Answers:
Ruby为Hash提供了一个辅助方法,该方法可让您将Hash视为已反转(实质上是通过让您通过值访问键):
{a: 1, b: 2, c: 3}.key(1)
=> :a
如果要保留反向哈希,则Hash#invert应该适用于大多数情况:
{a: 1, b: 2, c: 3}.invert
=> {1=>:a, 2=>:b, 3=>:c}
但...
如果您有重复的值,invert
则将丢弃除最后一次出现的值之外的所有值(因为它将在迭代过程中继续替换该键的新值)。同样,key
只会返回第一个匹配项:
{a: 1, b: 2, c: 2}.key(2)
=> :b
{a: 1, b: 2, c: 2}.invert
=> {1=>:a, 2=>:c}
因此,如果您的值唯一,则可以使用Hash#invert
。如果没有,则可以将所有值保留为数组,如下所示:
class Hash
# like invert but not lossy
# {"one"=>1,"two"=>2, "1"=>1, "2"=>2}.inverse => {1=>["one", "1"], 2=>["two", "2"]}
def safe_invert
each_with_object({}) do |(key,value),out|
out[value] ||= []
out[value] << key
end
end
end
注意:带有测试的代码现在在GitHub上。
要么:
class Hash
def safe_invert
self.each_with_object({}){|(k,v),o|(o[v]||=[])<<k}
end
end
each_with_object({}){ |i,o|k,v = *i; o[v] ||=[]; o[v] << k}
...很好
你打赌那里是一个!在Ruby中,总有一种更短的方法!
这很简单,只需使用Hash#invert
:
{a: :one, b: :two, c: :three}.invert
=> {:one=>:a, :two=>:b, :three=>:c}
等等!
files = {
'Input.txt' => 'Randy',
'Code.py' => 'Stan',
'Output.txt' => 'Randy'
}
h = Hash.new{|h,k| h[k] = []} # Create hash that defaults unknown keys to empty an empty list
files.map {|k,v| h[v]<< k} #append each key to the list at a known value
puts h
这也将处理重复的值。
# this doesn't looks quite as elegant as the other solutions here,
# but if you call inverse twice, it will preserve the elements of the original hash
# true inversion of Ruby Hash / preserves all elements in original hash
# e.g. hash.inverse.inverse ~ h
class Hash
def inverse
i = Hash.new
self.each_pair{ |k,v|
if (v.class == Array)
v.each{ |x|
i[x] = i.has_key?(x) ? [k,i[x]].flatten : k
}
else
i[v] = i.has_key?(v) ? [k,i[v]].flatten : k
end
}
return i
end
end
Hash#inverse
给你:
h = {a: 1, b: 2, c: 2}
h.inverse
=> {1=>:a, 2=>[:c, :b]}
h.inverse.inverse
=> {:a=>1, :c=>2, :b=>2} # order might not be preserved
h.inverse.inverse == h
=> true # true-ish because order might change
而内置invert
方法只是坏了:
h.invert
=> {1=>:a, 2=>:c} # FAIL
h.invert.invert == h
=> false # FAIL
使用数组
input = {:key1=>"value1", :key2=>"value2", :key3=>"value3", :key4=>"value4", :key5=>"value5"}
output = Hash[input.to_a.map{|m| m.reverse}]
使用哈希
input = {:key1=>"value1", :key2=>"value2", :key3=>"value3", :key4=>"value4", :key5=>"value5"}
output = input.invert
如果您有一个哈希,其中键是唯一的,则可以使用Hash#invert:
> {a: 1, b: 2, c: 3}.invert
=> {1=>:a, 2=>:b, 3=>:c}
如果您有非唯一键,那将不起作用,但是,仅保留最后看到的键:
> {a: 1, b: 2, c: 3, d: 3, e: 2, f: 1}.invert
=> {1=>:f, 2=>:e, 3=>:d}
如果您的哈希具有非唯一键,则可以执行以下操作:
> hash={a: 1, b: 2, c: 3, d: 3, e: 2, f: 1}
> hash.each_with_object(Hash.new { |h,k| h[k]=[] }) {|(k,v), h|
h[v] << k
}
=> {1=>[:a, :f], 2=>[:b, :e], 3=>[:c, :d]}
如果哈希值已经是数组,则可以执行以下操作:
> hash={ "A" => [14, 15, 16], "B" => [17, 15], "C" => [35, 15] }
> hash.each_with_object(Hash.new { |h,k| h[k]=[] }) {|(k,v), h|
v.map {|t| h[t] << k}
}
=> {14=>["A"], 15=>["A", "B", "C"], 16=>["A"], 17=>["B"], 35=>["C"]}
each_with_object
在这里比inject
。