将多个SpatialPolygonDataFrames合并到R中的1个SPDF中？

我在QGIS中创建了2个多边形。在R中使用它们，多边形将自动变为SpatialPolygonsDataFrame（SPDF）。我想将它们合并为单个SPDF（这在ArcGis中使用Tool Merge极为简单）。我确信应该有一种简单的方法来完成R中的操作，但是我找不到方法。该合并功能似乎只合并data.frames，聚合函数溶解多个多边形为一个SHP，gIntersect（由打字加入功能）返回逻辑值，而不是在所有的SPDF。

数据可在此处获取：http : //ulozto.cz/xpoo5jfL/ab-zip

library(sp)
library(raster)
library(rgeos)
library(spatstat)
library(rgdal)     
library(maptools)

setwd("C:/...")
a<-readOGR(dsn=getwd(), layer="pol.a")
b<- readOGR(dsn=getwd(), layer="pol.b")

ab<-merge(a, b)  # what tool if not "merge" to use??

如果您不需要合并拓扑，而只需添加新的多边形，则可以简单地使用：

ab <- rbind(a,b)

如果收到“非唯一的多边形ID插槽值”错误，则表示对象的行名相同。要解决此问题，您可以使用spChFID更改行名和关联的插槽关系。由于对象中的插槽使用行名称来关联对象，因此您不能只更改@data插槽中的row.name。

b <- spChFIDs(b, paste("b", row.names(b), sep="."))

raster软件包中的union（union_sp）函数正在执行此操作，并且在后台从rgeos调用gIntersects，这是一个非常方便的辅助函数。

****编辑08-06-2018有一个未记录的参数，可用于跳过重复的ID问题。

ab <- rbind(a, b, makeUniqueIDs = TRUE) 

@mdsumner提供的超级简单的解决方案：

library(sp)
library(raster)
library(rgeos)
library(spatstat)
library(rgdal)     
library(maptools)

setwd("C:/...")
a<-readOGR(dsn=getwd(), layer="pol.a")
b<- readOGR(dsn=getwd(), layer="pol.b")

# use union in {raster} package ?raster::union
ab<-union(a, b)

导致：

类（ab）

[1] "SpatialPolygonsDataFrame"
attr(,"package")
[1] "sp"

library(sp)
data(meuse)
plot(meuse)
slotNames(meuse) #".Data"     "names"     "row.names" ".S3Class" 
coordinates(meuse) <- ~x+y #Add "ID" column to "meuse"
slotNames(meuse) #[1] "data"        "coords.nrs"  "coords"      "bbox"        "proj4string"
class(meuse) #[1] "SpatialPointsDataFrame"
names(meuse@data)
#[1] "cadmium" "copper"  "lead"    "zinc"    "elev"    "dist"    "om"      "ffreq"   "soil"    "lime"   
#[11] "landuse" "dist.m"
meuse@data <- data.frame(ID=1:nrow(meuse), meuse@data) #adds an ID field
names(meuse@data)
#[1] "ID"      "cadmium" "copper"  "lead"    "zinc"    "elev"    "dist"    "om"      "ffreq"   "soil"   
#[11] "lime"    "landuse" "dist.m" 
#Create a data.frame "df.new" with "IDS" (note different name) and "y" columns.
meuse_table.df <- data.frame(IDS=1:nrow(meuse), y=runif(nrow(meuse)))
class(meuse_table.df) #"data.frame"
#Now we can merge "df.new" to "meuse" (@data slot)
meuse <- merge(meuse, meuse_table.df, by.x = "ID", by.y = "IDS")
#create a new file named meuse, consisting of a merge of:
#   the meuse spatial points (from the original)
#   the dataframe created from the original, using the data.frame command
#   BY the field "ID" in the spatialpointsdataframe
#   By the field "IDS" in the tabular dataframe (df.new) 
head(meuse@data)
# I think the source of unease is that adding an ID field to both files 
#is based on them having the same number of rows in the same order. 
#in ArcGIS, this would be an unreasonable and dangerous assumption.
#R seems to have some sort of 'innate' key field, based on the order read it. 
#This is all great when splitting one file, and merging it back together.
#but what about two files? 
#I think it can be done, but it's a three-step process. 
#First, merge the polygons. Add an ID field, as above.
#Second, merge the tables (as dataframes), and add ID's. as above. 
#Third, attach the merged tables to the merged polygons. 
#For it to work, the order of things in the merge (polgyons, dataframe) needs be identfical.