如何以扩展的树状方式对递归查询的结果进行排序？

假设您有一个nodes这样的表：

CREATE TABLE nodes
(
    node serial PRIMARY KEY,
    parent integer NULL REFERENCES nodes(node),
    ts timestamp NOT NULL DEFAULT now()
);

它代表一个标准的类节点树结构，其中根节点在顶部，几个子节点与根节点或其他子节点悬挂在一起。

让我们插入几个示例值：

INSERT INTO nodes (parent)
VALUES (NULL), (NULL), (NULL), (NULL), (1), (1), (1), (1), (6), (1)
     , (6), (9), (6), (6), (3), (3), (3), (15);

现在，我要检索前10个根节点及其所有子节点，深度为4：

WITH RECURSIVE node_rec AS
(
    (SELECT 1 AS depth, * FROM nodes WHERE parent IS NULL LIMIT 10)

    UNION ALL

    SELECT depth + 1, n.*
    FROM nodes AS n JOIN node_rec ON (n.parent = node_rec.node)
    WHERE depth < 4
)
SELECT * FROM node_rec;

这很好用，并给我以下结果：

 depth | node | parent 
-------+------+--------
     1 |  1   |
     1 |  2   |
     1 |  3   |
     1 |  4   |
     2 |  5   |  1
     2 |  6   |  1
     2 |  7   |  1
     2 |  8   |  1
     2 | 10   |  1
     2 | 15   |  3
     2 | 16   |  3
     2 | 17   |  3
     3 |  9   |  6
     3 | 11   |  6
     3 | 13   |  6
     3 | 14   |  6
     3 | 18   | 15
     4 | 12   |  9

您可能已经注意到，由于没有ORDER BY子句，因此未定义顺序。您在此处看到的顺序是从根节点到更深的节点。

从下面的示例图片中可以看到，如何对结果显示在展开的树状视图中进行排序？

我基本上希望将子节点放置在其相应的父节点之后。如果两个或多个子节点具有相同的父节点，我希望它们按照其时间戳进行排序。基于上面的示例，这是我尝试实现的所需输出顺序：

 depth | node | parent | ts
-------+------+--------+---------
     1 |  1   |        | 2014-01-01 00:00:00
     2 |  5   |     1  | 2014-01-01 00:10:00
     2 |  6   |     1  | 2014-01-01 00:20:00
     3 |  9   |     6  | 2014-01-01 00:25:00
     4 |  12  |     9  | 2014-01-01 00:27:00
     3 |  11  |     6  | 2014-01-01 00:26:00
     3 |  13  |     6  | 2014-01-01 00:30:00
     3 |  14  |     6  | 2014-01-01 00:36:00
     2 |  7   |     1  | 2014-01-01 00:21:00
     2 |  8   |     1  | 2014-01-01 00:22:00
     2 |  10  |     1  | 2014-01-01 00:23:00
     1 |  2   |        | 2014-01-01 00:08:00
     1 |  3   |        | 2014-01-01 00:09:00
     2 |  15  |     3  | 2014-01-01 10:00:00
     3 |  18  |     15 | 2014-01-01 11:05:00
     2 |  16  |     3  | 2014-01-01 11:00:00
     2 |  17  |     3  | 2014-01-01 12:00:00
     1 |  4   |        | 2014-01-01 00:10:00

表示从根到叶的路径的数组应达到所需的排序顺序：

WITH RECURSIVE node_rec AS (
   (SELECT 1 AS depth, ARRAY[node] AS path, *
    FROM   nodes
    WHERE  parent IS NULL
    LIMIT  10
   )    
    UNION ALL
    SELECT r.depth + 1, r.path || n.node, n.*
    FROM   node_rec r 
    JOIN   nodes    n ON n.parent = r.node
    WHERE  r.depth < 4
)
SELECT *
FROM   node_rec
ORDER  BY path;

如果两个或多个子节点具有相同的父节点，我希望它们按照其时间戳进行排序。

将路径向根方向移动一个，并按该列的顺序进行排序：

WITH RECURSIVE node_rec AS (
   (SELECT 1 AS depth, ARRAY[node] AS path, *
    FROM   nodes
    WHERE  parent IS NULL
    LIMIT  10
   )    
    UNION ALL
    SELECT r.depth + 1, r.path || n.parent, n.*
    FROM   node_rec r 
    JOIN   nodes    n ON n.parent = r.node
    WHERE  r.depth < 4
)
SELECT *
FROM   node_rec
ORDER  BY path, ts;