我个人不喜欢为此目的使用多表架构。
我设置了一个dbfiddle 示例。
我建议的表架构：
CREATE TABLE #Brands
(
BrandId int NOT NULL PRIMARY KEY,
BrandName nvarchar(100) NOT NULL
);
CREATE TABLE #Clothes
(
ClothesId int NOT NULL PRIMARY KEY,
ClothesName nvarchar(100) NOT NULL
);
-- Lookup table for known attributes
--
CREATE TABLE #Attributes
(
AttrId int NOT NULL PRIMARY KEY,
AttrName nvarchar(100) NOT NULL
);
-- holds common propeties, url, price, etc.
--
CREATE TABLE #BrandsClothes
(
BrandId int NOT NULL REFERENCES #Brands(BrandId),
ClothesId int NOT NULL REFERENCES #Clothes(ClothesId),
VievingUrl nvarchar(300) NOT NULL,
Price money NOT NULL,
PRIMARY KEY CLUSTERED (BrandId, ClothesId),
INDEX IX_BrandsClothes NONCLUSTERED (ClothesId, BrandId)
);
-- holds specific and unlimited attributes
--
CREATE TABLE #BCAttributes
(
BrandId int NOT NULL REFERENCES #Brands(BrandId),
ClothesId int NOT NULL REFERENCES #Clothes(ClothesId),
AttrId int NOT NULL REFERENCES #Attributes(AttrId),
AttrValue nvarchar(300) NOT NULL,
PRIMARY KEY CLUSTERED (BrandId, ClothesId, AttrId),
INDEX IX_BCAttributes NONCLUSTERED (ClothesId, BrandId, AttrId)
);
让我插入一些数据：
INSERT INTO #Brands VALUES
(1, 'Brand1'), (2, 'Brand2');
INSERT INTO #Clothes VALUES
(1, 'Pants'), (2, 'T-Shirt');
INSERT INTO #Attributes VALUES
(1, 'Color'), (2, 'Size'), (3, 'Shape'), (4, 'Provider'), (0, 'Custom');
INSERT INTO #BrandsClothes VALUES
(1, 1, 'http://mysite.com?B=1&C=1', 123.99),
(1, 2, 'http://mysite.com?B=1&C=2', 110.99),
(2, 1, 'http://mysite.com?B=2&C=1', 75.99),
(2, 2, 'http://mysite.com?B=2&C=2', 85.99);
INSERT INTO #BCAttributes VALUES
(1, 1, 1, 'Blue, Red, White'),
(1, 1, 2, '32, 33, 34'),
(1, 2, 1, 'Pearl, Black widow'),
(1, 2, 2, 'M, L, XL'),
(2, 1, 4, 'Levis, G-Star, Armani'),
(2, 1, 3, 'Slim fit, Regular fit, Custom fit'),
(2, 2, 4, 'G-Star, Armani'),
(2, 2, 3, 'Slim fit, Regular fit'),
(2, 2, 0, '15% Discount');
如果您需要获取常用属性：
SELECT b.BrandName, c.ClothesName, bc.VievingUrl, bc.Price
FROM #BrandsClothes bc
INNER JOIN #Brands b
ON b.BrandId = bc.BrandId
INNER JOIN #Clothes c
ON c.ClothesId = bc.ClothesId
ORDER BY bc.BrandId, bc.ClothesId;
BrandName ClothesName VievingUrl Price
--------- ----------- ------------------------- ------
Brand1 Pants http://mysite.com?B=1&C=1 123.99
Brand1 T-Shirt http://mysite.com?B=1&C=2 110.99
Brand2 Pants http://mysite.com?B=2&C=1 75.99
Brand2 T-Shirt http://mysite.com?B=2&C=2 85.99
或者，您可以轻松获得各品牌的衣服：
给我Brand2的所有衣服
SELECT c.ClothesName, b.BrandName, a.AttrName, bca.AttrValue
FROM #BCAttributes bca
INNER JOIN #BrandsClothes bc
ON bc.BrandId = bca.BrandId
AND bc.ClothesId = bca.ClothesId
INNER JOIN #Brands b
ON b.BrandId = bc.BrandId
INNER JOIN #Clothes c
ON c.ClothesId = bc.ClothesId
INNER JOIN #Attributes a
ON a.AttrId = bca.AttrId
WHERE bca.ClothesId = 2
ORDER BY bca.ClothesId, bca.BrandId, bca.AttrId;
ClothesName BrandName AttrName AttrValue
----------- --------- -------- ---------------------
T-Shirt Brand1 Color Pearl, Black widow
T-Shirt Brand1 Size M, L, XL
T-Shirt Brand2 Custom 15% Discount
T-Shirt Brand2 Shape Slim fit, Regular fit
T-Shirt Brand2 Provider G-Star, Armani
但是对我来说，这种模式的最好之处之一是您可以按Attibutes进行过滤：
给我所有具有以下属性的衣服：尺寸
SELECT c.ClothesName, b.BrandName, a.AttrName, bca.AttrValue
FROM #BCAttributes bca
INNER JOIN #BrandsClothes bc
ON bc.BrandId = bca.BrandId
AND bc.ClothesId = bca.ClothesId
INNER JOIN #Brands b
ON b.BrandId = bc.BrandId
INNER JOIN #Clothes c
ON c.ClothesId = bc.ClothesId
INNER JOIN #Attributes a
ON a.AttrId = bca.AttrId
WHERE bca.AttrId = 2
ORDER BY bca.ClothesId, bca.BrandId, bca.AttrId;
ClothesName BrandName AttrName AttrValue
----------- --------- -------- ----------
Pants Brand1 Size 32, 33, 34
T-Shirt Brand1 Size M, L, XL
使用多表模式时，无论使用任何先前的查询，都将需要处理无限数量的表或XML或JSON字段。
此模式的另一个选项是，您可以定义模板，例如，可以添加新表BrandAttrTemplates。每次添加新记录时，都可以使用触发器或SP来为此分支生成一组预定义属性。
对不起，我想扩大我的解释，我认为这比我的英语更清楚。
更新资料
我的当前答案应该适用于任何RDBMS。根据您的评论，如果您需要过滤属性值，我建议进行一些小的更改。
就MS-Sql不允许使用数组而言，我设置了一个保留相同表模式的新示例，但是将AttrValue更改为ARRAY字段类型。
实际上，使用POSTGRES，您可以使用GIN索引来利用此数组。
（让我说@EvanCarrol对Postgres有很好的了解，当然比我更好。但是让我补充一点。）
CREATE TABLE BCAttributes
(
BrandId int NOT NULL REFERENCES Brands(BrandId),
ClothesId int NOT NULL REFERENCES Clothes(ClothesId),
AttrId int NOT NULL REFERENCES Attrib(AttrId),
AttrValue text[],
PRIMARY KEY (BrandId, ClothesId, AttrId)
);
CREATE INDEX ix_attributes on BCAttributes(ClothesId, BrandId, AttrId);
CREATE INDEX ix_gin_attributes on BCAttributes using GIN (AttrValue);
INSERT INTO BCAttributes VALUES
(1, 1, 1, '{Blue, Red, White}'),
(1, 1, 2, '{32, 33, 34}'),
(1, 2, 1, '{Pearl, Black widow}'),
(1, 2, 2, '{M, L, XL}'),
(2, 1, 4, '{Levis, G-Star, Armani}'),
(2, 1, 3, '{Slim fit, Regular fit, Custom fit}'),
(2, 2, 4, '{G-Star, Armani}'),
(2, 2, 3, '{Slim fit, Regular fit}'),
(2, 2, 0, '{15% Discount}');
现在，您还可以使用单个属性值查询，例如：
给我所有裤子的清单尺寸：33
AttribId = 2 AND ARRAY['33'] && bca.AttrValue
SELECT c.ClothesName, b.BrandName, a.AttrName, array_to_string(bca.AttrValue, ', ')
FROM BCAttributes bca
INNER JOIN BrandsClothes bc
ON bc.BrandId = bca.BrandId
AND bc.ClothesId = bca.ClothesId
INNER JOIN Brands b
ON b.BrandId = bc.BrandId
INNER JOIN Clothes c
ON c.ClothesId = bc.ClothesId
INNER JOIN Attrib a
ON a.AttrId = bca.AttrId
WHERE bca.AttrId = 2
AND ARRAY['33'] && bca.AttrValue
ORDER BY bca.ClothesId, bca.BrandId, bca.AttrId;
结果如下：
clothes name | brand name | attribute | values
------------- ------------ ---------- ----------------
Pants Brand1 Size 32, 33, 34