OpenGL ES使用纹理创建模具效果

环境

这是我正在工作的环境：

• OpenGL ES 2.0
• iPhone模拟器和iPhone 4
• 使用NVIDIA GeForce GTX 680MX的iMac 27“ 2048 MB

希望能有所帮助。

问题

正在从多个来源和多个站点（包括Stackoverflow）进行高低搜索，但是没有有效的模具效果。

我所拥有的是：

黑色的“ S” 不是多边形，而是在与背景图像相同的宽度和高度的矩形四边形上绘制的纹理。

我正在尝试做一个模版效果，其中背景和黄色小家伙只有在黑色“ S”纹理内时才可见。

在我的片段着色器中，我有以下内容：

varying lowp vec4 destinationColor;

varying lowp vec2 TexCoordOut;
uniform sampler2D Texture;
uniform highp float TexScale;

void main()
{
    highp vec4 color = texture2D(Texture, TexCoordOut);

    if(color.a == 0.0)
    {
        discard;
    }

    gl_FragColor = color;
}

对于我的设置深度模板缓冲区，我将其设置如下：

-(void)setupDepthStencilBuffer
{
    GLint width;
    GLint height;

    glGetRenderbufferParameteriv(GL_RENDERBUFFER, GL_RENDERBUFFER_WIDTH, &width);
    glGetRenderbufferParameteriv(GL_RENDERBUFFER, GL_RENDERBUFFER_HEIGHT, &height);

    glGenBuffers(1, &depthStencilBuffer);
    glBindRenderbuffer(GL_RENDERBUFFER, depthStencilBuffer);
    glRenderbufferStorage(GL_RENDERBUFFER, GL_DEPTH24_STENCIL8_OES, width, height);
    //glFramebufferRenderbuffer(GL_FRAMEBUFFER, GL_DEPTH_COMPONENT24_OES, width, height);

    NSLog(@"depthStencilBuffer = %d", depthStencilBuffer);
}

根据Apple的文档（我认为已经过时）：

http://developer.apple.com/library/ios/#documentation/3DDrawing/Conceptual/OpenGLES_ProgrammingGuide/WorkingwithEAGLContexts/WorkingwithEAGLContexts.html#//apple_ref/doc/uid/TP40008793-CH103-SW1

请注意，当我尝试在Xcode中键入GL_RGBA枚举之类的东西时，这些东西并不存在（我认为Apple必须删除它并使其过时）。

我也尝试了苹果公司在上面的链接中定义所谓的“深度/模板”缓冲区的方法，但是在下面给出了相同的错误。

我上面的代码是创建模板缓冲区的方式。

在我的setupFrameBuffer（）方法中，我将其附加为：

-(void)setupFrameBuffer
{
    GLuint frameBuffer;

    glGenBuffers(1, &frameBuffer);
    glBindFramebuffer(GL_FRAMEBUFFER, frameBuffer);
    glFramebufferRenderbuffer(GL_FRAMEBUFFER, GL_COLOR_ATTACHMENT0, GL_RENDERBUFFER, colorRenderBuffer);
    glFramebufferRenderbuffer(GL_FRAMEBUFFER, GL_STENCIL_ATTACHMENT, GL_RENDERBUFFER, depthStencilBuffer);

    GLenum status = glCheckFramebufferStatus(GL_FRAMEBUFFER);

    if(status != GL_FRAMEBUFFER_COMPLETE)
    {
        NSLog(@"failed to make complete framebuffer object %x", status);
    }
}

如上所示，将其附加时出现的错误是：

无法制作完整的帧缓冲对象8cd6

对于我的渲染方法，我有：

-(void)render:(CADisplayLink *)displayLink
{
    glClearColor(0.5f, 0.5f, 0.5f, 1.0f);
    glClear(GL_COLOR_BUFFER_BIT | GL_STENCIL_BUFFER_BIT);



    glClearStencil(0);
    glEnable(GL_STENCIL_TEST);

    // ----------------------------------------
    // Don't write to color or depth buffer
    // ----------------------------------------
    glColorMask(GL_FALSE, GL_FALSE, GL_FALSE, GL_FALSE);
    glDepthMask(GL_FALSE);

    glStencilOp(GL_KEEP, GL_KEEP, GL_REPLACE);

    // ----------------------------------------
    // First set the alpha test so that
    // fragments greather than threshold
    // will pass thus will set nonzero
    // bits masked by 1 in stencil
    // ----------------------------------------
    glStencilFunc(GL_ALWAYS, 1, 1);

    // ----------------------------------------------------------------
    // Drawing our stencil
    // ----------------------------------------------------------------

    glBindBuffer(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, bgVBO);
    glBindBuffer(GL_ELEMENT_ARRAY_BUFFER, bgIBO);

    glActiveTexture(GL_TEXTURE0);
    glBindTexture(GL_TEXTURE_2D, stencilTexture);
    glUniform1i(textureUniform, 0);

    glVertexAttribPointer(positionSlot, 3, GL_FLOAT, GL_FALSE, sizeof(Vertex), 0);
    glVertexAttribPointer(colorSlot, 4, GL_FLOAT, GL_FALSE, sizeof(Vertex), (const void *)(sizeof(GLfloat) * 3));
    glVertexAttribPointer(texCoordSlot, 2, GL_FLOAT, GL_FALSE, sizeof(Vertex), (const void *)(sizeof(GLfloat) * 7));

    glDrawElements(GL_TRIANGLE_FAN, sizeof(bgIndices)/sizeof(bgIndices[0]), GL_UNSIGNED_BYTE, 0);

    /*
    // -----------------------------------------
    // Second pass of the fragments less
    // or equal than the threshold will pass
    // thus will set zero bits masked by 1
    // in stencil
    // -----------------------------------------
    glStencilFunc(GL_ALWAYS, 0, 1);

    glBindBuffer(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, bgVBO);
    glBindBuffer(GL_ELEMENT_ARRAY_BUFFER, bgIBO);

    glActiveTexture(GL_TEXTURE0);
    glBindTexture(GL_TEXTURE_2D, stencilTexture);
    glUniform1i(textureUniform, 0);

    glVertexAttribPointer(positionSlot, 3, GL_FLOAT, GL_FALSE, sizeof(Vertex), 0);
    glVertexAttribPointer(colorSlot, 4, GL_FLOAT, GL_FALSE, sizeof(Vertex), (const void *)(sizeof(GLfloat) * 3));
    glVertexAttribPointer(texCoordSlot, 2, GL_FLOAT, GL_FALSE, sizeof(Vertex), (const void *)(sizeof(GLfloat) * 7));

    glDrawElements(GL_TRIANGLE_STRIP, sizeof(bgIndices)/sizeof(bgIndices[0]), GL_UNSIGNED_BYTE, 0);
    */


    // ---------------------------------------------------
    // RE-ENABLING THE COLOR AND DEPTH MASK AGAIN
    // TO DRAW REST OF THE SCENE AFTER STENCIL
    // ---------------------------------------------------
    glColorMask(GL_TRUE, GL_TRUE, GL_TRUE, GL_TRUE);
    glDepthMask(GL_TRUE);




    Mat4 frustrumMatrix = [CameraMatrix createOrthographicMatrixUsingLeft:-(self.bounds.size.width / 2.0)
                                                                       Right:(self.bounds.size.width / 2.0)
                                                                      Bottom:-(self.bounds.size.height / 2.0)
                                                                         Top:(self.bounds.size.height / 2.0)
                                                                        Near:-1.0f
                                                                         Far:1.0f];

    glUniformMatrix4fv(projectionUniform, 1, 0, frustrumMatrix.matrix);

    glViewport(0, 0, self.bounds.size.width * self.contentScaleFactor, self.bounds.size.height * self.contentScaleFactor);

    // ----------------------------------------------------------------
    // Drawing our background first
    // ----------------------------------------------------------------

    glBindBuffer(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, bgVBO);
    glBindBuffer(GL_ELEMENT_ARRAY_BUFFER, bgIBO);

    glActiveTexture(GL_TEXTURE0);
    glBindTexture(GL_TEXTURE_2D, bgTexture);
    glUniform1i(textureUniform, 0);

    glVertexAttribPointer(positionSlot, 3, GL_FLOAT, GL_FALSE, sizeof(Vertex), 0);
    glVertexAttribPointer(colorSlot, 4, GL_FLOAT, GL_FALSE, sizeof(Vertex), (const void *)(sizeof(GLfloat) * 3));
    glVertexAttribPointer(texCoordSlot, 2, GL_FLOAT, GL_FALSE, sizeof(Vertex), (const void *)(sizeof(GLfloat) * 7));

    glDrawElements(GL_TRIANGLE_FAN, sizeof(bgIndices)/sizeof(bgIndices[0]), GL_UNSIGNED_BYTE, 0);



    glBindBuffer(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, vertexBuffer);
    glBindBuffer(GL_ELEMENT_ARRAY_BUFFER, indexBuffer);


    glActiveTexture(GL_TEXTURE0);
    glBindTexture(GL_TEXTURE_2D, floorTexture);
    glUniform1i(textureUniform, 0);


    glVertexAttribPointer(positionSlot, 3, GL_FLOAT, GL_FALSE, sizeof(Vertex), 0);
    glVertexAttribPointer(colorSlot, 4, GL_FLOAT, GL_FALSE, sizeof(Vertex), (const void *)(sizeof(GLfloat) * 3));

    glVertexAttribPointer(texCoordSlot, 2, GL_FLOAT, GL_FALSE, sizeof(Vertex), (const void *)(sizeof(GLfloat) * 7));

    glDrawElements(GL_TRIANGLE_FAN, sizeof(Indices)/sizeof(Indices[0]), GL_UNSIGNED_BYTE, 0);

    glBlendFunc(GL_SRC_ALPHA, GL_ONE_MINUS_SRC_ALPHA);
    glEnable(GL_BLEND);

    [context presentRenderbuffer:GL_RENDERBUFFER];
}

结果显然是一个粉红色的屏幕，这意味着我的设置是错误的：

任何人都可以阐明一下吗？

解决方案

地狱呀！

我现在是一个快乐的家伙！：D

好的，我终于设法使Stencil处理纹理:)

（在此过程中还学到了很多东西，例如，我们可以检查color.alpha并使用“丢弃”作为去除透明像素的方法，而glBlend（GL_SRC_ALPHA，GL_ONE_MINUS_SRC_ALPHA）的技巧就变得过时了）

因此，我注意到我做错的第一件事是错误地为模板缓冲区生成了名称。

在上述问题的源代码中，我输入了：

glGenBuffers(1, &depthStencilBuffer);

这实际上应该是：

glGenRenderbuffers(1, &depthStencilBuffer);

天哪！

第二，我注释掉了重要的第二个glStencilFunc（），它需要调用：

glStencilFunc(GL_ALWAYS, 1, 1);
glStencilOp(GL_KEEP, GL_KEEP, GL_REPLACE);

// draw black 'S' textured quad here

. . .

// -----------------------------------
// I WAS MISSING THIS IMPORTANT LINE
// -----------------------------------
glStencilFunc(GL_ALWAYS, 0, 1);
glStencilOp(GL_KEEP, GL_KEEP, GL_KEEP);

/* draw the rest of the scene here (the background and yellow guy) */

最终结果：

希望对其他尝试使用纹理特征的酷模具的人有所帮助：D

我还修改了许多其他源代码，但这两个是使它正常工作的主要更改。

一些有用的更改也帮助我调试了问题：

• 我发现我不需要将深度缓冲区附加到我的帧缓冲区即可工作
• 我也不需要清除GL_DEPTH_BUFFER_BIT
• 我使用额外的if-else条件将setupFrameBuffer（）方法更改为此，以明确指出可能的错误。

新的setupFrameBuffer（）方法：

-(void)setupFrameBuffer
{
    GLuint frameBuffer;

    glGenBuffers(1, &frameBuffer);
    glBindFramebuffer(GL_FRAMEBUFFER, frameBuffer);
    glFramebufferRenderbuffer(GL_FRAMEBUFFER, GL_COLOR_ATTACHMENT0, GL_RENDERBUFFER, colorRenderBuffer);
    //glFramebufferRenderbuffer(GL_FRAMEBUFFER, GL_DEPTH_ATTACHMENT, GL_RENDERBUFFER, depthStencilBuffer);
    glFramebufferRenderbuffer(GL_FRAMEBUFFER, GL_STENCIL_ATTACHMENT, GL_RENDERBUFFER, depthStencilBuffer);

    GLenum status = glCheckFramebufferStatus(GL_FRAMEBUFFER);

    if(status == GL_FRAMEBUFFER_COMPLETE)
    {
        NSLog(@"framebuffer complete");
        //NSLog(@"failed to make complete framebuffer object %x", status);
    }
    else if(status == GL_FRAMEBUFFER_INCOMPLETE_ATTACHMENT)
    {
        NSLog(@"incomplete framebuffer attachments");
    }
    else if(status == GL_FRAMEBUFFER_INCOMPLETE_MISSING_ATTACHMENT)
    {
        NSLog(@"incomplete missing framebuffer attachments");
    }
    else if(status == GL_FRAMEBUFFER_INCOMPLETE_DIMENSIONS)
    {
        NSLog(@"incomplete framebuffer attachments dimensions");
    }
    else if(status == GL_FRAMEBUFFER_UNSUPPORTED)
    {
        NSLog(@"combination of internal formats used by attachments in thef ramebuffer results in a nonrednerable target");
    }
}