什么是用于备份SQL Server数据库的简单命令行程序或脚本？

我对在内部服务器上执行数据库备份太过松懈。

是否有一个简单的命令行程序可用于备份SQL Server 2005中的某些数据库？还是有一个简单的VBScript？

要从命令行备份单个数据库，请使用osql或sqlcmd。

"C:\Program Files\Microsoft SQL Server\90\Tools\Binn\osql.exe" 
    -E -Q "BACKUP DATABASE mydatabase TO DISK='C:\tmp\db.bak' WITH FORMAT"

您还需要阅读有关BACKUP和RESTORE的文档以及常规过程。

我使用ExpressMaint。

例如，要备份所有用户数据库：

C:\>ExpressMaint.exe -S (local)\sqlexpress -D ALL_USER -T DB -BU HOURS -BV 1 -B c:\backupdir\ -DS

计划以下内容备份所有数据库：

Use Master

Declare @ToExecute VarChar(8000)

Select @ToExecute = Coalesce(@ToExecute + 'Backup Database ' + [Name] + ' To Disk =     ''D:\Backups\Databases\' + [Name]   + '.bak'' With Format;' + char(13),'')
From
Master..Sysdatabases
Where
[Name] Not In ('tempdb')
and databasepropertyex ([Name],'Status') = 'online'

Execute(@ToExecute)

我的博客上还有更多详细信息：如何自动化SQL Server Express备份。

我在Microsoft支持页面http://support.microsoft.com/kb/2019698上找到了它。

效果很好！而且由于它来自微软，所以我觉得它很合法。

基本上有两个步骤。

1. 在主数据库中创建一个存储过程。请参阅msft链接，或者如果链接已损坏，请尝试以下网址：http : //pastebin.com/svRLkqnq

2. 从任务计划程序计划备份。您可能要先放入.bat或.cmd文件，然后安排该文件。

   sqlcmd -S YOUR_SERVER_NAME\SQLEXPRESS -E -Q "EXEC sp_BackupDatabases @backupLocation='C:\SQL_Backup\', @backupType='F'"  1>c:\SQL_Backup\backup.log            

显然用您的计算机名替换YOUR_SERVER_NAME，或者尝试..SQLEXPRESS并确保备份文件夹存在。在这种情况下，它试图将其放入c：\ SQL_Backup

您可以通过ApexSQL使用备份应用程序。尽管它是一个GUI应用程序，但它具有CLI支持的所有功能。可以执行一次备份操作，也可以创建一个可以定期备份指定数据库的作业。您可以检查切换规则，并在以下文章中进行示例：

• ApexSQL Backup CLI支持
• ApexSQL Backup CLI示例

我在Linux / UNIX基础结构上使用tsql来访问MSSQL数据库。这是将表转储到文件的简单shell脚本：

#!/usr/bin/ksh
#
#.....
(
tsql -S {database} -U {user} -P {password} <<EOF
select * from {table}
go
quit
EOF
) >{output_file.dump}

最终，如果您没有–E开关声明的受信任连接

使用以下命令行

"[program dir]\[sql server version]\Tools\Binn\osql.exe" -Q "BACKUP DATABASE mydatabase TO DISK='C:\tmp\db.bak'" -S [server] –U [login id] -P [password]

哪里

[程序目录]是osql.exe所在的目录

在32位操作系统上c：\ Program Files \ Microsoft SQL Server \

在64位操作系统上c：\ Program Files（x86）\ Microsoft SQL Server \

[sql server版本]您的sql server版本110或100或90或80以最大的数字开头

[服务器]您的服务器名称或服务器IP

[登录ID]您的ms-sql服务器用户登录名

[密码]所需的登录密码

微软的回答备份在SQL Express的所有用户数据库是在这里：

过程是：复制，粘贴并执行其代码（请参见下文。我在顶部注释了一些奇怪的未注释行），作为对数据库服务器的查询。这意味着您应该首先安装SQL Server Management Studio（或通过SSMS连接到数据库服务器）。此代码执行将在数据库服务器上创建一个存储过程。

创建一个批处理文件以执行存储过程，然后使用任务计划程序安排此批处理文件的定期（例如每晚）运行。我的代码（有效）是第一个示例的稍作修改的版本：

sqlcmd -S SQLEXPRESS -E -Q "EXEC sp_BackupDatabases @backupLocation='E:\SQLBackups\', @backupType='F'" 

这对我有用，我喜欢它。每次运行它时，都会创建新的备份文件。您需要设计一种定期删除旧备份文件的方法。我已经有一个执行此类操作的例程，因此，我将在磁盘上保留几天的备份（足够长的时间以使它们可以通过我的常规备份例程进行备份），然后将其删除。换句话说，我将始终拥有几天的备份时间，而不必从备份系统中还原。

我将在下面粘贴Microsoft的存储过程创建脚本：

--// Copyright © Microsoft Corporation.  All Rights Reserved.
--// This code released under the terms of the
--// Microsoft Public License (MS-PL, http://opensource.org/licenses/ms-pl.html.)

USE [master] 
GO 

/****** Object:  StoredProcedure [dbo].[sp_BackupDatabases] ******/ 

SET ANSI_NULLS ON 
GO 

SET QUOTED_IDENTIFIER ON 
GO 


-- ============================================= 
-- Author: Microsoft 
-- Create date: 2010-02-06
-- Description: Backup Databases for SQLExpress
-- Parameter1: databaseName 
-- Parameter2: backupType F=full, D=differential, L=log
-- Parameter3: backup file location
-- =============================================

CREATE PROCEDURE [dbo].[sp_BackupDatabases]  
            @databaseName sysname = null,
            @backupType CHAR(1),
            @backupLocation nvarchar(200) 
AS 

       SET NOCOUNT ON; 

            DECLARE @DBs TABLE
            (
                  ID int IDENTITY PRIMARY KEY,
                  DBNAME nvarchar(500)
            )

             -- Pick out only databases which are online in case ALL databases are chosen to be backed up

             -- If specific database is chosen to be backed up only pick that out from @DBs

            INSERT INTO @DBs (DBNAME)
            SELECT Name FROM master.sys.databases
            where state=0
            AND name=@DatabaseName
            OR @DatabaseName IS NULL
            ORDER BY Name


           -- Filter out databases which do not need to backed up

           IF @backupType='F'
                  BEGIN
                  DELETE @DBs where DBNAME IN ('tempdb','Northwind','pubs','AdventureWorks')
                  END
            ELSE IF @backupType='D'
                  BEGIN
                  DELETE @DBs where DBNAME IN ('tempdb','Northwind','pubs','master','AdventureWorks')
                  END
            ELSE IF @backupType='L'
                  BEGIN
                  DELETE @DBs where DBNAME IN ('tempdb','Northwind','pubs','master','AdventureWorks')
                  END
            ELSE
                  BEGIN
                  RETURN
                  END


            -- Declare variables

            DECLARE @BackupName varchar(100)
            DECLARE @BackupFile varchar(100)
            DECLARE @DBNAME varchar(300)
            DECLARE @sqlCommand NVARCHAR(1000) 
        DECLARE @dateTime NVARCHAR(20)
            DECLARE @Loop int                  

            -- Loop through the databases one by one

            SELECT @Loop = min(ID) FROM @DBs
       WHILE @Loop IS NOT NULL
      BEGIN

-- Database Names have to be in [dbname] format since some have - or _ in their name

      SET @DBNAME = '['+(SELECT DBNAME FROM @DBs WHERE ID = @Loop)+']'


-- Set the current date and time n yyyyhhmmss format

      SET @dateTime = REPLACE(CONVERT(VARCHAR, GETDATE(),101),'/','') + '_' +  REPLACE(CONVERT(VARCHAR, GETDATE(),108),':','')  


-- Create backup filename in path\filename.extension format for full,diff and log backups

      IF @backupType = 'F'
            SET @BackupFile = @backupLocation+REPLACE(REPLACE(@DBNAME, '[',''),']','')+ '_FULL_'+ @dateTime+ '.BAK'
      ELSE IF @backupType = 'D'
            SET @BackupFile = @backupLocation+REPLACE(REPLACE(@DBNAME, '[',''),']','')+ '_DIFF_'+ @dateTime+ '.BAK'
      ELSE IF @backupType = 'L'
            SET @BackupFile = @backupLocation+REPLACE(REPLACE(@DBNAME, '[',''),']','')+ '_LOG_'+ @dateTime+ '.TRN'


-- Provide the backup a name for storing in the media

      IF @backupType = 'F'
            SET @BackupName = REPLACE(REPLACE(@DBNAME,'[',''),']','') +' full backup for '+ @dateTime

      IF @backupType = 'D'
            SET @BackupName = REPLACE(REPLACE(@DBNAME,'[',''),']','') +' differential backup for '+ @dateTime

      IF @backupType = 'L'
            SET @BackupName = REPLACE(REPLACE(@DBNAME,'[',''),']','') +' log backup for '+ @dateTime


-- Generate the dynamic SQL command to be executed

       IF @backupType = 'F' 
                  BEGIN
               SET @sqlCommand = 'BACKUP DATABASE ' +@DBNAME+  ' TO DISK = '''+@BackupFile+ ''' WITH INIT, NAME= ''' +@BackupName+''', NOSKIP, NOFORMAT'
                  END

       IF @backupType = 'D'
                  BEGIN
               SET @sqlCommand = 'BACKUP DATABASE ' +@DBNAME+  ' TO DISK = '''+@BackupFile+ ''' WITH DIFFERENTIAL, INIT, NAME= ''' +@BackupName+''', NOSKIP, NOFORMAT'        
                  END

       IF @backupType = 'L' 
                  BEGIN
               SET @sqlCommand = 'BACKUP LOG ' +@DBNAME+  ' TO DISK = '''+@BackupFile+ ''' WITH INIT, NAME= ''' +@BackupName+''', NOSKIP, NOFORMAT'        
                  END


-- Execute the generated SQL command

       EXEC(@sqlCommand)


-- Goto the next database

SELECT @Loop = min(ID) FROM @DBs where ID>@Loop


END​

您可以使用我为此目的专门编写的VB脚本：https : //github.com/ezrarieben/mssql-backup-vbs/

在“任务计划程序”中计划任务以根据需要执行脚本，它将把整个数据库备份到BAK文件中，并将其保存在指定的位置。

SET NOCOUNT ON;
declare @PATH VARCHAR(200)='D:\MyBackupFolder\'
 -- path where you want to take backups
IF OBJECT_ID('TEMPDB..#back') IS NOT NULL

DROP TABLE #back

CREATE TABLE #back
(
RN INT IDENTITY (1,1),
DatabaseName NVARCHAR(200)

)

INSERT INTO #back 
SELECT       'MyDatabase1'
UNION SELECT 'MyDatabase2'
UNION SELECT 'MyDatabase3'
UNION SELECT 'MyDatabase4'

-- your databases List

DECLARE @COUNT INT =0 ,  @RN INT =1, @SCRIPT NVARCHAR(MAX)='',  @DBNAME VARCHAR(200)

PRINT '---------------------FULL BACKUP SCRIPT-------------------------'+CHAR(10)
SET @COUNT = (SELECT COUNT(*) FROM #back)
PRINT 'USE MASTER'+CHAR(10)
WHILE(@COUNT > = @RN)
BEGIN

SET @DBNAME =(SELECT DatabaseName FROM #back WHERE RN=@RN)
SET @SCRIPT ='BACKUP DATABASE ' +'['+@DBNAME+']'+CHAR(10)+'TO DISK =N'''+@PATH+@DBNAME+ N'_Backup_'
+ REPLACE ( REPLACE ( REPLACE ( REPLACE ( CAST ( CAST ( GETDATE () AS DATETIME2 ) AS VARCHAR ( 100 )), '-' , '_' ), ' ' , '_' ), '.' , '_' ), ':' , '' )+'.bak'''+CHAR(10)+'WITH COMPRESSION, STATS = 10'+CHAR(10)+'GO'+CHAR(10)
PRINT @SCRIPT
SET @RN=@RN+1
END

 PRINT '---------------------DIFF BACKUP SCRIPT-------------------------'+CHAR(10)

  SET  @COUNT  =0 SET  @RN  =1 SET @SCRIPT ='' SET @DBNAME =''
 SET @COUNT = (SELECT COUNT(*) FROM #back)
PRINT 'USE MASTER'+CHAR(10)
WHILE(@COUNT > = @RN)
BEGIN
SET @DBNAME =(SELECT DatabaseName FROM #back WHERE RN=@RN)
SET @SCRIPT ='BACKUP DATABASE ' +'['+@DBNAME+']'+CHAR(10)+'TO DISK =N'''+@PATH+@DBNAME+ N'_Backup_'
+ REPLACE ( REPLACE ( REPLACE ( REPLACE ( CAST ( CAST ( GETDATE () AS DATETIME2 ) AS VARCHAR ( 100 )), '-' , '_' ), ' ' , '_' ), '.' , '_' ), ':' , '' )+'.diff'''+CHAR(10)+'WITH DIFFERENTIAL, COMPRESSION, STATS = 10'+CHAR(10)+'GO'+CHAR(10)
PRINT @SCRIPT
SET @RN=@RN+1
END

如果可以找到数据库文件...“ cp DBFiles backup /”

几乎可以肯定，在大多数情况下不建议这样做，但这就像所有的准备工作一样简单。