给定范围内的质数

最近，我被赋予打印所有质数（1-100）的任务。我在那里彻底失败了。我的代码：

Create Procedure PrintPrimeNumbers
@startnum int,
@endnum int
AS 
BEGIN
Declare @a INT;
Declare @i INT = 1
(
Select a = @startnum / 2;
WHILE @i<@a
BEGIN
@startnum%(@a-@i)
i=i+1;
)
END

尽管我最终没有完成它，但我想知道在数据库（SQL Server 2008 R2）上执行这样的程序是否可行。

如果是，它将如何结束。

到目前为止，打印 “所有素数（1-100）” 的最快，最简单的方法是完全接受以下事实：素数是一组已知的，有限的且不变的值集（当然是特定范围）。在这么小的规模下，为什么每次都要浪费CPU来计算一堆已经很长时间知道的值，而几乎不占用任何内存来存储呢？

SELECT tmp.[Prime]
FROM   (VALUES (2), (3), (5), (7), (11), (13),
        (17), (19), (23), (29), (31), (37), (41),
        (43), (47), (53), (59), (61), (67), (71),
        (73), (79), (83), (89), (97)) tmp(Prime)

当然，如果您确实需要计算1到100之间的质数，则以下效率很高：

;WITH base AS
(
    SELECT tmp.dummy, ROW_NUMBER() OVER (ORDER BY (SELECT 1)) AS [num]
    FROM   (VALUES (0), (0), (0), (0), (0), (0), (0)) tmp(dummy)
), nums AS
(
    SELECT  (ROW_NUMBER() OVER (ORDER BY (SELECT 1)) * 2) + 1 AS [num]
    FROM        base b1
    CROSS JOIN  base b2
), divs AS
(
    SELECT  [num]
    FROM        base b3
    WHERE   b3.[num] > 4
    AND     b3.[num] % 2 <> 0
    AND     b3.[num] % 3 <> 0
)
SELECT  given.[num] AS [Prime]
FROM        (VALUES (2), (3)) given(num)
UNION ALL
SELECT  n.[num] AS [Prime]
FROM        nums n
WHERE   n.[num] % 3 <> 0
AND     NOT EXISTS (SELECT *
                    FROM divs d
                    WHERE d.[num] <> n.[num]
                    AND n.[num] % d.[num] = 0
                    );

此查询仅测试奇数，因为无论如何偶数都不是质数。它也特定于1-100的范围。

现在，如果您需要一个动态范围（类似于问题中的示例代码所示），那么下面是对上面查询的一种改编，它仍然相当有效（它计算出的范围为1-100,000-9592条目-不到1秒）：

DECLARE  @RangeStart INT = 1,
         @RangeEnd INT = 100000;
DECLARE  @HowMany INT = CEILING((@RangeEnd - @RangeStart + 1) / 2.0);

;WITH frst AS
(
    SELECT  tmp.thing1
    FROM        (VALUES (0), (0), (0), (0), (0), (0), (0), (0), (0), (0)) tmp(thing1)
), scnd AS
(
    SELECT  0 AS [thing2]
    FROM        frst t1
    CROSS JOIN frst t2
    CROSS JOIN frst t3
), base AS
(
    SELECT  TOP( CONVERT( INT, CEILING(SQRT(@RangeEnd)) ) )
            ROW_NUMBER() OVER (ORDER BY (SELECT 1)) AS [num]
    FROM        scnd s1
    CROSS JOIN  scnd s2
), nums AS
(
    SELECT  TOP (@HowMany)
            (ROW_NUMBER() OVER (ORDER BY (SELECT 1)) * 2) + 
                (@RangeStart - 1 - (@RangeStart%2)) AS [num]
    FROM        base b1
    CROSS JOIN  base b2
), divs AS
(
    SELECT  [num]
    FROM        base b3
    WHERE   b3.[num] > 4
    AND     b3.[num] % 2 <> 0
    AND     b3.[num] % 3 <> 0
)
SELECT  given.[num] AS [Prime]
FROM        (VALUES (2), (3)) given(num)
WHERE   given.[num] >= @RangeStart
UNION ALL
SELECT  n.[num] AS [Prime]
FROM        nums n
WHERE   n.[num] BETWEEN 5 AND @RangeEnd
AND     n.[num] % 3 <> 0
AND     NOT EXISTS (SELECT *
                    FROM divs d
                    WHERE d.[num] <> n.[num]
                    AND n.[num] % d.[num] = 0
                    );

我的测试（使用SET STATISTICS TIME, IO ON;）表明，该查询的性能比到目前为止给出的其他两个答案更好：

范围：1-100

Query      Logical Reads       CPU Milliseconds    Elapsed Milliseconds
-------    ----------------    ----------------    -----------------

Solomon      0                 0                   0
Dan        396                 0                   0
Martin     394                 0                   1

范围：1-10,000

Query      Logical Reads       CPU Milliseconds    Elapsed Milliseconds
-------    ----------------    ----------------    -----------------

Solomon        0                   47                170
Dan        77015                 2547               2559
Martin       n/a

范围：1-100,000

Query      Logical Reads       CPU Milliseconds    Elapsed Milliseconds
-------    ----------------    ----------------    -----------------

Solomon            0                 984                996
Dan        3,365,469             195,766            196,650
Martin           n/a

范围：99,900-100,000

注意：为了运行此测试，我不得不修复Dan代码中的错误- @startnum该查询未考虑到该错误，因此它始终始于1。我用替换了Dividend.num <= @endnum行Dividend.num BETWEEN @startnum AND @endnum。

Query      Logical Reads       CPU Milliseconds    Elapsed Milliseconds
-------    ----------------    ----------------    -----------------

Solomon       0                   0                   1
Dan           0                 157                 158
Martin      n/a

范围：1-100,000（部分重新测试）

修正了Dan对99,900-100,000测试的查询后，我注意到这里没有列出更多的逻辑读物。因此，我在仍然应用此修复程序的情况下重新测试了该范围，发现逻辑读取再次消失，时间略有改善（是的，返回了相同数量的行）。

Query      Logical Reads       CPU Milliseconds    Elapsed Milliseconds
-------    ----------------    ----------------    -----------------

Dan                0             179,594            180,096

一种简单但不是非常有效的方法来返回2-100范围内的质数（1不是质数）是

WITH Ten AS (SELECT * FROM (VALUES(0),(1),(2),(3),(4),(5),(6),(7),(8),(9)) V(N)),
     Hundred(N) AS (SELECT T1.N * 10 + T2.N + 1 FROM Ten T1, Ten T2)
SELECT H1.N
FROM   Hundred H1
WHERE  H1.N > 1
       AND NOT EXISTS(SELECT *
                      FROM   Hundred H2
                      WHERE  H2.N > 1
                             AND H1.N > H2.N
                             AND H1.N % H2.N = 0);

您也可以在表中具体化2-100的数字，并通过重复更新或删除来实现Eratosthenes筛网。

我不知道在数据库上做这样的程序是否可行

是的，这是可行的，但我不认为T-SQL是完成这项工作的正确工具。以下是针对此问题的T-SQL中基于集合的方法的示例。

CREATE PROC dbo.PrintPrimeNumbers
    @startnum int,
    @endnum int
AS 
WITH 
     t4 AS (SELECT n FROM (VALUES(0),(0),(0),(0)) t(n))
    ,t256 AS (SELECT 0 AS n FROM t4 AS a CROSS JOIN t4 AS b CROSS JOIN t4 AS c CROSS JOIN t4 AS d)
    ,t16M AS (SELECT ROW_NUMBER() OVER (ORDER BY (a.n)) AS num FROM t256 AS a CROSS JOIN t256 AS b CROSS JOIN t256 AS c)
SELECT num
FROM t16M AS Dividend
WHERE
    Dividend.num <= @endnum
    AND NOT EXISTS(
        SELECT 1
        FROM t16M AS Divisor
        WHERE
            Divisor.num <= @endnum
            AND Divisor.num BETWEEN 2 AND SQRT(Dividend.num)
            AND Dividend.num % Divisor.num = 0
            AND Dividend.num <= @endnum
    );
GO
EXEC dbo.PrintPrimeNumbers 1, 100;
GO

我们可以编写以下代码，它可以正常工作：

CREATE procedure sp_PrimeNumber(@number int)
as 
begin
declare @i int
declare @j int
declare @isPrime int
set @isPrime=1
set @i=2
set @j=2
while(@i<=@number)
begin
    while(@j<=@number)
    begin
        if((@i<>@j) and (@i%@j=0))
        begin
            set @isPrime=0
            break
        end
        else
        begin
            set @j=@j+1
        end
    end
    if(@isPrime=1)
    begin
        SELECT @i
    end
    set @isPrime=1
    set @i=@i+1
    set @j=2
end
end

上面我创建了一个存储过程来获取素数。

为了知道结果，执行存储过程：

EXECUTE sp_PrimeNumber 100

DECLARE @UpperLimit INT, @LowerLimit INT

SET @UpperLimit = 500
SET @LowerLimit = 100

DECLARE @N INT, @P INT
DECLARE @Numbers TABLE (Number INT NULL)
DECLARE @Composite TABLE (Number INT NULL)

SET @P = @UpperLimit

IF (@LowerLimit > @UpperLimit OR @UpperLimit < 0 OR @LowerLimit < 0 )
    BEGIN
        PRINT 'Incorrect Range'
    END 
ELSE
    BEGIN
        WHILE @P > @LowerLimit
            BEGIN
                INSERT INTO @Numbers(Number) VALUES (@P)
                SET @N = 2
                WHILE @N <= @UpperLimit/2
                    BEGIN
                        IF ((@P%@N = 0 AND @P <> @N) OR (@P IN (0, 1)))
                            BEGIN
                                INSERT INTO @Composite(Number) VALUES (@P)
                                BREAK
                            END
                        SET @N = @N + 1
                    END
                SET @P = @P - 1
            END
        SELECT Number FROM @Numbers
        WHERE Number NOT IN (SELECT Number FROM @Composite)
        ORDER BY Number
        END