颠倒字符串中单词的顺序

我有这个string s1 = "My name is X Y Z"，我想颠倒单词的顺序，这样s1 = "Z Y X is name My"。

我可以使用其他数组来做到这一点。我想了很辛苦，但是有可能做到这一点（不使用其他数据结构）并且时间复杂度为O（n）吗？

反转整个字符串，然后反转每个单词的字母。

第一次通过后，字符串将是

s1 = "Z Y X si eman yM"

在第二遍之后

s1 = "Z Y X is name My"

反转字符串，然后第二遍反转每个单词...

在c＃中，完全就位，而没有其他数组：

static char[] ReverseAllWords(char[] in_text)
{
    int lindex = 0;
    int rindex = in_text.Length - 1;
    if (rindex > 1)
    {
        //reverse complete phrase
        in_text = ReverseString(in_text, 0, rindex);

        //reverse each word in resultant reversed phrase
        for (rindex = 0; rindex <= in_text.Length; rindex++)
        {
            if (rindex == in_text.Length || in_text[rindex] == ' ')
            {
                in_text = ReverseString(in_text, lindex, rindex - 1);
                lindex = rindex + 1;
            }
        }
    }
    return in_text;
}

static char[] ReverseString(char[] intext, int lindex, int rindex)
{
    char tempc;
    while (lindex < rindex)
    {
        tempc = intext[lindex];
        intext[lindex++] = intext[rindex];
        intext[rindex--] = tempc;
    }
    return intext;
}

Not exactly in place, but anyway: Python:

>>> a = "These pretzels are making me thirsty"
>>> " ".join(a.split()[::-1])
'thirsty me making are pretzels These'

在Smalltalk中：

'These pretzels are making me thirsty' subStrings reduce: [:a :b| b, ' ', a]

我知道没人在乎Smalltalk，但是它对我来说是如此美丽。

如果没有至少一些额外的数据结构，您将无法进行反转。我认为交换字母时最小的结构将是单个字符作为缓冲区。它仍然可以被认为是“就地”，但并不是完全“没有额外的数据结构”。

以下是实现蜥蜴比尔描述的代码：

string words = "this is a test";

// Reverse the entire string
for(int i = 0; i < strlen(words) / 2; ++i) {
  char temp = words[i];
  words[i] = words[strlen(words) - i];
  words[strlen(words) - i] = temp;
}

// Reverse each word
for(int i = 0; i < strlen(words); ++i) {
  int wordstart = -1;
  int wordend = -1;
  if(words[i] != ' ') {
    wordstart = i;
    for(int j = wordstart; j < strlen(words); ++j) {
      if(words[j] == ' ') {
        wordend = j - 1;
        break;
      }
    }
    if(wordend == -1)
      wordend = strlen(words);
    for(int j = wordstart ; j <= (wordend + wordstart) / 2 ; ++j) {
      char temp = words[j];
      words[j] = words[wordend - (j - wordstart)];
      words[wordend - (j - wordstart)] = temp;
    }
    i = wordend;
  }
}

什么语言？如果是PHP，则可以在空间上爆炸，然后将结果传递给array_reverse。

如果不是PHP，则必须执行一些更复杂的操作，例如：

words = aString.split(" ");
for (i = 0; i < words.length; i++) {
    words[i] = words[words.length-i];
}

public static String ReverseString(String str)
{
    int word_length = 0;
    String result = "";
    for (int i=0; i<str.Length; i++)
    {
        if (str[i] == ' ')
        {
            result = " " + result;
            word_length = 0;
        } else 
        {
            result = result.Insert(word_length, str[i].ToString());
            word_length++;
        }
    }
    return result;
}

这是C＃代码。

In Python...

ip = "My name is X Y Z"
words = ip.split()
words.reverse()
print ' '.join(words)

无论如何，cookamunga使用python提供了很好的内联解决方案！

假设所有单词都用空格分隔：

#include <stdio.h>
#include <string.h>

int main()
{
    char string[] = "What are you looking at";
    int i, n = strlen(string);

    int tail = n-1;
    for(i=n-1;i>=0;i--)
    {
        if(string[i] == ' ' || i == 0)
        {
            int cursor = (i==0? i: i+1);
            while(cursor <= tail)
                printf("%c", string[cursor++]);
            printf(" ");
            tail = i-1;
        }
    }
    return 0;
}

class Program
{
    static void Main(string[] args)
    {
        string s1 =" My Name varma:;
        string[] arr = s1.Split(' ');
        Array.Reverse(arr);
        string str = string.Join(" ", arr);
        Console.WriteLine(str);
        Console.ReadLine();

    }
}

这并不完美，但现在对我有用。我不知道它是否具有O（n）运行时间btw（仍在研究它^^），但是它使用一个额外的数组来完成任务。

这可能不是您问题的最佳答案，因为我使用dest字符串保存反向版本，而不是替换源字符串中的每个单词。问题是我使用了一个名为buf的本地堆栈变量来复制所有单词，并且我不能复制但只能复制到源字符串中，因为如果源字符串为const char *类型，这将导致崩溃。

但这是我第一次写作。像这样:)好吧，blablub。这是代码：

#include <iostream>
using namespace std;

void reverse(char *des, char * const s);
int main (int argc, const char * argv[])
{    
    char* s = (char*)"reservered. rights All Saints. The 2011 (c) Copyright 11/10/11 on Pfundstein Markus by Created";
    char *x = (char*)"Dogfish! White-spotted Shark, Bullhead";

    printf("Before: |%s|\n", x);
    printf("Before: |%s|\n", s);

    char *d = (char*)malloc((strlen(s)+1)*sizeof(char));  
    char *i = (char*)malloc((strlen(x)+1)*sizeof(char));

    reverse(d,s);
    reverse(i,x);

    printf("After: |%s|\n", i);
    printf("After: |%s|\n", d);

    free (i);
    free (d);

    return 0;
}

void reverse(char *dest, char *const s) {
    // create a temporary pointer
    if (strlen(s)==0) return;
    unsigned long offset = strlen(s)+1;

    char *buf = (char*)malloc((offset)*sizeof(char));
    memset(buf, 0, offset);

    char *p;
    // iterate from end to begin and count how much words we have
    for (unsigned long i = offset; i != 0; i--) {
        p = s+i;
        // if we discover a whitespace we know that we have a whole word
        if (*p == ' ' || *p == '\0') {
            // we increment the counter
            if (*p != '\0') {
                // we write the word into the buffer
                ++p;
                int d = (int)(strlen(p)-strlen(buf));
                strncat(buf, p, d);
                strcat(buf, " ");
            }
        }
    }

    // copy the last word
    p -= 1;
    int d = (int)(strlen(p)-strlen(buf));
    strncat(buf, p, d);
    strcat(buf, "\0");

    // copy stuff to destination string
    for (int i = 0; i < offset; ++i) {
        *(dest+i)=*(buf+i);
    }

    free(buf);
}

我们可以将字符串插入堆栈中，然后在提取单词时，它们的顺序将相反。

void ReverseWords(char Arr[])
{
    std::stack<std::string> s;
    char *str;
    int length = strlen(Arr);
    str = new char[length+1];
    std::string ReversedArr;
    str = strtok(Arr," ");
    while(str!= NULL)
    {
        s.push(str);
        str = strtok(NULL," ");
    }
    while(!s.empty())
    {
        ReversedArr = s.top();
        cout << " " << ReversedArr;
        s.pop();
    }
}

这个快速的程序工作..虽然不检查极端情况。

#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
struct node
{
    char word[50];
    struct node *next;
};
struct stack
{
    struct node *top;
};
void print (struct stack *stk);
void func (struct stack **stk, char *str);
main()
{
    struct stack *stk = NULL;
    char string[500] = "the sun is yellow and the sky is blue";
    printf("\n%s\n", string);
    func (&stk, string);
    print (stk);
}
void func (struct stack **stk, char *str)
{
    char *p1 = str;
    struct node *new = NULL, *list = NULL;
    int i, j;
    if (*stk == NULL)
    {
        *stk = (struct stack*)malloc(sizeof(struct stack));
        if (*stk == NULL)
            printf("\n####### stack is not allocated #####\n");
        (*stk)->top = NULL;
    }
    i = 0;
    while (*(p1+i) != '\0')
    {
        if (*(p1+i) != ' ')
        {
            new = (struct node*)malloc(sizeof(struct node));
            if (new == NULL)
                printf("\n####### new is not allocated #####\n");
            j = 0;
            while (*(p1+i) != ' ' && *(p1+i) != '\0')
            {
                new->word[j] = *(p1 + i);
                i++;
                j++;
            }
            new->word[j++] = ' ';
            new->word[j] = '\0';
            new->next = (*stk)->top;
            (*stk)->top = new;
        }
        i++;
   }
}
void print (struct stack *stk)
{
    struct node *tmp = stk->top;
    int i;
    while (tmp != NULL)
    {
        i = 0;
        while (tmp->word[i] != '\0')
        {
            printf ("%c" , tmp->word[i]);
            i++;
        }
        tmp = tmp->next;
    }
    printf("\n");
}

这些答案大多数都无法说明输入字符串中的前导和/或尾随空格。考虑...的情况str=" Hello world"...反转整个字符串和反转单个单词的简单算法会导致翻转分隔符从而导致f(str) == "world Hello "。

OP表示“我想颠倒单词的顺序”，但没有提到前导空格和尾随空格也应该翻转！因此，尽管已经有很多答案，但我将在C ++中提供[希望]更正确的答案：

#include <string>
#include <algorithm>

void strReverseWords_inPlace(std::string &str)
{
  const char delim = ' ';
  std::string::iterator w_begin, w_end;
  if (str.size() == 0)
    return;

  w_begin = str.begin();
  w_end   = str.begin();

  while (w_begin != str.end()) {
    if (w_end == str.end() || *w_end == delim) {
      if (w_begin != w_end)
        std::reverse(w_begin, w_end);
      if (w_end == str.end())
        break;
      else
        w_begin = ++w_end;
    } else {
      ++w_end;
    }
  }

  // instead of reversing str.begin() to str.end(), use two iterators that
  // ...represent the *logical* begin and end, ignoring leading/traling delims
  std::string::iterator str_begin = str.begin(), str_end = str.end();
  while (str_begin != str_end && *str_begin == delim)
    ++str_begin;
  --str_end;
  while (str_end != str_begin && *str_end == delim)
    --str_end;
  ++str_end;
  std::reverse(str_begin, str_end);
}

我使用堆栈的版本：

public class Solution {
    public String reverseWords(String s) {
        StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder();
        String ns= s.trim();
        Stack<Character> reverse = new Stack<Character>();
        boolean hadspace=false;

        //first pass
        for (int i=0; i< ns.length();i++){
            char c = ns.charAt(i);
            if (c==' '){
                if (!hadspace){
                    reverse.push(c);
                    hadspace=true;
                }
            }else{
                hadspace=false;
                reverse.push(c);
            }
        }
        Stack<Character> t = new Stack<Character>();
        while (!reverse.empty()){
            char temp =reverse.pop();
            if(temp==' '){
                //get the stack content out append to StringBuilder
                while (!t.empty()){
                    char c =t.pop();
                    sb.append(c);
                }
                sb.append(' ');
            }else{
                //push to stack
                t.push(temp);
            }
        }
        while (!t.empty()){
            char c =t.pop();
            sb.append(c);
        }
        return sb.toString();
    }
}

将每个单词作为字符串存储在数组中，然后从结尾打印

public void rev2() {
    String str = "my name is ABCD";
    String A[] = str.split(" ");

    for (int i = A.length - 1; i >= 0; i--) {
        if (i != 0) {
            System.out.print(A[i] + " ");
        } else {
            System.out.print(A[i]);
        }
    }

}

在Python中，如果您不能使用[::-1]或reversed（），这是简单的方法：

def reverse(text):

  r_text = text.split(" ")
  res = []
  for word in range(len(r_text) - 1, -1, -1): 
    res.append(r_text[word])

  return " ".join(res)

print (reverse("Hello World"))

>> World Hello
[Finished in 0.1s]

使用C＃以给定语句的相反顺序打印单词：

    void ReverseWords(string str)
    {
        int j = 0;
        for (int i = (str.Length - 1); i >= 0; i--)
        {
            if (str[i] == ' ' || i == 0)
            {
                j = i == 0 ? i : i + 1;

                while (j < str.Length && str[j] != ' ')
                    Console.Write(str[j++]);
                Console.Write(' ');
            }
        }
    }

这是Java实现：

public static String reverseAllWords(String given_string)
{
    if(given_string == null || given_string.isBlank())
        return given_string;

    char[] str = given_string.toCharArray();
    int start = 0;

    // Reverse the entire string
    reverseString(str, start, given_string.length() - 1);

    // Reverse the letters of each individual word
    for(int end = 0; end <= given_string.length(); end++)
    {
        if(end == given_string.length() || str[end] == ' ')
        {
            reverseString(str, start, end-1);
            start = end + 1;
        }
    }
    return new String(str);
}

// In-place reverse string method
public static void reverseString(char[] str, int start, int end)
{
    while(start < end)
    {
        char temp = str[start];
        str[start++] = str[end];
        str[end--] = temp;
    }
}

实际上，第一个答案是：

words = aString.split(" ");
for (i = 0; i < words.length; i++) {
    words[i] = words[words.length-i];
}

之所以无效，是因为它在循环的后半部分撤消了在上半部分所做的工作。因此，我<words.length / 2可以工作，但是一个更清晰的例子是：

words = aString.split(" "); // make up a list
i = 0; j = words.length - 1; // find the first and last elements
while (i < j) {
    temp = words[i]; words[i] = words[j]; words[j] = temp; //i.e. swap the elements
    i++; 
    j--;
}

注意：我不熟悉PHP语法，并且已经猜到了增量器和减量器语法，因为它似乎与Perl类似。

怎么样 ...

var words = "My name is X Y Z";
var wr = String.Join( " ", words.Split(' ').Reverse().ToArray() );

我想那不是在线的。

在c中，这就是您可能要做的事情，即O（N）且仅使用O（1）数据结构（即char）。

#include<stdio.h>
#include<stdlib.h>
main(){
  char* a = malloc(1000);
  fscanf(stdin, "%[^\0\n]", a);
  int x = 0, y;
  while(a[x]!='\0')
  {
    if (a[x]==' ' || a[x]=='\n')
    {
      x++;
    }
    else
    {
      y=x;
      while(a[y]!='\0' && a[y]!=' ' && a[y]!='\n')
      { 
        y++;
      }
      int z=y;
      while(x<y)
      {
        y--;
        char c=a[x];a[x]=a[y];a[y]=c; 
        x++;
      }
      x=z;
    }
  }

  fprintf(stdout,a);
  return 0;
}

使用sscanf可以更简单地完成它：

void revertWords(char *s);
void revertString(char *s, int start, int n);
void revertWordsInString(char *s);

void revertString(char *s, int start, int end)
{
     while(start<end)
     {
         char temp = s[start];
         s[start] = s[end];
         s[end]=temp;
         start++;
         end --;
     }
}


void revertWords(char *s)
{
  int start = 0;

  char *temp = (char *)malloc(strlen(s) + 1);
  int numCharacters = 0;
  while(sscanf(&s[start], "%s", temp) !=EOF)
  {
      numCharacters = strlen(temp);

      revertString(s, start, start+numCharacters -1);
      start = start+numCharacters + 1;
      if(s[start-1] == 0)
      return;

  }
  free (temp);

}

void revertWordsInString(char *s)
{
   revertString(s,0, strlen(s)-1);
   revertWords(s);
}

int main()
{
   char *s= new char [strlen("abc deff gh1 jkl")+1];
   strcpy(s,"abc deff gh1 jkl");
   revertWordsInString(s);
   printf("%s",s);
   return 0;
}

import java.util.Scanner;

public class revString {
   static char[] str;

   public static void main(String[] args) {
    //Initialize string
    //str = new char[] { 'h', 'e', 'l', 'l', 'o', ' ', 'a', ' ', 'w', 'o',
    //'r', 'l', 'd' };
    getInput();

    // reverse entire string
    reverse(0, str.length - 1);

    // reverse the words (delimeted by space) back to normal
    int i = 0, j = 0;
    while (j < str.length) {

        if (str[j] == ' ' || j == str.length - 1) {

            int m = i;
            int n;

            //dont include space in the swap. 
            //(special case is end of line)
            if (j == str.length - 1)
                n = j;
            else
                n = j -1;


            //reuse reverse
            reverse(m, n);

            i = j + 1;

        }
        j++;
    }

    displayArray();
}

private static void reverse(int i, int j) {

    while (i < j) {

        char temp;
        temp = str[i];
        str[i] = str[j];
        str[j] = temp;

        i++;
        j--;
    }
}
private static void getInput() {
    System.out.print("Enter string to reverse: ");
    Scanner scan = new Scanner(System.in);
    str = scan.nextLine().trim().toCharArray(); 
}

private static void displayArray() {
    //Print the array
    for (int i = 0; i < str.length; i++) {
        System.out.print(str[i]);
    }
}

}

在Java中，使用附加的String（与StringBuilder一起使用）：

public static final String reverseWordsWithAdditionalStorage(String string) {
    StringBuilder builder = new StringBuilder();

    char c = 0;
    int index = 0;
    int last = string.length();
    int length = string.length()-1;
    StringBuilder temp = new StringBuilder();
    for (int i=length; i>=0; i--) {
        c = string.charAt(i);
        if (c == SPACE || i==0) {
            index = (i==0)?0:i+1;
            temp.append(string.substring(index, last));
            if (index!=0) temp.append(c);
            builder.append(temp);
            temp.delete(0, temp.length());
            last = i;
        }
    }

    return builder.toString();
}

在就地Java中：

public static final String reverseWordsInPlace(String string) {
    char[] chars = string.toCharArray();

    int lengthI = 0;
    int lastI = 0;
    int lengthJ = 0;
    int lastJ = chars.length-1;

    int i = 0;
    char iChar = 0;
    char jChar = 0;
    while (i<chars.length && i<=lastJ) {
        iChar = chars[i];
        if (iChar == SPACE) {
            lengthI = i-lastI;
            for (int j=lastJ; j>=i; j--) {
                jChar = chars[j];
                if (jChar == SPACE) {
                    lengthJ = lastJ-j;
                    swapWords(lastI, i-1, j+1, lastJ, chars);
                    lastJ = lastJ-lengthI-1;
                    break;
                }
            }
            lastI = lastI+lengthJ+1;
            i = lastI;
        } else {
            i++;
        }
    }

    return String.valueOf(chars);
}

private static final void swapWords(int startA, int endA, int startB, int endB, char[] array) {
    int lengthA = endA-startA+1;
    int lengthB = endB-startB+1;

    int length = lengthA;
    if (lengthA>lengthB) length = lengthB;

    int indexA = 0;
    int indexB = 0;
    char c = 0;
    for (int i=0; i<length; i++) {
        indexA = startA+i;
        indexB = startB+i;

        c = array[indexB];
        array[indexB] = array[indexA];
        array[indexA] = c;
    }

    if (lengthB>lengthA) {
        length = lengthB-lengthA;
        int end = 0;
        for (int i=0; i<length; i++) {
            end = endB-((length-1)-i);
            c = array[end];
            shiftRight(endA+i,end,array);
            array[endA+1+i] = c;
        }
    } else if (lengthA>lengthB) {
        length = lengthA-lengthB;
        for (int i=0; i<length; i++) {
            c = array[endA];
            shiftLeft(endA,endB,array);
            array[endB+i] = c;
        }
    }
}

private static final void shiftRight(int start, int end, char[] array) {
    for (int i=end; i>start; i--) {
        array[i] = array[i-1];
    }
}

private static final void shiftLeft(int start, int end, char[] array) {
    for (int i=start; i<end; i++) {
        array[i] = array[i+1];
    }
}

这是一个C实现，它正在执行单词Reverse Inlace，它具有O(n)复杂性。

char* reverse(char *str, char wordend=0)
{
    char c;
    size_t len = 0;
    if (wordend==0) {
        len = strlen(str);
    }
    else {
        for(size_t i=0;str[i]!=wordend && str[i]!=0;i++)
            len = i+1;
    }
            for(size_t i=0;i<len/2;i++) {
                c = str[i];
                str[i] = str[len-i-1];
                str[len-i-1] = c;
            }
    return str;
}

char* inplace_reverse_words(char *w)
{
    reverse(w); // reverse all letters first
    bool is_word_start = (w[0]!=0x20);

    for(size_t i=0;i<strlen(w);i++){
        if(w[i]!=0x20 && is_word_start) {
            reverse(&w[i], 0x20); // reverse one word only
            is_word_start = false;
        }
        if (!is_word_start && w[i]==0x20) // found new word
            is_word_start = true;
    }
    return w;
}

C＃解决方案来反转句子中的单词

using System;
class helloworld {
    public void ReverseString(String[] words) {
        int end = words.Length-1;
        for (int start = 0; start < end; start++) {
            String tempc;
            if (start < end ) {
                tempc = words[start];
                words[start] = words[end];
                words[end--] = tempc;
            }
        }
        foreach (String s1 in words) {
            Console.Write("{0} ",s1);
        }
    }
}
class reverse {
    static void Main() {
        string s= "beauty lies in the heart of the peaople";
        String[] sent_char=s.Split(' ');
        helloworld h1 = new helloworld();
        h1.ReverseString(sent_char);
    }
}

输出：peaople内在的美感按任意键继续。。。

更好的版本
检查我的博客http://bamaracoulibaly.blogspot.co.uk/2012/04/19-reverse-order-of-words-in-text.html

public string reverseTheWords(string description)
{
    if(!(string.IsNullOrEmpty(description)) && (description.IndexOf(" ") > 1))
    {
        string[] words= description.Split(' ');
        Array.Reverse(words);
        foreach (string word in words)
        {
            string phrase = string.Join(" ", words);
            Console.WriteLine(phrase);
        }
        return phrase;
    }
    return description;
}

public class manip{

public static char[] rev(char[] a,int left,int right) {
    char temp;
    for (int i=0;i<(right - left)/2;i++)    {
        temp = a[i + left];
        a[i + left] = a[right -i -1];
        a[right -i -1] = temp;
    }

    return a;
}
public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {

    String s= "i think this works";
    char[] str = s.toCharArray();       
    int i=0;
    rev(str,i,s.length());
    int j=0;
    while(j < str.length) {
        if (str[j] != ' ' && j != str.length -1) {
            j++;
        } else
        {
            if (j == (str.length -1))   {
                j++;
            }
            rev(str,i,j);
            i=j+1;
            j=i;
        }
    }
    System.out.println(str);
}

我知道有几个正确答案。这是我想到的C语言中的一个。这是例外答案的实现。时间复杂度为O（n），不使用任何额外的字符串。

#include<stdio.h>

char * strRev(char *str, char tok)
{
   int len = 0, i;
   char *temp = str;
   char swap;

   while(*temp != tok && *temp != '\0') {
      len++; temp++;
   }   
   len--;

   for(i = 0; i < len/2; i++) {
      swap = str[i];
      str[i] = str[len - i]; 
      str[len - i] = swap;
   }   

   // Return pointer to the next token.
   return str + len + 1;
}

int main(void)
{
   char a[] = "Reverse this string.";
   char *temp = a;

   if (a == NULL)
      return -1; 

   // Reverse whole string character by character.
   strRev(a, '\0');

   // Reverse every word in the string again.
   while(1) {
      temp = strRev(temp, ' ');
      if (*temp == '\0')
         break;

      temp++;
   }   
   printf("Reversed string: %s\n", a); 
   return 0;
}