用C ++解析INI文件最简单的方法是什么?


89

我正在尝试使用C ++解析INI文件。关于实现此目标的最佳方法的任何技巧?我应该使用Windows API工具进行INI文件处理(我完全不熟悉),开放源代码解决方案还是尝试手动解析它?

Answers:


112

您可以使用Windows API函数,例如GetPrivateProfileString()GetPrivateProfileInt()


4
MSDN不推荐使用GetPrivateProfileInt()和其他函数,因为它们已过时,并且仍然仅提供与旧的16位系统的笨拙兼容性。而不是使用其他方法。 msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/windows/desktop/...
Zdeno帕夫利克

它们已过时,因为MS不再希望您使用ini文件,如果您确实想读取或写入此类文件,它们仍然是理想的选择。
尼尔

113

如果您需要跨平台的解决方案,请尝试Boost的程序选项库。


1
我也建议这个图书馆
varnie

21
这是要走的路,我不明白为什么人们只是投票赞成不那么普遍的答案。
Ramadheer Singh'7

17
@Gollum,听起来Windows是给定的依赖项。使用程序选项库意味着承担另一个依赖项。有时候这没什么大不了的,有时候却是。
IJ肯尼迪

5
@malat我很困惑,我没有提到投票吗?
sjdowling

2
他试图读取现有的INI文件,使用boost ist不是答案,因为它使用的是INI格式。
Lothar 2015年



15

如果您已经在使用Qt

QSettings my_settings("filename.ini", QSettings::IniFormat);

然后读取一个值

my_settings.value("GroupName/ValueName", <<DEFAULT_VAL>>).toInt()

还有很多其他转换器,可将您的INI值转换为标准类型和Qt类型。有关更多信息,请参见QSettings上的Qt文档。


不错,尽管如果您进行更改,它们会在没有真正告诉您的情况下将它们保存回.ini文件(即,析构函数调用sync(),这可能会令人惊讶),并且会破坏注释和先前定义变量的顺序...
Alexis Wilke

8

这个问题有点老了,但是我会发表我的答案。我已经测试了各种INI类(您可以在我的网站上看到它们),并且我也使用simpleIni,因为我想同时在Windows和WinCE上使用INI文件。Window的GetPrivateProfileString()仅与winCE上的注册表一起使用。

使用simpleIni非常容易阅读。这是一个例子:

#include "SimpleIni\SimpleIni.h"    
CSimpleIniA ini;
ini.SetUnicode();
ini.LoadFile(FileName);
const char * pVal = ini.GetValue(section, entry, DefaultStr);

6

inih是一个用C编写的简单的ini解析器,它也带有C ++包装器。用法示例:

#include "INIReader.h"    

INIReader reader("test.ini");

std::cout << "version="
          << reader.GetInteger("protocol", "version", -1) << ", name="
          << reader.Get("user", "name", "UNKNOWN") << ", active="
          << reader.GetBoolean("user", "active", true) << "\n";

作者还在此处列出了现有库。



3

如果您对平台可移植性感兴趣,也可以尝试Boost.PropertyTree。它支持ini作为持久性格式,尽管属性树只能是1级深。


2

除非您打算跨平台开发该应用程序,否则使用Windows API调用将是最佳方法。只需忽略API文档中有关仅为16位应用程序兼容性而提供的说明。



0

我知道这个问题很老,但是我遇到了这个问题,因为我需要一些跨平台的Linux,win32 ...我在下面编写了函数,它是一个可以解析INI文件的函数,希望其他人会发现它有用。

规则和注意事项:要解析的buf必须是以NULL结尾的字符串。将您的ini文件加载到char数组字符串中,然后调用此函数进行解析。节名称必须在其周围带有[]括号,例如[MySection],并且值和节必须以一行开头且开头不能有空格。它将使用Windows \ r \ n或Linux \ n行尾来解析文件。注释应使用#或//,并从文件顶部开始,不得将注释与INI条目数据混合。在返回字符串的两端都删除了引号和刻度。仅当空格在引号之外时才修剪空格。字符串不需要带引号,并且如果缺少引号,则会修剪空格。您还可以提取数字或其他数据,例如,如果您有浮点数,只需在ret缓冲区上执行atof(ret)。

//  -----note: no escape is nessesary for inner quotes or ticks-----
//  -----------------------------example----------------------------
//  [Entry2]
//  Alignment   = 1
//  LightLvl=128
//  Library     = 5555
//  StrValA =  Inner "quoted" or 'quoted' strings are ok to use
//  StrValB =  "This a "quoted" or 'quoted' String Value"
//  StrValC =  'This a "tick" or 'tick' String Value'
//  StrValD =  "Missing quote at end will still work
//  StrValE =  This is another "quote" example
//  StrValF =  "  Spaces inside the quote are preserved "
//  StrValG =  This works too and spaces are trimmed away
//  StrValH =
//  ----------------------------------------------------------------
//12oClocker super lean and mean INI file parser (with section support)
//set section to 0 to disable section support
//returns TRUE if we were able to extract a string into ret value
//NextSection is a char* pointer, will be set to zero if no next section is found
//will be set to pointer of next section if it was found.
//use it like this... char* NextSection = 0;  GrabIniValue(X,X,X,X,X,&NextSection);
//buf is data to parse, ret is the user supplied return buffer
BOOL GrabIniValue(char* buf, const char* section, const char* valname, char* ret, int retbuflen, char** NextSection)
{
    if(!buf){*ret=0; return FALSE;}

    char* s = buf; //search starts at "s" pointer
    char* e = 0;   //end of section pointer

    //find section
    if(section)
    {
        int L = strlen(section);
        SearchAgain1:
        s = strstr(s,section); if(!s){*ret=0; return FALSE;}    //find section
        if(s > buf && (*(s-1))!='\n'){s+=L; goto SearchAgain1;} //section must be at begining of a line!
        s+=L;                                                   //found section, skip past section name
        while(*s!='\n'){s++;} s++;                              //spin until next line, s is now begining of section data
        e = strstr(s,"\n[");                                    //find begining of next section or end of file
        if(e){*e=0;}                                            //if we found begining of next section, null the \n so we don't search past section
        if(NextSection)                                         //user passed in a NextSection pointer
        { if(e){*NextSection=(e+1);}else{*NextSection=0;} }     //set pointer to next section
    }

    //restore char at end of section, ret=empty_string, return FALSE
    #define RESTORE_E     if(e){*e='\n';}
    #define SAFE_RETURN   RESTORE_E;  (*ret)=0;  return FALSE

    //find valname
    int L = strlen(valname);
    SearchAgain2:
    s = strstr(s,valname); if(!s){SAFE_RETURN;}             //find valname
    if(s > buf && (*(s-1))!='\n'){s+=L; goto SearchAgain2;} //valname must be at begining of a line!
    s+=L;                                                   //found valname match, skip past it
    while(*s==' ' || *s == '\t'){s++;}                      //skip spaces and tabs
    if(!(*s)){SAFE_RETURN;}                                 //if NULL encounted do safe return
    if(*s != '='){goto SearchAgain2;}                       //no equal sign found after valname, search again
    s++;                                                    //skip past the equal sign
    while(*s==' '  || *s=='\t'){s++;}                       //skip spaces and tabs
    while(*s=='\"' || *s=='\''){s++;}                       //skip past quotes and ticks
    if(!(*s)){SAFE_RETURN;}                                 //if NULL encounted do safe return
    char* E = s;                                            //s is now the begining of the valname data
    while(*E!='\r' && *E!='\n' && *E!=0){E++;} E--;         //find end of line or end of string, then backup 1 char
    while(E > s && (*E==' ' || *E=='\t')){E--;}             //move backwards past spaces and tabs
    while(E > s && (*E=='\"' || *E=='\'')){E--;}            //move backwards past quotes and ticks
    L = E-s+1;                                              //length of string to extract NOT including NULL
    if(L<1 || L+1 > retbuflen){SAFE_RETURN;}                //empty string or buffer size too small
    strncpy(ret,s,L);                                       //copy the string
    ret[L]=0;                                               //null last char on return buffer
    RESTORE_E;
    return TRUE;

    #undef RESTORE_E
    #undef SAFE_RETURN
}

如何使用...示例...

char sFileData[] = "[MySection]\r\n"
"MyValue1 = 123\r\n"
"MyValue2 = 456\r\n"
"MyValue3 = 789\r\n"
"\r\n"
"[MySection]\r\n"
"MyValue1 = Hello1\r\n"
"MyValue2 = Hello2\r\n"
"MyValue3 = Hello3\r\n"
"\r\n";
char str[256];
char* sSec = sFileData;
char secName[] = "[MySection]"; //we support sections with same name
while(sSec)//while we have a valid sNextSec
{
    //print values of the sections
    char* next=0;//in case we dont have any sucessful grabs
    if(GrabIniValue(sSec,secName,"MyValue1",str,sizeof(str),&next)) { printf("MyValue1 = [%s]\n",str); }
    if(GrabIniValue(sSec,secName,"MyValue2",str,sizeof(str),0))     { printf("MyValue2 = [%s]\n",str); }
    if(GrabIniValue(sSec,secName,"MyValue3",str,sizeof(str),0))     { printf("MyValue3 = [%s]\n",str); }
    printf("\n");
    sSec = next; //parse next section, next will be null if no more sections to parse
}

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