有人可以演示一种简单的方法将几何数据结构从形状写入shapefile吗？我对带有孔和线串的多边形特别感兴趣。远离arcpy也将是有益的（因此osgeo，pyshp等都会更好）。
有人可以演示一种简单的方法将几何数据结构从形状写入shapefile吗？我对带有孔和线串的多边形特别感兴趣。远离arcpy也将是有益的（因此osgeo，pyshp等都会更好）。
Answers:
众所周知的二进制文件是一种很好的二进制交换格式，可以与许多GIS软件（包括Shapely和GDAL / OGR）进行交换。
这是带有以下内容的工作流程的一个小示例osgeo.ogr：
from osgeo import ogr
from shapely.geometry import Polygon
# Here's an example Shapely geometry
poly = Polygon([(0, 0), (0, 1), (1, 1), (0, 0)])
# Now convert it to a shapefile with OGR
driver = ogr.GetDriverByName('Esri Shapefile')
ds = driver.CreateDataSource('my.shp')
layer = ds.CreateLayer('', None, ogr.wkbPolygon)
# Add one attribute
layer.CreateField(ogr.FieldDefn('id', ogr.OFTInteger))
defn = layer.GetLayerDefn()
## If there are multiple geometries, put the "for" loop here
# Create a new feature (attribute and geometry)
feat = ogr.Feature(defn)
feat.SetField('id', 123)
# Make a geometry, from Shapely object
geom = ogr.CreateGeometryFromWkb(poly.wkb)
feat.SetGeometry(geom)
layer.CreateFeature(feat)
feat = geom = None # destroy these
# Save and close everything
ds = layer = feat = geom = None
更新：尽管发布者已经接受了GDAL / OGR的答案，但这是与Fiona等效的内容：
from shapely.geometry import mapping, Polygon
import fiona
# Here's an example Shapely geometry
poly = Polygon([(0, 0), (0, 1), (1, 1), (0, 0)])
# Define a polygon feature geometry with one attribute
schema = {
'geometry': 'Polygon',
'properties': {'id': 'int'},
}
# Write a new Shapefile
with fiona.open('my_shp2.shp', 'w', 'ESRI Shapefile', schema) as c:
## If there are multiple geometries, put the "for" loop here
c.write({
'geometry': mapping(poly),
'properties': {'id': 123},
})
（请注意Windows用户：您没有任何借口）
我设计的Fiona与Shapely可以很好地协作。这是一个非常简单的示例，将它们一起使用以“清理” shapefile功能：
import logging
import sys
from shapely.geometry import mapping, shape
import fiona
logging.basicConfig(stream=sys.stderr, level=logging.INFO)
with fiona.open('docs/data/test_uk.shp', 'r') as source:
# **source.meta is a shortcut to get the crs, driver, and schema
# keyword arguments from the source Collection.
with fiona.open(
'with-shapely.shp', 'w',
**source.meta) as sink:
for f in source:
try:
geom = shape(f['geometry'])
if not geom.is_valid:
clean = geom.buffer(0.0)
assert clean.is_valid
assert clean.geom_type == 'Polygon'
geom = clean
f['geometry'] = mapping(geom)
sink.write(f)
except Exception, e:
# Writing uncleanable features to a different shapefile
# is another option.
logging.exception("Error cleaning feature %s:", f['id'])
从https://github.com/Toblerity/Fiona/blob/master/examples/with-shapely.py。
您也可以使用PyShp编写Shapely几何形状（因为原始海报也询问了PyShp）。
一种方法是将您的形状几何体转换为geojson（使用shapely.geometry.mapping方法），然后使用我修改后的PyShp分支，它提供了Writer方法，该方法在写入shapefile时接受geojson几何字典。
如果您想依靠主要的PyShp版本，我还在下面提供了转换功能：
# THIS FUNCTION CONVERTS A GEOJSON GEOMETRY DICTIONARY TO A PYSHP SHAPE OBJECT
def shapely_to_pyshp(shapelygeom):
# first convert shapely to geojson
try:
shapelytogeojson = shapely.geometry.mapping
except:
import shapely.geometry
shapelytogeojson = shapely.geometry.mapping
geoj = shapelytogeojson(shapelygeom)
# create empty pyshp shape
record = shapefile._Shape()
# set shapetype
if geoj["type"] == "Null":
pyshptype = 0
elif geoj["type"] == "Point":
pyshptype = 1
elif geoj["type"] == "LineString":
pyshptype = 3
elif geoj["type"] == "Polygon":
pyshptype = 5
elif geoj["type"] == "MultiPoint":
pyshptype = 8
elif geoj["type"] == "MultiLineString":
pyshptype = 3
elif geoj["type"] == "MultiPolygon":
pyshptype = 5
record.shapeType = pyshptype
# set points and parts
if geoj["type"] == "Point":
record.points = geoj["coordinates"]
record.parts = [0]
elif geoj["type"] in ("MultiPoint","Linestring"):
record.points = geoj["coordinates"]
record.parts = [0]
elif geoj["type"] in ("Polygon"):
record.points = geoj["coordinates"][0]
record.parts = [0]
elif geoj["type"] in ("MultiPolygon","MultiLineString"):
index = 0
points = []
parts = []
for eachmulti in geoj["coordinates"]:
points.extend(eachmulti[0])
parts.append(index)
index += len(eachmulti[0])
record.points = points
record.parts = parts
return record
只需将函数复制并粘贴到您自己的脚本中，然后调用它即可将任何形状的几何体转换为pyshp兼容的形状。要保存它们，您只需将每个生成的pyshp形状附加到shapefile.Writer实例的._shapes列表中（有关示例，请参见本文底部的测试脚本）。
但是请注意：该函数将不会处理任何内部多边形孔（如果有的话），它只会忽略它们。当然可以将该功能添加到功能中，但是我还没有打扰。欢迎提出建议或进行修改以改善功能:)
这是完整的独立测试脚本：
### HOW TO SAVE SHAPEFILE FROM SHAPELY GEOMETRY USING PYSHP
# IMPORT STUFF
import shapefile
import shapely, shapely.geometry
# CREATE YOUR SHAPELY TEST INPUT
TEST_SHAPELYSHAPE = shapely.geometry.Polygon([(133,822),(422,644),(223,445),(921,154)])
#########################################################
################## END OF USER INPUT ####################
#########################################################
# DEFINE/COPY-PASTE THE SHAPELY-PYSHP CONVERSION FUNCTION
def shapely_to_pyshp(shapelygeom):
# first convert shapely to geojson
try:
shapelytogeojson = shapely.geometry.mapping
except:
import shapely.geometry
shapelytogeojson = shapely.geometry.mapping
geoj = shapelytogeojson(shapelygeom)
# create empty pyshp shape
record = shapefile._Shape()
# set shapetype
if geoj["type"] == "Null":
pyshptype = 0
elif geoj["type"] == "Point":
pyshptype = 1
elif geoj["type"] == "LineString":
pyshptype = 3
elif geoj["type"] == "Polygon":
pyshptype = 5
elif geoj["type"] == "MultiPoint":
pyshptype = 8
elif geoj["type"] == "MultiLineString":
pyshptype = 3
elif geoj["type"] == "MultiPolygon":
pyshptype = 5
record.shapeType = pyshptype
# set points and parts
if geoj["type"] == "Point":
record.points = geoj["coordinates"]
record.parts = [0]
elif geoj["type"] in ("MultiPoint","Linestring"):
record.points = geoj["coordinates"]
record.parts = [0]
elif geoj["type"] in ("Polygon"):
record.points = geoj["coordinates"][0]
record.parts = [0]
elif geoj["type"] in ("MultiPolygon","MultiLineString"):
index = 0
points = []
parts = []
for eachmulti in geoj["coordinates"]:
points.extend(eachmulti[0])
parts.append(index)
index += len(eachmulti[0])
record.points = points
record.parts = parts
return record
# WRITE TO SHAPEFILE USING PYSHP
shapewriter = shapefile.Writer()
shapewriter.field("field1")
# step1: convert shapely to pyshp using the function above
converted_shape = shapely_to_pyshp(TEST_SHAPELYSHAPE)
# step2: tell the writer to add the converted shape
shapewriter._shapes.append(converted_shape)
# add a list of attributes to go along with the shape
shapewriter.record(["empty record"])
# save it
shapewriter.save("test_shapelytopyshp.shp")
Karim的答案很老，但我使用了他的代码，并想感谢他。我用他的代码弄清楚了一件小事：如果形状类型是Polygon或Multipolygon，它可能仍然具有多个部分（内部有孔）。因此，他的部分代码应更改为
elif geoj["type"] == "Polygon":
index = 0
points = []
parts = []
for eachmulti in geoj["coordinates"]:
points.extend(eachmulti)
parts.append(index)
index += len(eachmulti)
record.points = points
record.parts = parts
elif geoj["type"] in ("MultiPolygon", "MultiLineString"):
index = 0
points = []
parts = []
for polygon in geoj["coordinates"]:
for part in polygon:
points.extend(part)
parts.append(index)
index += len(part)
record.points = points
record.parts = parts