有条件逻辑。列。我在12月简要介绍了这些增强功能。它仍然很乏味，但是介于上面可怕的，无法维护的意大利面和说“作为[table x]的副本”的能力之间。

我通过创建以下存储过程来处理此问题，以创建与现有表可能具有的相同架构的类型。

Create PROCEDURE [dbo].[Sp_DefineTypeOutOfTableSchema]
@TableNames NVARCHAR(500)
AS
BEGIN

DECLARE @TableName NVARCHAR(100)
DECLARE @strSQL NVARCHAR(max)
DECLARE @strSQLCol NVARCHAR(1000)
DECLARE @ColName NVARCHAR(100)
DECLARE @ColDataTaype NVARCHAR(50)
DECLARE @ColDefault NVARCHAR(50)
DECLARE @ColIsNulable NVARCHAR(50)
DECLARE @ColCharMaxlen NVARCHAR(50)
DECLARE @ColNumPrec NVARCHAR(50)
DECLARE @ColNumScal NVARCHAR(50)


IF LEN(@TableNames) > 0 SET @TableNames = @TableNames + ',' 

WHILE LEN(@TableNames) > 0 
    BEGIN

        SELECT @TableName = LTRIM(SUBSTRING(@TableNames, 1, CHARINDEX(',', @TableNames) - 1))

        DECLARE schemaCur CURSOR FOR 
        SELECT COLUMN_NAME,DATA_TYPE,IS_NULLABLE,COLUMN_DEFAULT,CHARACTER_MAXIMUM_LENGTH,NUMERIC_PRECISION,NUMERIC_SCALE  FROM INFORMATION_SCHEMA.COLUMNS WHERE TABLE_NAME =@TableName

        OPEN schemaCur

        SELECT @strSQL=''

        FETCH NEXT FROM schemaCur
        INTO @ColName,@ColDataTaype,@ColIsNulable,@ColDefault,@ColCharMaxlen,@ColNumPrec,@ColNumScal

        WHILE @@FETCH_STATUS = 0
        BEGIN
            SELECT @strSQLCol=''
            SELECT @strSQLCol= '['+@ColName+'] '+'[' + @ColDataTaype +'] '

            IF @ColDataTaype='nvarchar' or @ColDataTaype='char'  or @ColDataTaype='varchar' or @ColDataTaype='vchar'
                BEGIN
                    SELECT @strSQLCol=@strSQLCol+ '(' + @ColCharMaxlen +') '
                END 
            ELSE IF @ColDataTaype='numeric' or @ColDataTaype='decimal' 
                BEGIN
                    SELECT @strSQLCol=@strSQLCol +'(' + @ColNumPrec +',' +@ColNumScal + ') '
                END 

            IF @ColIsNulable='YES'
                BEGIN
                    SELECT @strSQLCol=@strSQLCol+ 'NULL '
                END 
            ELSE
                BEGIN
                    SELECT @strSQLCol=@strSQLCol+ ' NOT NULL '
                END 
            IF @ColDefault IS NOT NULL
                BEGIN
                    SELECT @strSQLCol=@strSQLCol+ ' DEFAULT(' +@ColDefault + '),'
                END 
            ELSE
                BEGIN
                    SELECT @strSQLCol=@strSQLCol+ ' ,'
                END

            SELECT @strSQL=@strSQL+@strSQLCol
                --print @strSQL
            FETCH NEXT FROM schemaCur
            INTO @ColName,@ColDataTaype,@ColIsNulable,@ColDefault,@ColCharMaxlen,@ColNumPrec,@ColNumScal

        END

        CLOSE schemaCur
        DEALLOCATE schemaCur

        --print @strSQL
        SELECT @strSQL=left( @strSQL, len(@strSQL)-1)
        --print @strSQL

        IF EXISTS (SELECT * FROM sys.types WHERE IS_TABLE_TYPE = 1 AND name = 't_' +@TableName)
        BEGIN           
            EXEC('DROP TYPE t_' +@TableName )
        END

        SELECT @strSQL =  'CREATE TYPE t_' + @TableName + ' AS TABLE (' +  @strSQL + ')'
        --print @strSQL
        EXEC (@strSQL)
        SELECT @TableNames = SUBSTRING(@TableNames, CHARINDEX(',', @TableNames) + 1, LEN(@TableNames))
END
END

你可以这样使用

执行Sp_DefineTypeOutOfTableSchema'Table1name，Table2name'

Erland Sommarskog撰写了一篇广泛的文章，描述了如何使用TVP。

看看，值得！

简而言之，您无法使用现有类型，就像Aaron Bertrand先前的答案一样。但这至少是批量转移。

根据Jiten的答案，简化了部分逻辑，考虑了identity列（使用sys.表格而不是SCHEMEA）

CREATE PROCEDURE [dbo].[usp_DefineTypeFromTable]
@TableNames NVARCHAR(500)
AS
BEGIN

DECLARE @TableName NVARCHAR(100)
DECLARE @strSQL NVARCHAR(max)
DECLARE @strSQLCol NVARCHAR(1000)
DECLARE @ColName NVARCHAR(100)
DECLARE @ColDataTaype NVARCHAR(50)
DECLARE @ColDefault NVARCHAR(50)
DECLARE @ColIsNulable NVARCHAR(50)
DECLARE @ColFirst NVARCHAR(50)
DECLARE @ColSecond NVARCHAR(50)
DECLARE @ColID NVARCHAR(50)
DECLARE @ColCompute NVARCHAR(50)

IF LEN(@TableNames) > 0 SET @TableNames = @TableNames + ',' 
WHILE LEN(@TableNames) > 0 
    BEGIN
        SELECT @TableName = TRIM(LEFT(@TableNames, CHARINDEX(',', @TableNames) - 1))
        DECLARE schemaCur CURSOR FOR 
            SELECT  
                c.name as column_name,
                t.name as [type_name],
                c.is_nullable,
                convert(nvarchar(4000), object_definition(ColumnProperty(c.object_id, c.name, 'default'))) as column_default,
                CASE
                    WHEN c.collation_name IS NOT NULL THEN c.max_length 
                    WHEN t.name like 'datetime%' THEN c.scale
                    WHEN c.scale = 0 THEN NULL
                    ELSE c.precision
                END as firstValue,
                CASE
                    WHEN (c.scale = 0 or t.name like 'datetime%') THEN NULL
                    ELSE c.scale
                END as secondValue,
                c.is_identity, -- would be best to know seed,increment
                c.is_computed -- should really look up col definition. `convert(nvarchar(4000), object_definition(ColumnProperty(c.object_id, c.name, 'computed')))` as computed ?

            FROM sys.columns as c join 
                 sys.all_objects as o 
                    on c.object_id=o.object_id join
                 sys.types as t
                    on c.user_type_id=t.user_type_id
            WHERE
                o.type in ('U','V','TF','IF','TT') and --'S' to include built-in tables/types
                o.name = @TableName
            ORDER BY o.name, c.column_id
        OPEN schemaCur
        SELECT @strSQL=''
        FETCH NEXT FROM schemaCur
            INTO @ColName,@ColDataTaype,@ColIsNulable,@ColDefault,@ColFirst,@ColSecond,@ColID,@ColCompute
        WHILE @@FETCH_STATUS = 0 BEGIN
--            SELECT @strSQLCol=''
            SELECT @strSQLCol= '['+@ColName+'] '+'[' + @ColDataTaype +'] '
            IF @ColSecond is NULL
                BEGIN
                    IF @ColFirst is not NULL SELECT @strSQLCol += '(' + @ColFirst + ') '
                END 
            ELSE SELECT @strSQLCol += '(' + @ColFirst +',' +@ColSecond + ') '
            IF @ColID>0 SELECT @strSQLCol += ' IDENTITY(1,1)'
            IF @ColIsNulable>0 SELECT @strSQLCol += 'NULL'
                ELSE SELECT @strSQLCol += ' NOT NULL'
            IF @ColDefault IS NOT NULL SELECT @strSQLCol += ' DEFAULT(' +@ColDefault + '),'
                ELSE SELECT @strSQLCol += ','
            SELECT @strSQL += @strSQLCol
                --print @strSQL
            FETCH NEXT FROM schemaCur
            INTO @ColName,@ColDataTaype,@ColIsNulable,@ColDefault,@ColFirst,@ColSecond,@ColID,@ColCompute
        END

        CLOSE schemaCur
        DEALLOCATE schemaCur

        SELECT @strSQL=left(@strSQL, len(@strSQL)-1)

        IF EXISTS (SELECT * FROM sys.types WHERE IS_TABLE_TYPE = 1 AND name = 'tt_' +@TableName)
        BEGIN           
            EXEC('DROP TYPE tt_' +@TableName )
        END

        SELECT @strSQL = 'CREATE TYPE tt_' + @TableName + ' AS TABLE (' +  @strSQL + ')'
        -- print @strSQL
        EXEC (@strSQL)
        SELECT @TableNames = SUBSTRING(@TableNames, CHARINDEX(',', @TableNames) + 1, LEN(@TableNames))
    END
END