Answers:
这样的事情会满足您的需求吗?
class Test(object):
def _decorator(foo):
def magic( self ) :
print "start magic"
foo( self )
print "end magic"
return magic
@_decorator
def bar( self ) :
print "normal call"
test = Test()
test.bar()
这样可以避免调用self来访问装饰器,并将其作为常规方法隐藏在类命名空间中。
>>> import stackoverflow
>>> test = stackoverflow.Test()
>>> test.bar()
start magic
normal call
end magic
>>>
编辑以回答评论中的问题:
如何在另一个类中使用隐藏的装饰器
class Test(object):
def _decorator(foo):
def magic( self ) :
print "start magic"
foo( self )
print "end magic"
return magic
@_decorator
def bar( self ) :
print "normal call"
_decorator = staticmethod( _decorator )
class TestB( Test ):
@Test._decorator
def bar( self ):
print "override bar in"
super( TestB, self ).bar()
print "override bar out"
print "Normal:"
test = Test()
test.bar()
print
print "Inherited:"
b = TestB()
b.bar()
print
输出:
Normal:
start magic
normal call
end magic
Inherited:
start magic
override bar in
start magic
normal call
end magic
override bar out
end magic
您想做的事是不可能的。例如,下面的代码是否有效:
class Test(object):
def _decorator(self, foo):
foo()
def bar(self):
pass
bar = self._decorator(bar)
当然,它是无效的,因为那时self
还没有定义。同样的道理,Test
直到定义了类本身(在过程中)才被定义。我正在向您显示此代码段,因为这是您的装饰程序段所转换的内容。
因此,正如您所看到的那样,实际上不可能在这样的装饰器中访问实例,因为装饰器是在定义它们所附加的函数/方法的过程中而不是在实例化过程中应用的。
如果您需要类级别的访问权限,请尝试以下操作:
class Test(object):
@classmethod
def _decorator(cls, foo):
foo()
def bar(self):
pass
Test.bar = Test._decorator(Test.bar)
import functools
class Example:
def wrapper(func):
@functools.wraps(func)
def wrap(self, *args, **kwargs):
print("inside wrap")
return func(self, *args, **kwargs)
return wrap
@wrapper
def method(self):
print("METHOD")
wrapper = staticmethod(wrapper)
e = Example()
e.method()
@foo
,而不是@foo()
wrapper
应该self
吗?
我在某些调试情况下使用这种类型的装饰器,它允许通过装饰来覆盖类属性,而无需找到调用函数。
class myclass(object):
def __init__(self):
self.property = "HELLO"
@adecorator(property="GOODBYE")
def method(self):
print self.property
这是装饰代码
class adecorator (object):
def __init__ (self, *args, **kwargs):
# store arguments passed to the decorator
self.args = args
self.kwargs = kwargs
def __call__(self, func):
def newf(*args, **kwargs):
#the 'self' for a method function is passed as args[0]
slf = args[0]
# replace and store the attributes
saved = {}
for k,v in self.kwargs.items():
if hasattr(slf, k):
saved[k] = getattr(slf,k)
setattr(slf, k, v)
# call the method
ret = func(*args, **kwargs)
#put things back
for k,v in saved.items():
setattr(slf, k, v)
return ret
newf.__doc__ = func.__doc__
return newf
注意:因为我使用了类装饰器,所以即使您没有将任何参数传递给装饰器类构造函数,也需要使用@adecorator()放在方括号中来装饰函数。
这是self
从decorator
同一类内部定义的内部访问(并已使用)的一种方法:
class Thing(object):
def __init__(self, name):
self.name = name
def debug_name(function):
def debug_wrapper(*args):
self = args[0]
print 'self.name = ' + self.name
print 'running function {}()'.format(function.__name__)
function(*args)
print 'self.name = ' + self.name
return debug_wrapper
@debug_name
def set_name(self, new_name):
self.name = new_name
输出(在上测试Python 2.7.10
):
>>> a = Thing('A')
>>> a.name
'A'
>>> a.set_name('B')
self.name = A
running function set_name()
self.name = B
>>> a.name
'B'
上面的示例很愚蠢,但是可以。
我在研究一个非常相似的问题时发现了这个问题。我的解决方案是将问题分为两部分。首先,您需要捕获要与类方法关联的数据。在这种情况下,handler_for将Unix命令与该命令输出的处理程序相关联。
class OutputAnalysis(object):
"analyze the output of diagnostic commands"
def handler_for(name):
"decorator to associate a function with a command"
def wrapper(func):
func.handler_for = name
return func
return wrapper
# associate mount_p with 'mount_-p.txt'
@handler_for('mount -p')
def mount_p(self, slurped):
pass
现在,我们已将某些数据与每个类方法相关联,我们需要收集该数据并将其存储在class属性中。
OutputAnalysis.cmd_handler = {}
for value in OutputAnalysis.__dict__.itervalues():
try:
OutputAnalysis.cmd_handler[value.handler_for] = value
except AttributeError:
pass
这是迈克尔·斯佩尔(Michael Speer)的答案的扩展,以进一步采取一些措施:
一个实例方法装饰器,它接受参数并通过参数和返回值作用于函数。
class Test(object):
"Prints if x == y. Throws an error otherwise."
def __init__(self, x):
self.x = x
def _outer_decorator(y):
def _decorator(foo):
def magic(self, *args, **kwargs) :
print("start magic")
if self.x == y:
return foo(self, *args, **kwargs)
else:
raise ValueError("x ({}) != y ({})".format(self.x, y))
print("end magic")
return magic
return _decorator
@_outer_decorator(y=3)
def bar(self, *args, **kwargs) :
print("normal call")
print("args: {}".format(args))
print("kwargs: {}".format(kwargs))
return 27
然后
In [2]:
test = Test(3)
test.bar(
13,
'Test',
q=9,
lollipop=[1,2,3]
)
start magic
normal call
args: (13, 'Test')
kwargs: {'q': 9, 'lollipop': [1, 2, 3]}
Out[2]:
27
In [3]:
test = Test(4)
test.bar(
13,
'Test',
q=9,
lollipop=[1,2,3]
)
start magic
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
ValueError Traceback (most recent call last)
<ipython-input-3-576146b3d37e> in <module>()
4 'Test',
5 q=9,
----> 6 lollipop=[1,2,3]
7 )
<ipython-input-1-428f22ac6c9b> in magic(self, *args, **kwargs)
11 return foo(self, *args, **kwargs)
12 else:
---> 13 raise ValueError("x ({}) != y ({})".format(self.x, y))
14 print("end magic")
15 return magic
ValueError: x (4) != y (3)
装饰器似乎更适合于修改整个对象(包括函数对象)的功能,而不是通常取决于实例属性的对象方法的功能。例如:
def mod_bar(cls):
# returns modified class
def decorate(fcn):
# returns decorated function
def new_fcn(self):
print self.start_str
print fcn(self)
print self.end_str
return new_fcn
cls.bar = decorate(cls.bar)
return cls
@mod_bar
class Test(object):
def __init__(self):
self.start_str = "starting dec"
self.end_str = "ending dec"
def bar(self):
return "bar"
输出为:
>>> import Test
>>> a = Test()
>>> a.bar()
starting dec
bar
ending dec
我有一个可以帮助的装饰器实施
import functools
import datetime
class Decorator(object):
def __init__(self):
pass
def execution_time(func):
@functools.wraps(func)
def wrap(self, *args, **kwargs):
""" Wrapper Function """
start = datetime.datetime.now()
Tem = func(self, *args, **kwargs)
end = datetime.datetime.now()
print("Exection Time:{}".format(end-start))
return Tem
return wrap
class Test(Decorator):
def __init__(self):
self._MethodName = Test.funca.__name__
@Decorator.execution_time
def funca(self):
print("Running Function : {}".format(self._MethodName))
return True
if __name__ == "__main__":
obj = Test()
data = obj.funca()
print(data)
在内部阶级中宣布。此解决方案非常可靠,建议使用。
class Test(object):
class Decorators(object):
@staticmethod
def decorator(foo):
def magic(self, *args, **kwargs) :
print("start magic")
foo(self, *args, **kwargs)
print("end magic")
return magic
@Decorators.decorator
def bar( self ) :
print("normal call")
test = Test()
test.bar()
结果:
>>> test = Test()
>>> test.bar()
start magic
normal call
end magic
>>>