查找与给定主键关联的外键

我想要一种通过PK / FK关系建立给定数据库中的哪些列的方法。我可以通过以下方式返回给定表的PK / FK信息

SELECT *  
FROM INFORMATION_SCHEMA.KEY_COLUMN_USAGE AS cu 
WHERE EXISTS (
    SELECT tc.* 
    FROM INFORMATION_SCHEMA.TABLE_CONSTRAINTS AS tc 
    WHERE tc.CONSTRAINT_CATALOG = 'MyDatabase'  
        AND tc.TABLE_NAME = 'MyTable'  
        /*AND tc.CONSTRAINT_TYPE = 'PRIMARY KEY'*/
        AND tc.CONSTRAINT_NAME = cu.CONSTRAINT_NAME);
GO

但是对于从这样的查询返回的PK，我如何建立关联的FK（假设有一个）？

我知道您也可以通过以下方式获取引用的表：

SELECT CONSTRAINT_NAME = name, 
       FOREIGN_SCHEMA = OBJECT_SCHEMA_NAME(parent_object_id), 
       FOREIGN_TABLE = OBJECT_NAME(parent_object_id), 
       REFERENCED_SCHEMA = OBJECT_SCHEMA_NAME(referenced_object_id), 
       REFERENCED_TABLE = OBJECT_NAME(referenced_object_id) 
FROM sys.foreign_keys
WHERE OBJECT_NAME(referenced_object_id) = 'MyTable';
GO

但是我现在正在努力获取显式的列引用。

我正在为QlikView创建脚本生成器。要生成脚本，我需要约束和关联的链接。我需要任何给定列（如果有）的所有约束信息。

我想构造一个数据库类，其中包含给定数据库的所有信息。database.table.column.constraints然后将使用该类结构来获取PK / FK上不同列之间的匹配项。

显然，某些列将仅具有FK，在这种情况下，我还想检索相应键的PK信息；有些人只有PK，然后我要相反。当然可以同时拥有两者。

这是一个简单的查询，用于将外键与其引用的表/列进行匹配：

SELECT
    o1.name AS FK_table,
    c1.name AS FK_column,
    fk.name AS FK_name,
    o2.name AS PK_table,
    c2.name AS PK_column,
    pk.name AS PK_name,
    fk.delete_referential_action_desc AS Delete_Action,
    fk.update_referential_action_desc AS Update_Action
FROM sys.objects o1
    INNER JOIN sys.foreign_keys fk
        ON o1.object_id = fk.parent_object_id
    INNER JOIN sys.foreign_key_columns fkc
        ON fk.object_id = fkc.constraint_object_id
    INNER JOIN sys.columns c1
        ON fkc.parent_object_id = c1.object_id
        AND fkc.parent_column_id = c1.column_id
    INNER JOIN sys.columns c2
        ON fkc.referenced_object_id = c2.object_id
        AND fkc.referenced_column_id = c2.column_id
    INNER JOIN sys.objects o2
        ON fk.referenced_object_id = o2.object_id
    INNER JOIN sys.key_constraints pk
        ON fk.referenced_object_id = pk.parent_object_id
        AND fk.key_index_id = pk.unique_index_id
ORDER BY o1.name, o2.name, fkc.constraint_column_id

输出有八列：外键的表和列名称（FK_table，FK_column），外键约束的名称（FK_name），引用的PK或唯一索引表和列名称（PK_table，PK_column），引用的PK或唯一索引的名称（PK_name），以及更新/删除级联操作（Delete_Action，Update_Action）。

（已编辑以添加更多输出列。）

编辑： 6年后的改进版本又回来了。我意识到原始查询不能真正很好地处理多列外键，而且我还希望能够快速识别禁用，不可信或未索引的外键。因此，这是纠正所有问题的新版本。

多列键在FK_columns和PK_columns中以传统的FOR XML/ STUFF滥用形式显示为逗号分隔的列表。该FK_indexes列显示了外键表上可能用于满足使用外键列进行的查找的所有索引的名称（主要用于优化对主键表的删除或更新）。如果是NULL，则您有未索引的外键。如果要按PK表名称排序，为特定的PK / FK表过滤等ORDER BY，可以调整或添加一个WHERE子句（在下面注释）。

SELECT
    fk.is_disabled,
    fk.is_not_trusted,
    OBJECT_SCHEMA_NAME(o1.object_id) AS FK_schema,
    o1.name AS FK_table,
    --Generate list of columns in referring side of foreign key
    STUFF(
        (
            SELECT ', ' + c1.name AS [text()]
            FROM sys.columns c1 INNER
                JOIN sys.foreign_key_columns fkc
                    ON c1.object_id = fkc.parent_object_id
                    AND c1.column_id = fkc.parent_column_id
            WHERE fkc.constraint_object_id = fk.object_id
            FOR XML PATH('')
        ), 1, 2, '') AS FK_columns,
    --Look for any indexes that will fully satisfy the foreign key columns
    STUFF(
        (
            SELECT ', ' + i.name AS [text()]
            FROM sys.indexes i
            WHERE i.object_id = o1.object_id
                AND NOT EXISTS ( --Find foreign key columns that don't match the index key columns
                    SELECT fkc.constraint_column_id, fkc.parent_column_id
                    FROM sys.foreign_key_columns fkc
                    WHERE fkc.constraint_object_id = fk.object_id
                    EXCEPT
                    SELECT ic.key_ordinal, ic.column_id
                    FROM sys.index_columns ic
                    WHERE ic.object_id = i.object_id AND ic.index_id = i.index_id
                )
            FOR XML PATH('')
        ), 1, 2, '') AS FK_indexes,
    fk.name AS FK_name,
    OBJECT_SCHEMA_NAME(o2.object_id) AS PK_schema,
    o2.name AS PK_table,
    --Generate list of columns in referenced (i.e. PK) side of foreign key
    STUFF(
        (
            SELECT ', ' + c2.name AS [text()]
            FROM sys.columns c2
                INNER JOIN sys.foreign_key_columns fkc
                    ON c2.object_id = fkc.referenced_object_id
                    AND c2.column_id = fkc.referenced_column_id
            WHERE fkc.constraint_object_id = fk.object_id
            FOR XML PATH('')
        ), 1, 2, '') AS PK_columns,
    pk.name AS PK_name,
    fk.delete_referential_action_desc AS Delete_Action,
    fk.update_referential_action_desc AS Update_Action
FROM sys.objects o1
    INNER JOIN sys.foreign_keys fk
        ON o1.object_id = fk.parent_object_id
    INNER JOIN sys.objects o2
        ON fk.referenced_object_id = o2.object_id
    INNER JOIN sys.key_constraints pk
        ON fk.referenced_object_id = pk.parent_object_id
        AND fk.key_index_id = pk.unique_index_id
--WHERE o2.name = 'Company_Address'
ORDER BY o1.name, o2.name

该查询为您提供了数据库中所有FK关系的网-FK约束名称，引用表的架构/表，引用列名称，引用表的架构/表以及引用列名称。多列约束将有多行。

SELECT 
    FK = OBJECT_NAME(pt.constraint_object_id),
    Referencing_table = QUOTENAME(OBJECT_SCHEMA_NAME(pt.parent_object_id))
            + '.' + QUOTENAME(OBJECT_NAME(pt.parent_object_id)),
    Referencing_col = QUOTENAME(pc.name), 
    Referenced_table = QUOTENAME(OBJECT_SCHEMA_NAME(pt.referenced_object_id)) 
            + '.' + QUOTENAME(OBJECT_NAME(pt.referenced_object_id)),
    Referenced_col = QUOTENAME(rc.name)
FROM sys.foreign_key_columns AS pt
INNER JOIN sys.columns AS pc
ON pt.parent_object_id = pc.[object_id]
AND pt.parent_column_id = pc.column_id
INNER JOIN sys.columns AS rc
ON pt.referenced_column_id = rc.column_id
AND pt.referenced_object_id = rc.[object_id]
ORDER BY Referencing_table, FK, pt.constraint_column_id;

如果您在特定主键约束的列之后，并且已经知道该PK约束的名称，则可以这样编写：

DECLARE @PK_Constraint SYSNAME = N'Name of PK constraint';

SELECT
    FK = OBJECT_NAME(fkc.constraint_object_id),
    Referencing_table = QUOTENAME(OBJECT_SCHEMA_NAME(fkc.parent_object_id))
            + '.' + QUOTENAME(OBJECT_NAME(fkc.parent_object_id)),
    Referencing_col = QUOTENAME(pc.name), 
    Referenced_table = QUOTENAME(OBJECT_SCHEMA_NAME(fkc.referenced_object_id)) 
            + '.' + QUOTENAME(OBJECT_NAME(fkc.referenced_object_id)),
    Referenced_col = QUOTENAME(rc.name)
FROM sys.foreign_key_columns AS fkc
INNER JOIN sys.columns AS pc
ON fkc.parent_object_id = pc.[object_id]
AND fkc.parent_column_id = pc.column_id
INNER JOIN sys.columns AS rc
ON fkc.referenced_column_id = rc.column_id
AND fkc.referenced_object_id = rc.[object_id]
WHERE EXISTS 
(
  SELECT 1 FROM sys.indexes AS i
  INNER JOIN sys.foreign_keys AS fk
  ON i.[object_id] = fk.referenced_object_id
  AND i.index_id = fk.key_index_id
  AND fk.[object_id] = fkc.constraint_object_id
  AND i.name = @PK_Constraint
)
ORDER BY Referencing_table, FK, fkc.constraint_column_id;

如果您只想包含PK名称以及其他信息：

SELECT 
    FK = OBJECT_NAME(fkc.constraint_object_id),
    Referencing_table = QUOTENAME(OBJECT_SCHEMA_NAME(fkc.parent_object_id))
            + '.' + QUOTENAME(OBJECT_NAME(fkc.parent_object_id)),
    Referencing_col = QUOTENAME(pc.name),
    Referenced_table = QUOTENAME(OBJECT_SCHEMA_NAME(fkc.referenced_object_id)) 
            + '.' + QUOTENAME(OBJECT_NAME(fkc.referenced_object_id)),
    Referenced_col = QUOTENAME(rc.name),
    PK = pk.name
FROM sys.foreign_key_columns AS fkc
INNER JOIN sys.columns AS pc
ON fkc.parent_object_id = pc.[object_id]
AND fkc.parent_column_id = pc.column_id
INNER JOIN sys.columns AS rc
ON fkc.referenced_column_id = rc.column_id
AND fkc.referenced_object_id = rc.[object_id]
INNER JOIN (SELECT i.name, fk.[object_id]
  FROM sys.indexes AS i
  INNER JOIN sys.foreign_keys AS fk
  ON i.[object_id] = fk.referenced_object_id
  AND i.index_id = fk.key_index_id
) AS pk
ON pk.[object_id] = fkc.constraint_object_id
ORDER BY Referencing_table, FK, fkc.constraint_column_id;

还有一些技巧可以使列列表进入逗号分隔的列表或单独的列中，而不是分散在行中，但是在我不知道确切的格式之前，我不会花钱去修改这些查询以产生该列你在追。