Android中的垂直（旋转）标签

我需要两种在Android中显示垂直标签的方法：

1. 水平标签逆时针旋转90度（侧面字母）
2. 带有一个字母在另一个字母下方的水平标签（例如商店标志）

我是否需要针对两种情况（一种情况）开发自定义小部件，是否可以使TextView以这种方式呈现，并且如果我需要完全自定义，那么做这样的事情的好方法是什么？

这是我优雅而简单的垂直文本实现，扩展了TextView。这意味着可以使用TextView的所有标准样式，因为它是TextView的扩展。

public class VerticalTextView extends TextView{
   final boolean topDown;

   public VerticalTextView(Context context, AttributeSet attrs){
      super(context, attrs);
      final int gravity = getGravity();
      if(Gravity.isVertical(gravity) && (gravity&Gravity.VERTICAL_GRAVITY_MASK) == Gravity.BOTTOM) {
         setGravity((gravity&Gravity.HORIZONTAL_GRAVITY_MASK) | Gravity.TOP);
         topDown = false;
      }else
         topDown = true;
   }

   @Override
   protected void onMeasure(int widthMeasureSpec, int heightMeasureSpec){
      super.onMeasure(heightMeasureSpec, widthMeasureSpec);
      setMeasuredDimension(getMeasuredHeight(), getMeasuredWidth());
   }

   @Override
   protected boolean setFrame(int l, int t, int r, int b){
      return super.setFrame(l, t, l+(b-t), t+(r-l));
   }

   @Override
   public void draw(Canvas canvas){
      if(topDown){
         canvas.translate(getHeight(), 0);
         canvas.rotate(90);
      }else {
         canvas.translate(0, getWidth());
         canvas.rotate(-90);
      }
      canvas.clipRect(0, 0, getWidth(), getHeight(), android.graphics.Region.Op.REPLACE);
      super.draw(canvas);
   }
}

默认情况下，旋转的文本是从上到下。如果您设置android：gravity =“ bottom”，那么它是从下到上绘制的。

从技术上讲，它在使TextView旋转时使愚蠢的TextView认为它是正常旋转（在几个地方交换宽度/高度）。在xml布局中使用时，它也可以正常工作。

编辑： 发布另一个版本，上面有动画问题。此新版本效果更好，但缺少一些TextView功能，例如选取框和类似的特殊功能。

public class VerticalTextView extends TextView{
   final boolean topDown;

   public VerticalTextView(Context context, AttributeSet attrs){
      super(context, attrs);
      final int gravity = getGravity();
      if(Gravity.isVertical(gravity) && (gravity&Gravity.VERTICAL_GRAVITY_MASK) == Gravity.BOTTOM) {
         setGravity((gravity&Gravity.HORIZONTAL_GRAVITY_MASK) | Gravity.TOP);
         topDown = false;
      }else
         topDown = true;
   }

   @Override
   protected void onMeasure(int widthMeasureSpec, int heightMeasureSpec){
      super.onMeasure(heightMeasureSpec, widthMeasureSpec);
      setMeasuredDimension(getMeasuredHeight(), getMeasuredWidth());
   }

   @Override
   protected void onDraw(Canvas canvas){
      TextPaint textPaint = getPaint(); 
      textPaint.setColor(getCurrentTextColor());
      textPaint.drawableState = getDrawableState();

      canvas.save();

      if(topDown){
         canvas.translate(getWidth(), 0);
         canvas.rotate(90);
      }else {
         canvas.translate(0, getHeight());
         canvas.rotate(-90);
      }


      canvas.translate(getCompoundPaddingLeft(), getExtendedPaddingTop());

      getLayout().draw(canvas);
      canvas.restore();
  }
}

编辑 Kotlin版本：

import android.content.Context
import android.graphics.Canvas
import android.text.BoringLayout
import android.text.Layout
import android.text.TextUtils.TruncateAt
import android.util.AttributeSet
import android.view.Gravity
import androidx.appcompat.widget.AppCompatTextView
import androidx.core.graphics.withSave

class VerticalTextView(context: Context, attrs: AttributeSet) : AppCompatTextView(context, attrs) {
    private val topDown = gravity.let { g ->
        !(Gravity.isVertical(g) && g.and(Gravity.VERTICAL_GRAVITY_MASK) == Gravity.BOTTOM)
    }
    private val metrics = BoringLayout.Metrics()
    private var padLeft = 0
    private var padTop = 0

    private var layout1: Layout? = null

    override fun setText(text: CharSequence, type: BufferType) {
        super.setText(text, type)
        layout1 = null
    }

    private fun makeLayout(): Layout {
        if (layout1 == null) {
            metrics.width = height
            paint.color = currentTextColor
            paint.drawableState = drawableState
            layout1 = BoringLayout.make(text, paint, metrics.width, Layout.Alignment.ALIGN_NORMAL, 2f, 0f, metrics, false, TruncateAt.END, height - compoundPaddingLeft - compoundPaddingRight)
            padLeft = compoundPaddingLeft
            padTop = extendedPaddingTop
        }
        return layout1!!
    }

    override fun onDraw(c: Canvas) {
        //      c.drawColor(0xffffff80); // TEST
        if (layout == null)
            return
        c.withSave {
            if (topDown) {
                val fm = paint.fontMetrics
                translate(textSize - (fm.bottom + fm.descent), 0f)
                rotate(90f)
            } else {
                translate(textSize, height.toFloat())
                rotate(-90f)
            }
            translate(padLeft.toFloat(), padTop.toFloat())
            makeLayout().draw(this)
        }
    }
}

我为ChartDroid项目实现了这一点。创建VerticalLabelView.java：

public class VerticalLabelView extends View {
    private TextPaint mTextPaint;
    private String mText;
    private int mAscent;
    private Rect text_bounds = new Rect();

    final static int DEFAULT_TEXT_SIZE = 15;

    public VerticalLabelView(Context context) {
        super(context);
        initLabelView();
    }

    public VerticalLabelView(Context context, AttributeSet attrs) {
        super(context, attrs);
        initLabelView();

        TypedArray a = context.obtainStyledAttributes(attrs, R.styleable.VerticalLabelView);

        CharSequence s = a.getString(R.styleable.VerticalLabelView_text);
        if (s != null) setText(s.toString());

        setTextColor(a.getColor(R.styleable.VerticalLabelView_textColor, 0xFF000000));

        int textSize = a.getDimensionPixelOffset(R.styleable.VerticalLabelView_textSize, 0);
        if (textSize > 0) setTextSize(textSize);

        a.recycle();
    }

    private final void initLabelView() {
        mTextPaint = new TextPaint();
        mTextPaint.setAntiAlias(true);
        mTextPaint.setTextSize(DEFAULT_TEXT_SIZE);
        mTextPaint.setColor(0xFF000000);
        mTextPaint.setTextAlign(Align.CENTER);
        setPadding(3, 3, 3, 3);
    }

    public void setText(String text) {
        mText = text;
        requestLayout();
        invalidate();
    }

    public void setTextSize(int size) {
        mTextPaint.setTextSize(size);
        requestLayout();
        invalidate();
    }

    public void setTextColor(int color) {
        mTextPaint.setColor(color);
        invalidate();
    }

    @Override
    protected void onMeasure(int widthMeasureSpec, int heightMeasureSpec) {

        mTextPaint.getTextBounds(mText, 0, mText.length(), text_bounds);
        setMeasuredDimension(
                measureWidth(widthMeasureSpec),
                measureHeight(heightMeasureSpec));
    }

    private int measureWidth(int measureSpec) {
        int result = 0;
        int specMode = MeasureSpec.getMode(measureSpec);
        int specSize = MeasureSpec.getSize(measureSpec);

        if (specMode == MeasureSpec.EXACTLY) {
            // We were told how big to be
            result = specSize;
        } else {
            // Measure the text
            result = text_bounds.height() + getPaddingLeft() + getPaddingRight();

            if (specMode == MeasureSpec.AT_MOST) {
                // Respect AT_MOST value if that was what is called for by measureSpec
                result = Math.min(result, specSize);
            }
        }
        return result;
    }

    private int measureHeight(int measureSpec) {
        int result = 0;
        int specMode = MeasureSpec.getMode(measureSpec);
        int specSize = MeasureSpec.getSize(measureSpec);

        mAscent = (int) mTextPaint.ascent();
        if (specMode == MeasureSpec.EXACTLY) {
            // We were told how big to be
            result = specSize;
        } else {
            // Measure the text
            result = text_bounds.width() + getPaddingTop() + getPaddingBottom();

            if (specMode == MeasureSpec.AT_MOST) {
                // Respect AT_MOST value if that was what is called for by measureSpec
                result = Math.min(result, specSize);
            }
        }
        return result;
    }

    @Override
    protected void onDraw(Canvas canvas) {
        super.onDraw(canvas);

        float text_horizontally_centered_origin_x = getPaddingLeft() + text_bounds.width()/2f;
        float text_horizontally_centered_origin_y = getPaddingTop() - mAscent;

        canvas.translate(text_horizontally_centered_origin_y, text_horizontally_centered_origin_x);
        canvas.rotate(-90);
        canvas.drawText(mText, 0, 0, mTextPaint);
    }
}

在attrs.xml：

<resources>
     <declare-styleable name="VerticalLabelView">
        <attr name="text" format="string" />
        <attr name="textColor" format="color" />
        <attr name="textSize" format="dimension" />
    </declare-styleable>
</resources>

实现这些目标的一种方法是：

1. 编写自己的自定义视图并覆盖onDraw（Canvas）。您可以在画布上绘制文本，然后旋转画布。
2. 与1.相同，除了这次使用Path并使用drawTextOnPath（...）绘制文本

在批准的答案中尝试了两个VerticalTextView类，它们工作得相当不错。

但是，无论我尝试什么，都无法将那些VerticalTextViews放置在包含布局（RelativeLayout，它是为RecyclerView充气的项的一部分）的中心。

FWIW，环顾四周后，我在GitHub上发现了yoog568的VerticalTextView类：

https://github.com/yoog568/VerticalTextView/blob/master/src/com/yoog/widget/VerticalTextView.java

我能够根据需要定位。您还需要在项目中包括以下属性定义：

https://github.com/yoog568/VerticalTextView/blob/master/res/values/attr.xml

check = (TextView)findViewById(R.id.check);
check.setRotation(-90);

这对我有用，很好。至于垂直下降的字母-我不知道。

有一些小事情需要注意。

选择旋转或路径方式时，取决于字符集。例如，如果目标字符集是英语，并且预期效果是，

a
b
c
d

您可以通过逐个绘制每个字符来获得此效果，而无需旋转或移动路径。

您可能需要旋转或移动路径才能获得此效果。

棘手的部分是当您尝试渲染蒙古语等字符集时。字体中的字形需要旋转90度，因此drawTextOnPath（）将是一个很好的选择。

遵循Pointer Null的回答，通过这样修改onDraw方法，我能够将文本水平居中：

@Override
protected void onDraw(Canvas canvas){
    TextPaint textPaint = getPaint();
    textPaint.setColor(getCurrentTextColor());
    textPaint.drawableState = getDrawableState();
    canvas.save();
    if(topDown){
        canvas.translate(getWidth()/2, 0);
        canvas.rotate(90);
    }else{
        TextView temp = new TextView(getContext());
        temp.setText(this.getText().toString());
        temp.setTypeface(this.getTypeface());
        temp.measure(0, 0);
        canvas.rotate(-90);
        int max = -1 * ((getWidth() - temp.getMeasuredHeight())/2);
        canvas.translate(canvas.getClipBounds().left, canvas.getClipBounds().top - max);
    }
    canvas.translate(getCompoundPaddingLeft(), getExtendedPaddingTop());
    getLayout().draw(canvas);
    canvas.restore();
}

您可能需要添加TextView测量宽度的一部分以使多行文本居中。

您可以仅将其添加到TextView或其他View xml旋转值。这是最简单的方法，对我来说正确无误。

<LinearLayout
    android:rotation="-90"
    android:layout_below="@id/image_view_qr_code"
    android:layout_above="@+id/text_view_savva_club"
    android:layout_marginTop="20dp"
    android:gravity="bottom"
    android:layout_width="wrap_content"
    android:layout_height="wrap_content"
    android:orientation="vertical">

   <TextView
       android:textColor="@color/colorPrimary"
       android:layout_marginStart="40dp"
       android:textSize="20sp"
       android:layout_width="wrap_content"
       android:layout_height="wrap_content"
       android:text="Дмитриевский Дмитрий Дмитриевич"
       android:maxLines="2"
       android:id="@+id/vertical_text_view_name"/>
    <TextView
        android:textColor="#B32B2A29"
        android:layout_marginStart="40dp"
        android:layout_marginTop="15dp"
        android:textSize="16sp"
        android:layout_width="wrap_content"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:id="@+id/vertical_text_view_phone"
        android:text="+38 (000) 000-00-00"/>

</LinearLayout>

我最初的在垂直LinearLayout中呈现垂直文本的方法如下（这是Kotlin，在Java中使用setRoatation等）：

val tv = TextView(context)
tv.gravity = Gravity.CENTER
tv.rotation = 90F
tv.height = calcHeight(...)
linearLabels.addView(tv)

如您所见，问题是TextView垂直移动，但仍将其宽度视为水平方向！= /

因此，方法2由手动更改宽度和高度组成，以解决此问题：

tv.measure(0, 0)
// tv.setSingleLine()
tv.width = tv.measuredHeight
tv.height = calcHeight(...)

但是，这导致标签setSingleLine在相对较短的宽度之后绕到下一行（如果要裁剪，则被裁剪）。同样，这归结为将x与y混淆。

因此，我的方法＃3是将TextView包装在RelativeLayout中。这个想法是通过将TextView扩展到左右两侧（此处是两个方向的200像素）来允许其任意宽度。但是，然后我给RelativeLayout负边距，以确保将其绘制为窄列。这是此屏幕截图的完整代码：

val tv = TextView(context)
tv.text = getLabel(...)
tv.gravity = Gravity.CENTER
tv.rotation = 90F

tv.measure(0, 0)
tv.width = tv.measuredHeight + 400  // 400 IQ
tv.height = calcHeight(...)

val tvHolder = RelativeLayout(context)
val lp = LinearLayout.LayoutParams(LinearLayout.LayoutParams.WRAP_CONTENT,
    LinearLayout.LayoutParams.WRAP_CONTENT)
lp.setMargins(-200, 0, -200, 0)
tvHolder.layoutParams = lp
tvHolder.addView(tv)
linearLabels.addView(tvHolder)

val iv = ImageView(context)
iv.setImageResource(R.drawable.divider)
linearLabels.addView(iv)

作为一般性提示，这种让视图“占据”另一个视图的策略对我在Android中定位事物非常有用！例如，ActionBar下方的信息窗口使用相同的策略！

对于看起来像商店标志的文本，只需在每个字符后插入换行符，例如"N\nu\nt\ns"：

我喜欢@kostmo的方法。我做了一些修改，因为我遇到了一个问题-将其参数设置为时，会切断垂直旋转的标签WRAP_CONTENT。因此，文本不完全可见。

这是我解决的方法：

import android.annotation.TargetApi;
import android.content.Context;
import android.graphics.Canvas;
import android.graphics.Paint;
import android.graphics.Rect;
import android.graphics.Typeface;
import android.os.Build;
import android.text.TextPaint;
import android.util.AttributeSet;
import android.util.Log;
import android.util.TypedValue;
import android.view.View;
import android.view.ViewGroup;
import android.widget.TextView;

public class VerticalLabelView extends View
{
    private final String LOG_TAG           = "VerticalLabelView";
    private final int    DEFAULT_TEXT_SIZE = 30;
    private int          _ascent           = 0;
    private int          _leftPadding      = 0;
    private int          _topPadding       = 0;
    private int          _rightPadding     = 0;
    private int          _bottomPadding    = 0;
    private int          _textSize         = 0;
    private int          _measuredWidth;
    private int          _measuredHeight;
    private Rect         _textBounds;
    private TextPaint    _textPaint;
    private String       _text             = "";
    private TextView     _tempView;
    private Typeface     _typeface         = null;
    private boolean      _topToDown = false;

    public VerticalLabelView(Context context)
    {
        super(context);
        initLabelView();
    }

    public VerticalLabelView(Context context, AttributeSet attrs)
    {
        super(context, attrs);
        initLabelView();
    }

    public VerticalLabelView(Context context, AttributeSet attrs, int defStyleAttr)
    {
        super(context, attrs, defStyleAttr);
        initLabelView();
    }

    @TargetApi(Build.VERSION_CODES.LOLLIPOP)
    public VerticalLabelView(Context context, AttributeSet attrs, int defStyleAttr, int defStyleRes)
    {
        super(context, attrs, defStyleAttr, defStyleRes);
        initLabelView();
    }

    private final void initLabelView()
    {
        this._textBounds = new Rect();
        this._textPaint = new TextPaint();
        this._textPaint.setAntiAlias(true);
        this._textPaint.setTextAlign(Paint.Align.CENTER);
        this._textPaint.setTextSize(DEFAULT_TEXT_SIZE);
        this._textSize = DEFAULT_TEXT_SIZE;
    }

    public void setText(String text)
    {
        this._text = text;
        requestLayout();
        invalidate();
    }

    public void topToDown(boolean topToDown)
    {
        this._topToDown = topToDown;
    }

    public void setPadding(int padding)
    {
        setPadding(padding, padding, padding, padding);
    }

    public void setPadding(int left, int top, int right, int bottom)
    {
        this._leftPadding = left;
        this._topPadding = top;
        this._rightPadding = right;
        this._bottomPadding = bottom;
        requestLayout();
        invalidate();
    }

    public void setTextSize(int size)
    {
        this._textSize = size;
        this._textPaint.setTextSize(size);
        requestLayout();
        invalidate();
    }

    public void setTextColor(int color)
    {
        this._textPaint.setColor(color);
        invalidate();
    }

    public void setTypeFace(Typeface typeface)
    {
        this._typeface = typeface;
        this._textPaint.setTypeface(typeface);
        requestLayout();
        invalidate();
    }

    @Override
    protected void onMeasure(int widthMeasureSpec, int heightMeasureSpec)
    {
        try
        {
            this._textPaint.getTextBounds(this._text, 0, this._text.length(), this._textBounds);

            this._tempView = new TextView(getContext());
            this._tempView.setPadding(this._leftPadding, this._topPadding, this._rightPadding, this._bottomPadding);
            this._tempView.setText(this._text);
            this._tempView.setTextSize(TypedValue.COMPLEX_UNIT_PX, this._textSize);
            this._tempView.setTypeface(this._typeface);

            this._tempView.measure(ViewGroup.LayoutParams.WRAP_CONTENT, ViewGroup.LayoutParams.WRAP_CONTENT);

            this._measuredWidth = this._tempView.getMeasuredHeight();
            this._measuredHeight = this._tempView.getMeasuredWidth();

            this._ascent = this._textBounds.height() / 2 + this._measuredWidth / 2;

            setMeasuredDimension(this._measuredWidth, this._measuredHeight);
        }
        catch (Exception e)
        {
            setMeasuredDimension(widthMeasureSpec, heightMeasureSpec);
            Log.e(LOG_TAG, Log.getStackTraceString(e));
        }
    }

    @Override
    protected void onDraw(Canvas canvas)
    {
        super.onDraw(canvas);

        if (!this._text.isEmpty())
        {
            float textHorizontallyCenteredOriginX = this._measuredHeight / 2f;
            float textHorizontallyCenteredOriginY = this._ascent;

            canvas.translate(textHorizontallyCenteredOriginY, textHorizontallyCenteredOriginX);

            float rotateDegree = -90;
            float y = 0;

            if (this._topToDown)
            {
                rotateDegree = 90;
                y = this._measuredWidth / 2;
            }

            canvas.rotate(rotateDegree);
            canvas.drawText(this._text, 0, y, this._textPaint);
        }
    }
}

如果要从上到下有文本，请使用topToDown(true)方法。