Answers:
如果内容是字符串:
$someString = "Hello, World!"
$md5 = New-Object -TypeName System.Security.Cryptography.MD5CryptoServiceProvider
$utf8 = New-Object -TypeName System.Text.UTF8Encoding
$hash = [System.BitConverter]::ToString($md5.ComputeHash($utf8.GetBytes($someString)))
如果内容是文件:
$someFilePath = "C:\foo.txt"
$md5 = New-Object -TypeName System.Security.Cryptography.MD5CryptoServiceProvider
$hash = [System.BitConverter]::ToString($md5.ComputeHash([System.IO.File]::ReadAllBytes($someFilePath)))
从PowerShell版本4开始,对于使用Get-FileHash
cmdlet 开箱即用的文件,这很容易做到:
Get-FileHash <filepath> -Algorithm MD5
这无疑是可取的,因为它避免了第一个解决方案在注释中指出的问题(使用流,关闭流并支持大文件)。
Exception calling "ReadAllBytes" with "1" argument(s): "The file is too long. This operation is currently limited to supporting files less than 2 gigabytes in size."
作为刚接触Powershell的Linux专家,我对获得md5 sum的挣扎感到非常恼火,而这md5sum file.ext
在Linux上就很简单。
$hash = [System.BitConverter]::ToString($md5.ComputeHash([System.IO.File]::Open("$someFilePath",[System.IO.Filemode]::Open, [System.IO.FileAccess]::Read)))
这样可以降低内存使用量,并且没有2GB的限制。
$stream = [System.IO.File]::Open("$someFilePath",[System.IO.Filemode]::Open, [System.IO.FileAccess]::Read)
然后$hash = [System.BitConverter]::ToString($md5.ComputeHash($stream))
呢$stream.Close()
如果您使用的是PowerShell社区扩展,则可以使用Get-Hash命令集轻松执行此操作:
C:\PS> "hello world" | Get-Hash -Algorithm MD5
Algorithm: MD5
Path :
HashString : E42B054623B3799CB71F0883900F2764
Get-FileHash
在香草PowerShell 4.0中添加了一个cmdlet 。威德TechNet。
这是两行,只需在第2行中更改“ hello”即可:
PS C:\> [Reflection.Assembly]::LoadWithPartialName("System.Web")
PS C:\> [System.Web.Security.FormsAuthentication]::HashPasswordForStoringInConfigFile("hello", "MD5")
这是我使用的用于处理相对和绝对路径的函数:
function md5hash($path)
{
$fullPath = Resolve-Path $path
$md5 = new-object -TypeName System.Security.Cryptography.MD5CryptoServiceProvider
$file = [System.IO.File]::Open($fullPath,[System.IO.Filemode]::Open, [System.IO.FileAccess]::Read)
try {
[System.BitConverter]::ToString($md5.ComputeHash($file))
} finally {
$file.Dispose()
}
}
感谢上面的@davor提供使用Open()而不是ReadAllBytes()的建议,以及@ jpmc26提供使用finally块的建议。
Dispose
呼叫应处于finally
阻塞状态。
在线上有很多使用ComputeHash()的示例。我的测试表明,通过网络连接运行时这非常慢。下面的代码段对我来说运行得快得多,但是您的里程可能会有所不同:
$md5 = [System.Security.Cryptography.MD5]::Create("MD5")
$fd = [System.IO.File]::OpenRead($file)
$buf = New-Object byte[] (1024*1024*8) # 8 MB buffer
while (($read_len = $fd.Read($buf,0,$buf.length)) -eq $buf.length){
$total += $buf.length
$md5.TransformBlock($buf,$offset,$buf.length,$buf,$offset)
Write-Progress -Activity "Hashing File" `
-Status $file -percentComplete ($total/$fd.length * 100)
}
# Finalize the last read
$md5.TransformFinalBlock($buf, 0, $read_len)
$hash = $md5.Hash
# Convert hash bytes to a hexadecimal formatted string
$hash | foreach { $hash_txt += $_.ToString("x2") }
Write-Host $hash_txt
write-progress
线路上的反引号有什么作用?语法荧光笔似乎不喜欢它。
该站点有一个示例:使用Powershell进行MD5校验和。它使用.NET框架实例化MD5哈希算法的实例以计算哈希。
这是本文的代码,其中包含了Stephen的评论:
param
(
$file
)
$algo = [System.Security.Cryptography.HashAlgorithm]::Create("MD5")
$stream = New-Object System.IO.FileStream($Path, [System.IO.FileMode]::Open,
[System.IO.FileAccess]::Read)
$md5StringBuilder = New-Object System.Text.StringBuilder
$algo.ComputeHash($stream) | % { [void] $md5StringBuilder.Append($_.ToString("x2")) }
$md5StringBuilder.ToString()
$stream.Dispose()
如已接受的答案所述,该Get-FileHash
文件易于使用,但也可以与字符串一起使用:
$s = "asdf"
Get-FileHash -InputStream ([System.IO.MemoryStream]::New([System.Text.Encoding]::ASCII.GetBytes($s)))
现在有一个非常方便的Get-FileHash函数。
PS C:\> Get-FileHash C:\Users\Andris\Downloads\Contoso8_1_ENT.iso -Algorithm SHA384 | Format-List
Algorithm : SHA384
Hash : 20AB1C2EE19FC96A7C66E33917D191A24E3CE9DAC99DB7C786ACCE31E559144FEAFC695C58E508E2EBBC9D3C96F21FA3
Path : C:\Users\Andris\Downloads\Contoso8_1_ENT.iso
只需更改SHA384
为MD5
。
该示例来自PowerShell 5.1的官方文档。该文档包含更多示例。
如果您从Microsoft下载File Checksum Integrity Verifier(FCIV),则这将成为一种形式。
我从此处下载了FCIV: 文件校验和完整性验证程序实用程序的可用性和说明
运行以下命令。我要检查十个文件。
Get-ChildItem WTAM*.tar | % {.\fciv $_.Name}
PowerShell单行代码(从字符串到哈希)
MD5
([System.BitConverter]::ToString((New-Object -TypeName System.Security.Cryptography.MD5CryptoServiceProvider).ComputeHash((New-Object -TypeName System.Text.UTF8Encoding).GetBytes("Hello, World!")))).Replace("-","")
SHA1
([System.BitConverter]::ToString((New-Object -TypeName System.Security.Cryptography.SHA1CryptoServiceProvider).ComputeHash((New-Object -TypeName System.Text.UTF8Encoding).GetBytes("Hello, World!")))).Replace("-","")
SHA256
([System.BitConverter]::ToString((New-Object -TypeName System.Security.Cryptography.SHA256CryptoServiceProvider).ComputeHash((New-Object -TypeName System.Text.UTF8Encoding).GetBytes("Hello, World!")))).Replace("-","")
SHA384
([System.BitConverter]::ToString((New-Object -TypeName System.Security.Cryptography.SHA384CryptoServiceProvider).ComputeHash((New-Object -TypeName System.Text.UTF8Encoding).GetBytes("Hello, World!")))).Replace("-","")
SHA512
([System.BitConverter]::ToString((New-Object -TypeName System.Security.Cryptography.SHA512CryptoServiceProvider).ComputeHash((New-Object -TypeName System.Text.UTF8Encoding).GetBytes("Hello, World!")))).Replace("-","")
这将返回远程计算机上文件的MD5哈希值:
Invoke-Command -ComputerName RemoteComputerName -ScriptBlock {
$fullPath = Resolve-Path 'c:\Program Files\Internet Explorer\iexplore.exe'
$md5 = new-object -TypeName System.Security.Cryptography.MD5CryptoServiceProvider
$file = [System.IO.File]::OpenRead($fullPath)
$hash = [System.BitConverter]::ToString($md5.ComputeHash($file))
$hash -replace "-", ""
$file.Dispose()
}
这是一个漂亮的打印示例,试图验证SHA256指纹。我使用PowerShell v4下载了gpg4win v3.0.3(需要Get-FileHash
)。
从https://www.gpg4win.org/download.html下载该软件包,打开PowerShell,从下载页面获取哈希,然后运行:
cd ${env:USERPROFILE}\Downloads
$file = "gpg4win-3.0.3.exe"
# Set $hash to the hash reference from the download page:
$hash = "477f56212ee60cc74e0c5e5cc526cec52a069abff485c89c2d57d1b4b6a54971"
# If you have an MD5 hash: # $hashAlgo="MD5"
$hashAlgo = "SHA256"
$computed_hash = (Get-FileHash -Algorithm $hashAlgo $file).Hash.ToUpper()
if ($computed_hash.CompareTo($hash.ToUpper()) -eq 0 ) {
Write-Output "Hash matches for file $file"
}
else {
Write-Output ("Hash DOES NOT match for file {0}: `nOriginal hash: {1} `nComputed hash: {2}" -f ($file, $hash.ToUpper(), $computed_hash))
}
输出:
Hash matches for file gpg4win-3.0.3.exe
这是一个单行命令示例,两个示例都计算文件的正确校验和如您刚刚下载,又可以将其与原始发布的校验和进行比较。
例如,我写了一个Apache JMeter项目下载示例。在这种情况下,您可以:
3a84491f10fb7b147101cf3926c4a855 * apache-jmeter-4.0.zip
然后使用此PowerShell命令,可以验证下载文件的完整性:
PS C:\Distr> (Get-FileHash .\apache-jmeter-4.0.zip -Algorithm MD5).Hash -eq (Get-Content .\apache-jmeter-4.0.zip.md5 | Convert-String -Example "hash path=hash")
输出:
True
说明:
运算-eq
符的第一个操作数是计算文件校验和的结果:
(Get-FileHash .\apache-jmeter-4.0.zip -Algorithm MD5).Hash
第二个操作数是已发布的校验和值。我们首先获取file.md5的内容,它是一个字符串,然后根据字符串格式提取哈希值:
Get-Content .\apache-jmeter-4.0.zip.md5 | Convert-String -Example "hash path=hash"
这两个文件和file.md5必须在此命令的工作相同的文件夹。
这是我用来获取一致的哈希值的方法:
function New-CrcTable {
[uint32]$c = $null
$crcTable = New-Object 'System.Uint32[]' 256
for ($n = 0; $n -lt 256; $n++) {
$c = [uint32]$n
for ($k = 0; $k -lt 8; $k++) {
if ($c -band 1) {
$c = (0xEDB88320 -bxor ($c -shr 1))
}
else {
$c = ($c -shr 1)
}
}
$crcTable[$n] = $c
}
Write-Output $crcTable
}
function Update-Crc ([uint32]$crc, [byte[]]$buffer, [int]$length, $crcTable) {
[uint32]$c = $crc
for ($n = 0; $n -lt $length; $n++) {
$c = ($crcTable[($c -bxor $buffer[$n]) -band 0xFF]) -bxor ($c -shr 8)
}
Write-Output $c
}
function Get-CRC32 {
<#
.SYNOPSIS
Calculate CRC.
.DESCRIPTION
This function calculates the CRC of the input data using the CRC32 algorithm.
.EXAMPLE
Get-CRC32 $data
.EXAMPLE
$data | Get-CRC32
.NOTES
C to PowerShell conversion based on code in https://www.w3.org/TR/PNG/#D-CRCAppendix
Author: Øyvind Kallstad
Date: 06.02.2017
Version: 1.0
.INPUTS
byte[]
.OUTPUTS
uint32
.LINK
https://communary.net/
.LINK
https://www.w3.org/TR/PNG/#D-CRCAppendix
#>
[CmdletBinding()]
param (
# Array of Bytes to use for CRC calculation
[Parameter(Position = 0, ValueFromPipeline = $true)]
[ValidateNotNullOrEmpty()]
[byte[]]$InputObject
)
$dataArray = @()
$crcTable = New-CrcTable
foreach ($item in $InputObject) {
$dataArray += $item
}
$inputLength = $dataArray.Length
Write-Output ((Update-Crc -crc 0xffffffffL -buffer $dataArray -length $inputLength -crcTable $crcTable) -bxor 0xffffffffL)
}
function GetHash() {
[CmdletBinding()]
param(
[Parameter(Position = 0, ValueFromPipeline = $true)]
[ValidateNotNullOrEmpty()]
[string]$InputString
)
$bytes = [System.Text.Encoding]::UTF8.GetBytes($InputString)
$hasCode = Get-CRC32 $bytes
$hex = "{0:x}" -f $hasCode
return $hex
}
function Get-FolderHash {
[CmdletBinding()]
param(
[Parameter(Position = 0, ValueFromPipeline = $true)]
[ValidateNotNullOrEmpty()]
[string]$FolderPath
)
$FolderContent = New-Object System.Collections.ArrayList
Get-ChildItem $FolderPath -Recurse | Where-Object {
if ([System.IO.File]::Exists($_)) {
$FolderContent.AddRange([System.IO.File]::ReadAllBytes($_)) | Out-Null
}
}
$hasCode = Get-CRC32 $FolderContent
$hex = "{0:x}" -f $hasCode
return $hex.Substring(0, 8).ToLower()
}