仅当对象是B +树时,这种差异才似乎适用。当删除primary key
表变量时,它是一个堆,我得到以下结果
2560
2120
2080
2130
2140
但是使用PK时,我在测试中也发现了类似的模式,以下是典型结果。
+--------+--------+---------+-------------------+
| @table | #table | ##table | [permanent_table] |
+--------+--------+---------+-------------------+
| 2670 | 2683 | 9603 | 9703 |
| 6823 | 6840 | 9723 | 9790 |
| 6813 | 6816 | 9626 | 9703 |
| 6883 | 6816 | 9600 | 9716 |
| 6840 | 6856 | 9610 | 9673 |
+--------+--------+---------+-------------------+
我的理论是,对本地临时B +树进行批量插入时,存在一些优化措施,仅在尚未分配任何页面时才适用。
我基于以下观察结果。
当运行各种版本的测试代码时,我仅在@table_variables
和#temp
表中看到此模式。不是永久表,tempdb
也不是##
表。
为了获得较慢的性能,不必事先在表中添加和删除大量的行。只需添加一行并将其保留在那里就足够了。
TRUNCATE
从表中取消分配所有页面。 DELETE
不会导致表中的最后一页被释放。
使用VS 2012事件探查器可以显示,在较快的情况下,SQL Server使用其他代码路径。花了36%的时间,而花了sqlmin.dll!RowsetBulk::InsertRow
61%的时间sqlmin.dll!RowsetNewSS::InsertRow
较慢的情况。
跑步
SELECT *
FROM sys.dm_db_index_physical_stats(2,OBJECT_ID('tempdb..#values'),1,NULL, 'DETAILED')
删除后返回
+-------------+------------+--------------+--------------------+
| index_level | page_count | record_count | ghost_record_count |
+-------------+------------+--------------+--------------------+
| 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 |
| 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 |
| 2 | 1 | 1 | 0 |
+-------------+------------+--------------+--------------------+
我发现可以通过以下方式减少时间差异 启用跟踪标志610。
这样的效果是大大减少了后续插入的日志记录数量(从350 MB减少到103 MB,因为它不再记录单个插入的行值),但这对第二次及其后的时间安排仅作了较小的改进@table
,#table
例差距仍然存在。跟踪标志极大地提高了对其他两种表类型的插入的总体性能。
+--------+--------+---------+-------------------+
| @table | #table | ##table | [permanent_table] |
+--------+--------+---------+-------------------+
| 2663 | 2670 | 5403 | 5426 |
| 5390 | 5396 | 5410 | 5403 |
| 5373 | 5390 | 5410 | 5403 |
| 5393 | 5410 | 5406 | 5433 |
| 5386 | 5396 | 5390 | 5420 |
+--------+--------+---------+-------------------+
通过查看事务日志,我注意到针对空的本地临时表的初始插入似乎记录得最少(96 MB)。
值得注意的是,与较慢的情况相比,这些较快的插入仅具有657
事务(LOP_BEGIN_XACT
/ LOP_COMMIT_XACT
对)10,000
。特别是LOP_FORMAT_PAGE
操作似乎大大减少了。较慢的情况下,表中的每个页面(大约10,270
)都有一个事务日志4
条目,而快速情况下只有这样的条目。
这三种情况下使用的日志如下(我已删除了用于更新系统基本表的日志记录,以减少文本量,但仍包含在总数中)
记录第一个插入内容@table_var
(96.5 MB)
+-----------------------+----------+----------------------------------------------+---------------+---------+
| Operation | Context | AllocUnitName | Size in Bytes | Cnt |
+-----------------------+----------+----------------------------------------------+---------------+---------+
| LOP_BEGIN_XACT | LCX_NULL | NULL | 83876 | 658 |
| LOP_COMMIT_XACT | LCX_NULL | NULL | 34164 | 657 |
| LOP_CREATE_ALLOCCHAIN | LCX_NULL | NULL | 120 | 3 |
| LOP_FORMAT_PAGE | LCX_HEAP | dbo.#531856C7 | 84 | 1 |
| LOP_FORMAT_PAGE | LCX_IAM | dbo.#4F47C5E3.PK__#4F47C5E__3213E83F51300E55 | 84 | 1 |
| LOP_FORMAT_PAGE | LCX_IAM | dbo.#531856C7 | 84 | 1 |
| LOP_FORMAT_PAGE | LCX_IAM | Unknown Alloc Unit | 84 | 1 |
| LOP_HOBT_DDL | LCX_NULL | NULL | 216 | 6 |
| LOP_HOBT_DELTA | LCX_NULL | NULL | 320 | 5 |
| LOP_IDENT_NEWVAL | LCX_NULL | NULL | 100240000 | 2506000 |
| LOP_INSERT_ROWS | LCX_HEAP | dbo.#531856C7 | 72 | 1 |
| LOP_MODIFY_ROW | LCX_IAM | dbo.#531856C7 | 88 | 1 |
| LOP_MODIFY_ROW | LCX_PFS | dbo.#4F47C5E3.PK__#4F47C5E__3213E83F51300E55 | 158592 | 1848 |
| LOP_MODIFY_ROW | LCX_PFS | dbo.#531856C7 | 80 | 1 |
| LOP_MODIFY_ROW | LCX_PFS | Unknown Alloc Unit | 216016 | 2455 |
| LOP_SET_BITS | LCX_GAM | dbo.#4F47C5E3.PK__#4F47C5E__3213E83F51300E55 | 84360 | 1406 |
| LOP_SET_BITS | LCX_GAM | Unknown Alloc Unit | 147120 | 2452 |
| LOP_SET_BITS | LCX_IAM | dbo.#4F47C5E3.PK__#4F47C5E__3213E83F51300E55 | 84360 | 1406 |
| LOP_SET_BITS | LCX_IAM | Unknown Alloc Unit | 147120 | 2452 |
| Total | NULL | NULL | 101209792 | 2519475 |
+-----------------------+----------+----------------------------------------------+---------------+---------+
注销后续插入的TF 610(350 MB)
+-----------------------+--------------------+----------------------------------------------+---------------+---------+
| Operation | Context | AllocUnitName | Size in Bytes | Cnt |
+-----------------------+--------------------+----------------------------------------------+---------------+---------+
| LOP_BEGIN_CKPT | LCX_NULL | NULL | 96 | 1 |
| LOP_BEGIN_XACT | LCX_NULL | NULL | 1520696 | 12521 |
| LOP_COMMIT_XACT | LCX_NULL | NULL | 651040 | 12520 |
| LOP_CREATE_ALLOCCHAIN | LCX_NULL | NULL | 40 | 1 |
| LOP_DELETE_SPLIT | LCX_INDEX_INTERIOR | dbo.#4F47C5E3.PK__#4F47C5E__3213E83F51300E55 | 2160 | 36 |
| LOP_END_CKPT | LCX_NULL | NULL | 136 | 1 |
| LOP_FORMAT_PAGE | LCX_HEAP | dbo.#4F47C5E3.PK__#4F47C5E__3213E83F51300E55 | 859236 | 10229 |
| LOP_FORMAT_PAGE | LCX_IAM | Unknown Alloc Unit | 84 | 1 |
| LOP_FORMAT_PAGE | LCX_INDEX_INTERIOR | dbo.#4F47C5E3.PK__#4F47C5E__3213E83F51300E55 | 3108 | 37 |
| LOP_HOBT_DDL | LCX_NULL | NULL | 648 | 18 |
| LOP_HOBT_DELTA | LCX_NULL | NULL | 657088 | 10267 |
| LOP_IDENT_NEWVAL | LCX_NULL | NULL | 100239960 | 2505999 |
| LOP_INSERT_ROWS | LCX_CLUSTERED | dbo.#4F47C5E3.PK__#4F47C5E__3213E83F51300E55 | 258628000 | 2506000 |
| LOP_INSERT_ROWS | LCX_HEAP | dbo.#531856C7 | 72 | 1 |
| LOP_INSERT_ROWS | LCX_INDEX_INTERIOR | dbo.#4F47C5E3.PK__#4F47C5E__3213E83F51300E55 | 1042776 | 10302 |
| LOP_MODIFY_HEADER | LCX_HEAP | dbo.#4F47C5E3.PK__#4F47C5E__3213E83F51300E55 | 859236 | 10229 |
| LOP_MODIFY_HEADER | LCX_INDEX_INTERIOR | dbo.#4F47C5E3.PK__#4F47C5E__3213E83F51300E55 | 3192 | 38 |
| LOP_MODIFY_ROW | LCX_IAM | dbo.#4F47C5E3.PK__#4F47C5E__3213E83F51300E55 | 704 | 8 |
| LOP_MODIFY_ROW | LCX_PFS | dbo.#4F47C5E3.PK__#4F47C5E__3213E83F51300E55 | 934264 | 11550 |
| LOP_MODIFY_ROW | LCX_PFS | Unknown Alloc Unit | 783984 | 8909 |
| LOP_SET_BITS | LCX_GAM | dbo.#4F47C5E3.PK__#4F47C5E__3213E83F51300E55 | 76980 | 1283 |
| LOP_SET_BITS | LCX_GAM | Unknown Alloc Unit | 534480 | 8908 |
| LOP_SET_BITS | LCX_IAM | dbo.#4F47C5E3.PK__#4F47C5E__3213E83F51300E55 | 76980 | 1283 |
| LOP_SET_BITS | LCX_IAM | Unknown Alloc Unit | 534480 | 8908 |
| LOP_SHRINK_NOOP | LCX_NULL | NULL | 32 | 1 |
| LOP_XACT_CKPT | LCX_NULL | NULL | 92 | 1 |
| Total | NULL | NULL | 367438748 | 5119297 |
+-----------------------+--------------------+----------------------------------------------+---------------+---------+
记录后续插入TF 610(103 MB)
+-------------------------+-------------------------+----------------------------------------------+---------------+---------+
| Operation | Context | AllocUnitName | Size in Bytes | Cnt |
+-------------------------+-------------------------+----------------------------------------------+---------------+---------+
| LOP_BEGIN_CKPT | LCX_NULL | NULL | 192 | 2 |
| LOP_BEGIN_XACT | LCX_NULL | NULL | 1339796 | 11099 |
| LOP_BULK_EXT_ALLOCATION | LCX_NULL | NULL | 20616 | 162 |
| LOP_COMMIT_XACT | LCX_NULL | NULL | 577096 | 11098 |
| LOP_CREATE_ALLOCCHAIN | LCX_NULL | NULL | 40 | 1 |
| LOP_DELETE_SPLIT | LCX_INDEX_INTERIOR | dbo.#6DCC4D03.PK__#6DCC4D0__3213E83F6FB49575 | 2160 | 36 |
| LOP_END_CKPT | LCX_NULL | NULL | 272 | 2 |
| LOP_FORMAT_PAGE | LCX_BULK_OPERATION_PAGE | dbo.#6DCC4D03.PK__#6DCC4D0__3213E83F6FB49575 | 863520 | 10280 |
| LOP_FORMAT_PAGE | LCX_IAM | Unknown Alloc Unit | 84 | 1 |
| LOP_FORMAT_PAGE | LCX_INDEX_INTERIOR | dbo.#6DCC4D03.PK__#6DCC4D0__3213E83F6FB49575 | 3108 | 37 |
| LOP_HOBT_DELTA | LCX_NULL | NULL | 666496 | 10414 |
| LOP_IDENT_NEWVAL | LCX_NULL | NULL | 100239960 | 2505999 |
| LOP_INSERT_ROWS | LCX_CLUSTERED | dbo.#6DCC4D03.PK__#6DCC4D0__3213E83F6FB49575 | 23544 | 218 |
| LOP_INSERT_ROWS | LCX_HEAP | dbo.#719CDDE7 | 72 | 1 |
| LOP_INSERT_ROWS | LCX_INDEX_INTERIOR | dbo.#6DCC4D03.PK__#6DCC4D0__3213E83F6FB49575 | 1042776 | 10302 |
| LOP_MODIFY_HEADER | LCX_BULK_OPERATION_PAGE | dbo.#6DCC4D03.PK__#6DCC4D0__3213E83F6FB49575 | 780216 | 10266 |
| LOP_MODIFY_HEADER | LCX_HEAP | dbo.#6DCC4D03.PK__#6DCC4D0__3213E83F6FB49575 | 1718472 | 20458 |
| LOP_MODIFY_HEADER | LCX_INDEX_INTERIOR | dbo.#6DCC4D03.PK__#6DCC4D0__3213E83F6FB49575 | 3192 | 38 |
| LOP_MODIFY_ROW | LCX_IAM | dbo.#6DCC4D03.PK__#6DCC4D0__3213E83F6FB49575 | 704 | 8 |
| LOP_MODIFY_ROW | LCX_PFS | dbo.#6DCC4D03.PK__#6DCC4D0__3213E83F6FB49575 | 114832 | 1307 |
| LOP_MODIFY_ROW | LCX_PFS | Unknown Alloc Unit | 231696 | 2633 |
| LOP_RANGE_INSERT | LCX_NULL | NULL | 48 | 1 |
| LOP_SET_BITS | LCX_GAM | dbo.#6DCC4D03.PK__#6DCC4D0__3213E83F6FB49575 | 77100 | 1285 |
| LOP_SET_BITS | LCX_GAM | Unknown Alloc Unit | 157920 | 2632 |
| LOP_SET_BITS | LCX_IAM | dbo.#6DCC4D03.PK__#6DCC4D0__3213E83F6FB49575 | 77100 | 1285 |
| LOP_SET_BITS | LCX_IAM | Unknown Alloc Unit | 157920 | 2632 |
| LOP_XACT_CKPT | LCX_NULL | NULL | 92 | 1 |
| Total | NULL | NULL | 108102960 | 2602218 |
+-------------------------+-------------------------+----------------------------------------------+---------------+---------+