强制索引假脱机

我知道出于性能原因应避免使用它，但是我正在尝试展示一种情况，以使其演示如何确保不出现。

但是，我最后遇到了索引丢失警告，但是优化器选择不创建临时索引。

我正在使用的查询是

SELECT 
    z.a
FROM dbo.t5 AS z WITH(INDEX(0))
WHERE 
    EXISTS 
    (
        SELECT y.a 
        FROM dbo.t4 AS y
        WHERE y.a = z.a
    )
OPTION (MAXDOP 1);

表模式为：

CREATE TABLE dbo.t4
(
    a   integer NULL,
    b   varchar(1000) NULL,
    p   varchar(100) NULL
);

CREATE TABLE dbo.t5
(
    a   integer NULL,
    b   varchar(1000) NULL
);

CREATE UNIQUE CLUSTERED INDEX c1 
ON dbo.t5 (a);

两个表都有10,000行，您可以使用以下行进行模拟：

UPDATE STATISTICS dbo.t4 
WITH 
    ROWCOUNT = 10000, 
    PAGECOUNT = 1000;

UPDATE STATISTICS dbo.t5 
WITH 
    ROWCOUNT = 10000,
    PAGECOUNT = 1000;

查询计划为：

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-16"?>
<ShowPlanXML xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:xsd="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema" Version="1.2" Build="11.0.2218.0" xmlns="http://schemas.microsoft.com/sqlserver/2004/07/showplan">
  <BatchSequence>
    <Batch>
      <Statements>
        <StmtSimple StatementCompId="1" StatementEstRows="5532.16" StatementId="1" StatementOptmLevel="FULL" StatementOptmEarlyAbortReason="GoodEnoughPlanFound" StatementSubTreeCost="0.407384" StatementText="select a from t5  z WITH(INDEX(0))  where exists (select a from t4 where a=z.a )" StatementType="SELECT" QueryHash="0x1B882FCEA34AEAF4" QueryPlanHash="0x1B276DC04B718F7C" RetrievedFromCache="true">
          <StatementSetOptions ANSI_NULLS="true" ANSI_PADDING="true" ANSI_WARNINGS="true" ARITHABORT="true" CONCAT_NULL_YIELDS_NULL="true" NUMERIC_ROUNDABORT="false" QUOTED_IDENTIFIER="true" />
          <QueryPlan DegreeOfParallelism="1" MemoryGrant="2912" CachedPlanSize="32" CompileTime="10" CompileCPU="10" CompileMemory="296">
            <MissingIndexes>
              <MissingIndexGroup Impact="82.4536">
                <MissingIndex Database="[planoper]" Schema="[dbo]" Table="[t4]">
                  <ColumnGroup Usage="EQUALITY">
                    <Column Name="[a]" ColumnId="1" />
                  </ColumnGroup>
                </MissingIndex>
              </MissingIndexGroup>
            </MissingIndexes>
            <MemoryGrantInfo SerialRequiredMemory="1024" SerialDesiredMemory="2912" RequiredMemory="1024" DesiredMemory="2912" RequestedMemory="2912" GrantWaitTime="0" GrantedMemory="2912" MaxUsedMemory="896" />
            <OptimizerHardwareDependentProperties EstimatedAvailableMemoryGrant="104846" EstimatedPagesCached="11834" EstimatedAvailableDegreeOfParallelism="2" />
            <RelOp AvgRowSize="11" EstimateCPU="0.228447" EstimateIO="0" EstimateRebinds="0" EstimateRewinds="0" EstimatedExecutionMode="Row" EstimateRows="5532.16" LogicalOp="Left Semi Join" NodeId="0" Parallel="false" PhysicalOp="Hash Match" EstimatedTotalSubtreeCost="0.407384">
              <OutputList>
                <ColumnReference Database="[planoper]" Schema="[dbo]" Table="[t5]" Alias="[z]" Column="a" />
              </OutputList>
              <MemoryFractions Input="1" Output="1" />
              <RunTimeInformation>
                <RunTimeCountersPerThread Thread="0" ActualRows="10000" ActualEndOfScans="1" ActualExecutions="1" />
              </RunTimeInformation>
              <Hash>
                <DefinedValues />
                <HashKeysBuild>
                  <ColumnReference Database="[planoper]" Schema="[dbo]" Table="[t5]" Alias="[z]" Column="a" />
                </HashKeysBuild>
                <HashKeysProbe>
                  <ColumnReference Database="[planoper]" Schema="[dbo]" Table="[t4]" Column="a" />
                </HashKeysProbe>
                <ProbeResidual>
                  <ScalarOperator ScalarString="[planoper].[dbo].[t4].[a]=[planoper].[dbo].[t5].[a] as [z].[a]">
                    <Compare CompareOp="EQ">
                      <ScalarOperator>
                        <Identifier>
                          <ColumnReference Database="[planoper]" Schema="[dbo]" Table="[t4]" Column="a" />
                        </Identifier>
                      </ScalarOperator>
                      <ScalarOperator>
                        <Identifier>
                          <ColumnReference Database="[planoper]" Schema="[dbo]" Table="[t5]" Alias="[z]" Column="a" />
                        </Identifier>
                      </ScalarOperator>
                    </Compare>
                  </ScalarOperator>
                </ProbeResidual>
                <RelOp AvgRowSize="11" EstimateCPU="0.0110785" EstimateIO="0.0565368" EstimateRebinds="0" EstimateRewinds="0" EstimatedExecutionMode="Row" EstimateRows="10000" LogicalOp="Clustered Index Scan" NodeId="1" Parallel="false" PhysicalOp="Clustered Index Scan" EstimatedTotalSubtreeCost="0.0676153" TableCardinality="10000">
                  <OutputList>
                    <ColumnReference Database="[planoper]" Schema="[dbo]" Table="[t5]" Alias="[z]" Column="a" />
                  </OutputList>
                  <RunTimeInformation>
                    <RunTimeCountersPerThread Thread="0" ActualRows="10000" ActualEndOfScans="1" ActualExecutions="1" />
                  </RunTimeInformation>
                  <IndexScan Ordered="false" ForcedIndex="true" ForceScan="false" NoExpandHint="false">
                    <DefinedValues>
                      <DefinedValue>
                        <ColumnReference Database="[planoper]" Schema="[dbo]" Table="[t5]" Alias="[z]" Column="a" />
                      </DefinedValue>
                    </DefinedValues>
                    <Object Database="[planoper]" Schema="[dbo]" Table="[t5]" Index="[c1]" Alias="[z]" IndexKind="Clustered" />
                  </IndexScan>
                </RelOp>
                <RelOp AvgRowSize="11" EstimateCPU="0.011157" EstimateIO="0.100162" EstimateRebinds="0" EstimateRewinds="0" EstimatedExecutionMode="Row" EstimateRows="10000" LogicalOp="Table Scan" NodeId="2" Parallel="false" PhysicalOp="Table Scan" EstimatedTotalSubtreeCost="0.111319" TableCardinality="10000">
                  <OutputList>
                    <ColumnReference Database="[planoper]" Schema="[dbo]" Table="[t4]" Column="a" />
                  </OutputList>
                  <RunTimeInformation>
                    <RunTimeCountersPerThread Thread="0" ActualRows="10000" ActualEndOfScans="1" ActualExecutions="1" />
                  </RunTimeInformation>
                  <TableScan Ordered="false" ForcedIndex="false" ForceScan="false" NoExpandHint="false">
                    <DefinedValues>
                      <DefinedValue>
                        <ColumnReference Database="[planoper]" Schema="[dbo]" Table="[t4]" Column="a" />
                      </DefinedValue>
                    </DefinedValues>
                    <Object Database="[planoper]" Schema="[dbo]" Table="[t4]" IndexKind="Heap" />
                  </TableScan>
                </RelOp>
              </Hash>
            </RelOp>
          </QueryPlan>
        </StmtSimple>
      </Statements>
    </Batch>
  </BatchSequence>
</ShowPlanXML>

它甚至告诉我创建此索引：

USE [planoper];
GO
CREATE NONCLUSTERED INDEX [<Name of Missing Index, sysname,>]
ON [dbo].[t4] ([a]);

使索引假脱机自然出现的一种方法是使用稍微不同的语法来表达需求：

SELECT DISTINCT 
    z.a
FROM dbo.t5 AS z
JOIN dbo.t4 AS y ON
    y.a >= z.a AND y.a <= z.a
OPTION (LOOP JOIN, MAXDOP 1, FORCE ORDER);

这将产生一个执行计划，如下所示：

将相等重写为一对相等的不相等会鼓励使用索引假脱机，尽管假脱机谓词与您所追求的不完全相同，但语义最终是相同的。

没有简单的方法可以使用原始语法引入所需的索引假脱机。但是，这并不是说不可能。由于您只需要一个演示即可使用，使用它不会在生产系统附近的任何地方使用它，因此我将向您展示另一种方式：

SELECT 
    z.a
FROM dbo.t5 AS z WITH(INDEX(0))
WHERE 
    EXISTS 
    (
        SELECT y.a 
        FROM dbo.t4 AS y
        WHERE y.a = z.a
    )
OPTION (MAXDOP 1, LOOP JOIN, QUERYTRACEON 9114);

执行计划是：

索引假脱机谓词是所需的：

Seek Keys[1]: Prefix: [dbo].[t4].a = [dbo].[t5].[a] as [z].[a]

您将无法在USE PLAN提示中使用该计划，因为优化器通常不会考虑该计划。

进一步阅读：

• 嵌套循环联接和性能线轴
• 交叉应用产生外部连接