在不读取整个文件的情况下获取图像尺寸

是否有一种便宜的方法来获取图像的尺寸（jpg，png，...）？最好，我想仅使用标准类库（由于托管限制）来实现此目的。我知道读取图像标头并自己解析它应该相对容易，但是似乎应该已经存在类似的东西。另外，我已验证以下代码段读取了整个图像（我不想要）：

using System;
using System.Drawing;

namespace Test
{
    class Program
    {
        static void Main(string[] args)
        {
            Image img = new Bitmap("test.png");
            System.Console.WriteLine(img.Width + " x " + img.Height);
        }
    }
}

与往常一样，最好的选择是找到一个经过良好测试的库。但是，您说这很困难，因此下面是一些易于测试的代码，它们在很多情况下都适用：

using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Drawing;
using System.IO;
using System.Linq;

namespace ImageDimensions
{
    public static class ImageHelper
    {
        const string errorMessage = "Could not recognize image format.";

        private static Dictionary<byte[], Func<BinaryReader, Size>> imageFormatDecoders = new Dictionary<byte[], Func<BinaryReader, Size>>()
        {
            { new byte[]{ 0x42, 0x4D }, DecodeBitmap},
            { new byte[]{ 0x47, 0x49, 0x46, 0x38, 0x37, 0x61 }, DecodeGif },
            { new byte[]{ 0x47, 0x49, 0x46, 0x38, 0x39, 0x61 }, DecodeGif },
            { new byte[]{ 0x89, 0x50, 0x4E, 0x47, 0x0D, 0x0A, 0x1A, 0x0A }, DecodePng },
            { new byte[]{ 0xff, 0xd8 }, DecodeJfif },
        };

        /// <summary>
        /// Gets the dimensions of an image.
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="path">The path of the image to get the dimensions of.</param>
        /// <returns>The dimensions of the specified image.</returns>
        /// <exception cref="ArgumentException">The image was of an unrecognized format.</exception>
        public static Size GetDimensions(string path)
        {
            using (BinaryReader binaryReader = new BinaryReader(File.OpenRead(path)))
            {
                try
                {
                    return GetDimensions(binaryReader);
                }
                catch (ArgumentException e)
                {
                    if (e.Message.StartsWith(errorMessage))
                    {
                        throw new ArgumentException(errorMessage, "path", e);
                    }
                    else
                    {
                        throw e;
                    }
                }
            }
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// Gets the dimensions of an image.
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="path">The path of the image to get the dimensions of.</param>
        /// <returns>The dimensions of the specified image.</returns>
        /// <exception cref="ArgumentException">The image was of an unrecognized format.</exception>    
        public static Size GetDimensions(BinaryReader binaryReader)
        {
            int maxMagicBytesLength = imageFormatDecoders.Keys.OrderByDescending(x => x.Length).First().Length;

            byte[] magicBytes = new byte[maxMagicBytesLength];

            for (int i = 0; i < maxMagicBytesLength; i += 1)
            {
                magicBytes[i] = binaryReader.ReadByte();

                foreach(var kvPair in imageFormatDecoders)
                {
                    if (magicBytes.StartsWith(kvPair.Key))
                    {
                        return kvPair.Value(binaryReader);
                    }
                }
            }

            throw new ArgumentException(errorMessage, "binaryReader");
        }

        private static bool StartsWith(this byte[] thisBytes, byte[] thatBytes)
        {
            for(int i = 0; i < thatBytes.Length; i+= 1)
            {
                if (thisBytes[i] != thatBytes[i])
                {
                    return false;
                }
            }
            return true;
        }

        private static short ReadLittleEndianInt16(this BinaryReader binaryReader)
        {
            byte[] bytes = new byte[sizeof(short)];
            for (int i = 0; i < sizeof(short); i += 1)
            {
                bytes[sizeof(short) - 1 - i] = binaryReader.ReadByte();
            }
            return BitConverter.ToInt16(bytes, 0);
        }

        private static int ReadLittleEndianInt32(this BinaryReader binaryReader)
        {
            byte[] bytes = new byte[sizeof(int)];
            for (int i = 0; i < sizeof(int); i += 1)
            {
                bytes[sizeof(int) - 1 - i] = binaryReader.ReadByte();
            }
            return BitConverter.ToInt32(bytes, 0);
        }

        private static Size DecodeBitmap(BinaryReader binaryReader)
        {
            binaryReader.ReadBytes(16);
            int width = binaryReader.ReadInt32();
            int height = binaryReader.ReadInt32();
            return new Size(width, height);
        }

        private static Size DecodeGif(BinaryReader binaryReader)
        {
            int width = binaryReader.ReadInt16();
            int height = binaryReader.ReadInt16();
            return new Size(width, height);
        }

        private static Size DecodePng(BinaryReader binaryReader)
        {
            binaryReader.ReadBytes(8);
            int width = binaryReader.ReadLittleEndianInt32();
            int height = binaryReader.ReadLittleEndianInt32();
            return new Size(width, height);
        }

        private static Size DecodeJfif(BinaryReader binaryReader)
        {
            while (binaryReader.ReadByte() == 0xff)
            {
                byte marker = binaryReader.ReadByte();
                short chunkLength = binaryReader.ReadLittleEndianInt16();

                if (marker == 0xc0)
                {
                    binaryReader.ReadByte();

                    int height = binaryReader.ReadLittleEndianInt16();
                    int width = binaryReader.ReadLittleEndianInt16();
                    return new Size(width, height);
                }

                binaryReader.ReadBytes(chunkLength - 2);
            }

            throw new ArgumentException(errorMessage);
        }
    }
}

希望代码相当明显。要添加新的文件格式，可以将其添加到imageFormatDecoders其中，键是“魔术位”数组，出现在给定格式的每个文件的开头，值是一个从流中提取大小的函数。大多数格式都足够简单，唯一真正的臭味是jpeg。

using (FileStream file = new FileStream(this.ImageFileName, FileMode.Open, FileAccess.Read))
{
    using (Image tif = Image.FromStream(stream: file, 
                                        useEmbeddedColorManagement: false,
                                        validateImageData: false))
    {
        float width = tif.PhysicalDimension.Width;
        float height = tif.PhysicalDimension.Height;
        float hresolution = tif.HorizontalResolution;
        float vresolution = tif.VerticalResolution;
     }
}

该validateImageData设置false可防止GDI +对图像数据进行昂贵的分析，从而大大减少了加载时间。 这个问题使这个问题更加清晰。

您是否尝试过使用WPF Imaging类？System.Windows.Media.Imaging.BitmapDecoder等等？

我相信需要做出一些努力来确保这些编解码器仅读取文件的一个子集，以便确定头信息。值得一查。

几个月前，我一直在寻找类似的东西。我想阅读GIF图片的类型，版本，高度和宽度，但找不到任何有用的在线内容。

幸运的是，对于GIF，所有必需的信息都位于前10个字节中：

Type: Bytes 0-2
Version: Bytes 3-5
Height: Bytes 6-7
Width: Bytes 8-9

PNG稍微复杂一些（宽度和高度均为4字节）：

Width: Bytes 16-19
Height: Bytes 20-23

如上所述，wotsit是一个很好的站点，提供有关图像和数据格式的详细规范，尽管pnglib上的PNG规范更为详细。但是，我认为Wikipedia上的PNG和GIF格式条目是最好的起点。

这是我检查GIF的原始代码，我还为PNG拍了一些东西：

using System;
using System.IO;
using System.Text;

public class ImageSizeTest
{
    public static void Main()
    {
        byte[] bytes = new byte[10];

        string gifFile = @"D:\Personal\Images&Pics\iProduct.gif";
        using (FileStream fs = File.OpenRead(gifFile))
        {
            fs.Read(bytes, 0, 10); // type (3 bytes), version (3 bytes), width (2 bytes), height (2 bytes)
        }
        displayGifInfo(bytes);

        string pngFile = @"D:\Personal\Images&Pics\WaveletsGamma.png";
        using (FileStream fs = File.OpenRead(pngFile))
        {
            fs.Seek(16, SeekOrigin.Begin); // jump to the 16th byte where width and height information is stored
            fs.Read(bytes, 0, 8); // width (4 bytes), height (4 bytes)
        }
        displayPngInfo(bytes);
    }

    public static void displayGifInfo(byte[] bytes)
    {
        string type = Encoding.ASCII.GetString(bytes, 0, 3);
        string version = Encoding.ASCII.GetString(bytes, 3, 3);

        int width = bytes[6] | bytes[7] << 8; // byte 6 and 7 contain the width but in network byte order so byte 7 has to be left-shifted 8 places and bit-masked to byte 6
        int height = bytes[8] | bytes[9] << 8; // same for height

        Console.WriteLine("GIF\nType: {0}\nVersion: {1}\nWidth: {2}\nHeight: {3}\n", type, version, width, height);
    }

    public static void displayPngInfo(byte[] bytes)
    {
        int width = 0, height = 0;

        for (int i = 0; i <= 3; i++)
        {
            width = bytes[i] | width << 8;
            height = bytes[i + 4] | height << 8;            
        }

        Console.WriteLine("PNG\nWidth: {0}\nHeight: {1}\n", width, height);  
    }
}

根据到目前为止的答案和其他一些搜索，似乎在.NET 2类库中没有它的功能。所以我决定写我自己的。这是一个非常粗糙的版本。目前，我仅需要JPG格式的文件。这样就完成了阿巴斯发布的答案。

没有错误检查或任何其他验证，但是我目前仅在有限的任务中需要它，并且最终可以轻松添加它。我在一定数量的图像上进行了测试，它通常不会从图像中读取超过6K的内容。我猜这取决于EXIF数据量。

using System;
using System.IO;

namespace Test
{

    class Program
    {

        static bool GetJpegDimension(
            string fileName,
            out int width,
            out int height)
        {

            width = height = 0;
            bool found = false;
            bool eof = false;

            FileStream stream = new FileStream(
                fileName,
                FileMode.Open,
                FileAccess.Read);

            BinaryReader reader = new BinaryReader(stream);

            while (!found || eof)
            {

                // read 0xFF and the type
                reader.ReadByte();
                byte type = reader.ReadByte();

                // get length
                int len = 0;
                switch (type)
                {
                    // start and end of the image
                    case 0xD8: 
                    case 0xD9: 
                        len = 0;
                        break;

                    // restart interval
                    case 0xDD: 
                        len = 2;
                        break;

                    // the next two bytes is the length
                    default: 
                        int lenHi = reader.ReadByte();
                        int lenLo = reader.ReadByte();
                        len = (lenHi << 8 | lenLo) - 2;
                        break;
                }

                // EOF?
                if (type == 0xD9)
                    eof = true;

                // process the data
                if (len > 0)
                {

                    // read the data
                    byte[] data = reader.ReadBytes(len);

                    // this is what we are looking for
                    if (type == 0xC0)
                    {
                        width = data[1] << 8 | data[2];
                        height = data[3] << 8 | data[4];
                        found = true;
                    }

                }

            }

            reader.Close();
            stream.Close();

            return found;

        }

        static void Main(string[] args)
        {
            foreach (string file in Directory.GetFiles(args[0]))
            {
                int w, h;
                GetJpegDimension(file, out w, out h);
                System.Console.WriteLine(file + ": " + w + " x " + h);
            }
        }

    }
}

我这样做是为了PNG文件

  var buff = new byte[32];
        using (var d =  File.OpenRead(file))
        {            
            d.Read(buff, 0, 32);
        }
        const int wOff = 16;
        const int hOff = 20;            
        var Widht =BitConverter.ToInt32(new[] {buff[wOff + 3], buff[wOff + 2], buff[wOff + 1], buff[wOff + 0],},0);
        var Height =BitConverter.ToInt32(new[] {buff[hOff + 3], buff[hOff + 2], buff[hOff + 1], buff[hOff + 0],},0);

是的，您绝对可以这样做，并且代码取决于文件格式。我为影像供应商工作（Atalasoft）工作，我们的产品为每个编解码器都提供了一个GetImageInfo（），该编解码器会尽力找出尺寸和其他易于获取的数据。

如果您想自己动手，建议从wotsit.org开始，该文件具有适用于几乎所有图像格式的详细规格，您将看到如何识别文件以及在何处可以找到信息。

如果您喜欢使用C，那么免费的jpeglib也可以用于获取此信息。我敢打赌，您可以使用.NET库执行此操作，但是我不知道如何操作。

更新了ICR的答案，以支持渐进式jPegs和WebP ：）

internal static class ImageHelper
{
    const string errorMessage = "Could not recognise image format.";

    private static Dictionary<byte[], Func<BinaryReader, Size>> imageFormatDecoders = new Dictionary<byte[], Func<BinaryReader, Size>>()
    {
        { new byte[] { 0x42, 0x4D }, DecodeBitmap },
        { new byte[] { 0x47, 0x49, 0x46, 0x38, 0x37, 0x61 }, DecodeGif },
        { new byte[] { 0x47, 0x49, 0x46, 0x38, 0x39, 0x61 }, DecodeGif },
        { new byte[] { 0x89, 0x50, 0x4E, 0x47, 0x0D, 0x0A, 0x1A, 0x0A }, DecodePng },
        { new byte[] { 0xff, 0xd8 }, DecodeJfif },
        { new byte[] { 0x52, 0x49, 0x46, 0x46 }, DecodeWebP },
    };

    /// <summary>        
    /// Gets the dimensions of an image.        
    /// </summary>        
    /// <param name="path">The path of the image to get the dimensions of.</param>        
    /// <returns>The dimensions of the specified image.</returns>        
    /// <exception cref="ArgumentException">The image was of an unrecognised format.</exception>            
    public static Size GetDimensions(BinaryReader binaryReader)
    {
        int maxMagicBytesLength = imageFormatDecoders.Keys.OrderByDescending(x => x.Length).First().Length;
        byte[] magicBytes = new byte[maxMagicBytesLength];
        for(int i = 0; i < maxMagicBytesLength; i += 1)
        {
            magicBytes[i] = binaryReader.ReadByte();
            foreach(var kvPair in imageFormatDecoders)
            {
                if(StartsWith(magicBytes, kvPair.Key))
                {
                    return kvPair.Value(binaryReader);
                }
            }
        }

        throw new ArgumentException(errorMessage, "binaryReader");
    }

    private static bool StartsWith(byte[] thisBytes, byte[] thatBytes)
    {
        for(int i = 0; i < thatBytes.Length; i += 1)
        {
            if(thisBytes[i] != thatBytes[i])
            {
                return false;
            }
        }

        return true;
    }

    private static short ReadLittleEndianInt16(BinaryReader binaryReader)
    {
        byte[] bytes = new byte[sizeof(short)];

        for(int i = 0; i < sizeof(short); i += 1)
        {
            bytes[sizeof(short) - 1 - i] = binaryReader.ReadByte();
        }
        return BitConverter.ToInt16(bytes, 0);
    }

    private static int ReadLittleEndianInt32(BinaryReader binaryReader)
    {
        byte[] bytes = new byte[sizeof(int)];
        for(int i = 0; i < sizeof(int); i += 1)
        {
            bytes[sizeof(int) - 1 - i] = binaryReader.ReadByte();
        }
        return BitConverter.ToInt32(bytes, 0);
    }

    private static Size DecodeBitmap(BinaryReader binaryReader)
    {
        binaryReader.ReadBytes(16);
        int width = binaryReader.ReadInt32();
        int height = binaryReader.ReadInt32();
        return new Size(width, height);
    }

    private static Size DecodeGif(BinaryReader binaryReader)
    {
        int width = binaryReader.ReadInt16();
        int height = binaryReader.ReadInt16();
        return new Size(width, height);
    }

    private static Size DecodePng(BinaryReader binaryReader)
    {
        binaryReader.ReadBytes(8);
        int width = ReadLittleEndianInt32(binaryReader);
        int height = ReadLittleEndianInt32(binaryReader);
        return new Size(width, height);
    }

    private static Size DecodeJfif(BinaryReader binaryReader)
    {
        while(binaryReader.ReadByte() == 0xff)
        {
            byte marker = binaryReader.ReadByte();
            short chunkLength = ReadLittleEndianInt16(binaryReader);
            if(marker == 0xc0 || marker == 0xc2) // c2: progressive
            {
                binaryReader.ReadByte();
                int height = ReadLittleEndianInt16(binaryReader);
                int width = ReadLittleEndianInt16(binaryReader);
                return new Size(width, height);
            }

            if(chunkLength < 0)
            {
                ushort uchunkLength = (ushort)chunkLength;
                binaryReader.ReadBytes(uchunkLength - 2);
            }
            else
            {
                binaryReader.ReadBytes(chunkLength - 2);
            }
        }

        throw new ArgumentException(errorMessage);
    }

    private static Size DecodeWebP(BinaryReader binaryReader)
    {
        binaryReader.ReadUInt32(); // Size
        binaryReader.ReadBytes(15); // WEBP, VP8 + more
        binaryReader.ReadBytes(3); // SYNC

        var width = binaryReader.ReadUInt16() & 0b00_11111111111111; // 14 bits width
        var height = binaryReader.ReadUInt16() & 0b00_11111111111111; // 14 bits height

        return new Size(width, height);
    }

}

这将取决于文件格式。通常，他们会在文件的早期字节中声明它。而且，通常，良好的图像读取实现将考虑到这一点。不过，我无法将您指向.NET。