建立在Manish Jain
的答案上(这是用于简化事情的Web API 2):
1)使用验证结构来响应尽可能多的验证错误。这些结构也可以用于响应来自表单的请求。
public class FieldError
{
public String FieldName { get; set; }
public String FieldMessage { get; set; }
}
// a result will be able to inform API client about some general error/information and details information (related to invalid parameter values etc.)
public class ValidationResult<T>
{
public bool IsError { get; set; }
/// <summary>
/// validation message. It is used as a success message if IsError is false, otherwise it is an error message
/// </summary>
public string Message { get; set; } = string.Empty;
public List<FieldError> FieldErrors { get; set; } = new List<FieldError>();
public T Payload { get; set; }
public void AddFieldError(string fieldName, string fieldMessage)
{
if (string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(fieldName))
throw new ArgumentException("Empty field name");
if (string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(fieldMessage))
throw new ArgumentException("Empty field message");
// appending error to existing one, if field already contains a message
var existingFieldError = FieldErrors.FirstOrDefault(e => e.FieldName.Equals(fieldName));
if (existingFieldError == null)
FieldErrors.Add(new FieldError {FieldName = fieldName, FieldMessage = fieldMessage});
else
existingFieldError.FieldMessage = $"{existingFieldError.FieldMessage}. {fieldMessage}";
IsError = true;
}
public void AddEmptyFieldError(string fieldName, string contextInfo = null)
{
AddFieldError(fieldName, $"No value provided for field. Context info: {contextInfo}");
}
}
public class ValidationResult : ValidationResult<object>
{
}
2)服务层将返回ValidationResult
s,而不管操作是否成功。例如:
public ValidationResult DoSomeAction(RequestFilters filters)
{
var ret = new ValidationResult();
if (filters.SomeProp1 == null) ret.AddEmptyFieldError(nameof(filters.SomeProp1));
if (filters.SomeOtherProp2 == null) ret.AddFieldError(nameof(filters.SomeOtherProp2 ), $"Failed to parse {filters.SomeOtherProp2} into integer list");
if (filters.MinProp == null) ret.AddEmptyFieldError(nameof(filters.MinProp));
if (filters.MaxProp == null) ret.AddEmptyFieldError(nameof(filters.MaxProp));
// validation affecting multiple input parameters
if (filters.MinProp > filters.MaxProp)
{
ret.AddFieldError(nameof(filters.MinProp, "Min prop cannot be greater than max prop"));
ret.AddFieldError(nameof(filters.MaxProp, "Check"));
}
// also specify a global error message, if we have at least one error
if (ret.IsError)
{
ret.Message = "Failed to perform DoSomeAction";
return ret;
}
ret.Message = "Successfully performed DoSomeAction";
return ret;
}
3)API Controller将根据服务功能结果构造响应
一种选择是将几乎所有参数都设置为可选,并执行自定义验证,从而返回更有意义的响应。另外,我注意不要让任何异常超出服务范围。
[Route("DoSomeAction")]
[HttpPost]
public HttpResponseMessage DoSomeAction(int? someProp1 = null, string someOtherProp2 = null, int? minProp = null, int? maxProp = null)
{
try
{
var filters = new RequestFilters
{
SomeProp1 = someProp1 ,
SomeOtherProp2 = someOtherProp2.TrySplitIntegerList() ,
MinProp = minProp,
MaxProp = maxProp
};
var result = theService.DoSomeAction(filters);
return !result.IsError ? Request.CreateResponse(HttpStatusCode.OK, result) : Request.CreateResponse(HttpStatusCode.BadRequest, result);
}
catch (Exception exc)
{
Logger.Log(LogLevel.Error, exc, "Failed to DoSomeAction");
return Request.CreateErrorResponse(HttpStatusCode.InternalServerError, new HttpError("Failed to DoSomeAction - internal error"));
}
}
ModelState
。