Answers:
您需要分别转换每个表:
ALTER TABLE mytable CONVERT TO CHARACTER SET utf8mb4
(这也将转换列),或使用导出数据库,latin1
然后使用将其导入回来utf8mb4
。
@rsensan
:CONVERT
也将更改列的排序规则。
database
默认字符集utf8默认集合utf8_general_ci;
MYTABLE
CONVERT TO CHARACTER SET utf8mb4 COLLATE utf8mb4_unicode_ci; 请不要再使用utf8_general_ci ;-)
我在此做出贡献,正如OP所问的那样:
如何更改数据库,表,列的排序规则?
所选答案仅在表级别上说明。
在数据库范围内更改它:
ALTER DATABASE <database_name> CHARACTER SET utf8mb4 COLLATE utf8mb4_unicode_ci;
更改每个表:
ALTER TABLE <table_name> CONVERT TO CHARACTER SET utf8mb4 COLLATE utf8mb4_unicode_ci;
优良作法是在表级别进行更改,因为它也会在列中进行更改。更改特定列适用于任何特定情况。
更改特定列的排序规则:
ALTER TABLE <table_name> MODIFY <column_name> VARCHAR(255) CHARACTER SET utf8mb4 COLLATE utf8mb4_unicode_ci;
SELECT table_schema , table_name , column_name , COLLATION_NAME , COLUMN_TYPE FROM information_schema.columns WHERE collation_name != 'utf8_general_ci' AND table_schema not in ('information_schema','mysql', 'performance_schema','sys');
您可以运行php脚本。
<?php
$con = mysql_connect('localhost','user','password');
if(!$con) { echo "Cannot connect to the database ";die();}
mysql_select_db('dbname');
$result=mysql_query('show tables');
while($tables = mysql_fetch_array($result)) {
foreach ($tables as $key => $value) {
mysql_query("ALTER TABLE $value CONVERT TO CHARACTER SET utf8 COLLATE utf8_general_ci");
}}
echo "The collation of your database has been successfully changed!";
?>
以下查询将生成ALTER查询,该查询将所有表中所有适当列的排序规则更改为某种类型(在下面的示例中为utf8_general_ci)。
SELECT concat
(
'ALTER TABLE ',
t1.TABLE_SCHEMA,
'.',
t1.table_name,
' MODIFY ',
t1.column_name,
' ',
t1.data_type,
'(' ,
CHARACTER_MAXIMUM_LENGTH,
')',
' CHARACTER SET utf8 COLLATE utf8_general_ci;'
)
from
information_schema.columns t1
where
t1.TABLE_SCHEMA like 'you_db_name_goes_here' AND
t1.COLLATION_NAME IS NOT NULL AND
t1.COLLATION_NAME NOT IN ('utf8_general_ci');
information_schema.tables
的代码和concat中的代码ALTER TABLE 'schema'.'table' CHARACTER SET = utf8mb4 , COLLATE = utf8mb4_bin ;
如果您运行phpMyAdmin >>选择数据库>>选择表>>转到“操作”选项卡>>在“表选项”部分>>您可以从下拉列表中选择“排序规则”,然后在在屏幕顶部,您将看到一条消息:
您的SQL查询已成功执行
和一个脚本
ALTER TABLE `tableName` CONVERT TO CHARACTER SET utf8 COLLATE utf8_general_ci
但这不会更改现有列的排序规则。为此,您可以使用此脚本(该脚本也来自phpMyAdmin)
ALTER TABLE `tableName` CHANGE `Name` `Name` VARCHAR( 255 ) CHARACTER SET utf8 COLLATE utf8_general_ci NOT NULL
您可以在多个级别上设置默认排序规则:
http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.0/zh-CN/charset-syntax.html
1)客户端2)服务器默认3)数据库默认4)表默认5)列
您可以通过PHP脚本如下更改所有表的CHARSET和COLLATION。我喜欢hkasera的答案,但问题在于查询在每个表上运行两次。除了使用MySqli代替mysql并防止重复查询外,这段代码几乎相同。如果我可以投票,我本来会投票赞成hkasera的。
<?php
$conn1=new MySQLi("localhost","user","password","database");
if($conn1->connect_errno){
echo mysqli_connect_error();
exit;
}
$res=$conn1->query("show tables") or die($conn1->error);
while($tables=$res->fetch_array()){
$conn1->query("ALTER TABLE $tables[0] CONVERT TO CHARACTER SET utf8mb4 COLLATE utf8mb4_unicode_ci") or die($conn1->error);
}
echo "The collation of your database has been successfully changed!";
$res->free();
$conn1->close();
?>
CONVERT TO CHARACTER SET utf8 COLLATE utf8_bin
。
您可以简单地将此代码添加到脚本文件
//Database Connection
$host = 'localhost';
$db_name = 'your_database_name';
$db_user = 'your_database_user_name';
$db_pass = 'your_database_user_password';
$con = mysql_connect($host,$db_user,$db_pass);
if(!$con) { echo "Cannot connect to the database ";die();}
mysql_select_db($db_name);
$result=mysql_query('show tables');
while($tables = mysql_fetch_array($result)) {
foreach ($tables as $key => $value) {
mysql_query("ALTER TABLE $value CONVERT TO CHARACTER SET utf8 COLLATE utf8_general_ci");
}
}
echo "The collation of your database has been successfully changed!";
我很惊讶地学习,因此我不得不回到这里报告一下,出色且维护良好的互连/安全数据库搜索和替换脚本具有一些选项,可以将表转换为utf8 / unicode,甚至可以转换为innodb。 。它是一种脚本,通常用于将数据库驱动的网站(Wordpress,Drupal,Joomla等)从一个域迁移到另一个域。
我在这里读到它,您需要手动转换每个表,这是不正确的。这是一个解决方案,如何使用存储过程:
DELIMITER $$
DROP PROCEDURE IF EXISTS changeCollation$$
-- character_set parameter could be 'utf8'
-- or 'latin1' or any other valid character set
CREATE PROCEDURE changeCollation(IN character_set VARCHAR(255))
BEGIN
DECLARE v_finished INTEGER DEFAULT 0;
DECLARE v_table_name varchar(255) DEFAULT "";
DECLARE v_message varchar(4000) DEFAULT "No records";
-- This will create a cursor that selects each table,
-- where the character set is not the one
-- that is defined in the parameter
DECLARE alter_cursor CURSOR FOR SELECT DISTINCT TABLE_NAME
FROM INFORMATION_SCHEMA.COLUMNS WHERE TABLE_SCHEMA = DATABASE()
AND COLLATION_NAME NOT LIKE CONCAT(character_set, '_%');
-- This handler will set the value v_finished to 1
-- if there are no more rows
DECLARE CONTINUE HANDLER
FOR NOT FOUND SET v_finished = 1;
OPEN alter_cursor;
-- Start a loop to fetch each rows from the cursor
get_table: LOOP
-- Fetch the table names one by one
FETCH alter_cursor INTO v_table_name;
-- If there is no more record, then we have to skip
-- the commands inside the loop
IF v_finished = 1 THEN
LEAVE get_table;
END IF;
IF v_table_name != '' THEN
IF v_message = 'No records' THEN
SET v_message = '';
END IF;
-- This technic makes the trick, it prepares a statement
-- that is based on the v_table_name parameter and it means
-- that this one is different by each iteration inside the loop
SET @s = CONCAT('ALTER TABLE ',v_table_name,
' CONVERT TO CHARACTER SET ', character_set);
PREPARE stmt FROM @s;
EXECUTE stmt;
DEALLOCATE PREPARE stmt;
SET v_message = CONCAT('The table ', v_table_name ,
' was changed to the default collation of ', character_set,
'.\n', v_message);
SET v_table_name = '';
END IF;
-- Close the loop and the cursor
END LOOP get_table;
CLOSE alter_cursor;
-- Returns information about the altered tables or 'No records'
SELECT v_message;
END $$
DELIMITER ;
创建过程后,只需简单地调用它:
CALL changeCollation('utf8');
有关更多详细信息,请阅读此博客。
如果要更新架构上的默认字符集,请执行以下操作:
ALTER SCHEMA MYSCHEMA DEFAULT CHARACTER SET utf8 DEFAULT COLLATE utf8_unicode_ci;
我使用了以下shell脚本。它以数据库名称为参数,并将所有表转换为另一个字符集和排序规则(由脚本中定义的另一个参数或默认值提供)。
#!/bin/bash
# mycollate.sh <database> [<charset> <collation>]
# changes MySQL/MariaDB charset and collation for one database - all tables and
# all columns in all tables
DB="$1"
CHARSET="$2"
COLL="$3"
[ -n "$DB" ] || exit 1
[ -n "$CHARSET" ] || CHARSET="utf8mb4"
[ -n "$COLL" ] || COLL="utf8mb4_general_ci"
echo $DB
echo "ALTER DATABASE $DB CHARACTER SET $CHARSET COLLATE $COLL;" | mysql
echo "USE $DB; SHOW TABLES;" | mysql -s | (
while read TABLE; do
echo $DB.$TABLE
echo "ALTER TABLE $TABLE CONVERT TO CHARACTER SET $CHARSET COLLATE $COLL;" | mysql $DB
done
)
我的解决方案是@Dzintars和@Quassnoi Answer的组合。
SELECT CONCAT("ALTER TABLE ", TABLE_SCHEMA, '.', TABLE_NAME," CONVERT TO CHARACTER SET utf8mb4 ;") AS ExecuteTheString
FROM INFORMATION_SCHEMA.TABLES
WHERE TABLE_SCHEMA="<your-database>"
AND TABLE_TYPE="BASE TABLE";
通过使用CONVERT TO
,这将生成一个脚本,该脚本会将的所有表转换<your-database>
为您请求的编码。这也会更改每列的编码!
通过SQL请求生成SQL脚本的更好变体。它不会破坏默认值/空值。
SELECT concat
(
'ALTER TABLE ',
t1.TABLE_SCHEMA,
'.',
t1.table_name,
' MODIFY ',
t1.column_name,
' ',
t1.column_type,
' CHARACTER SET utf8 COLLATE utf8_general_ci',
if(t1.is_nullable='YES', ' NULL', ' NOT NULL'),
if(t1.column_default is not null, concat(' DEFAULT \'', t1.column_default, '\''), ''),
';'
)
from
information_schema.columns t1
where
t1.TABLE_SCHEMA like 'your_table_here' AND
t1.COLLATION_NAME IS NOT NULL AND
t1.COLLATION_NAME NOT IN ('utf8_general_ci');
一次更改数据库所有表中所有字段的排序规则:
我只是在前面提到的通过Php将表中字段的另一个循环添加到解决方案中。这有所帮助,表中的所有字段也都进行了转换。
<?php
$con = mysql_connect('localhost','user','pw');
if(!$con) { echo "Cannot connect to the database ";die();}
mysql_select_db('database_name');
$result=mysql_query('show tables');
while($tables = mysql_fetch_array($result)) {
foreach ($tables as $key => $table) { // for each table
$sql = "ALTER TABLE $table CONVERT TO CHARACTER SET utf8 COLLATE utf8_general_ci";
echo "\n".$sql;
mysql_query($sql);
$sql = "show fields in ".$table." where type like 'varchar%' or type like 'char%' or type='text' or type='mediumtext';";
$rs2=mysql_query($sql);
while( $rw2 = mysql_fetch_array($rs2) ){ // for each field in table
$sql = "ALTER TABLE `".$table."` CHANGE `".$rw2['Field']."` `".$rw2['Field']."` ".$rw2['Type']." CHARACTER SET utf8 COLLATE utf8_general_ci NOT NULL;";
echo "\n".$sql;
mysql_query($sql);
}
}
}
echo "The collation of your database has been successfully changed!";
?>}
我刚刚编写了一个bash脚本来查找给定数据库中的所有表并对其进行隐蔽(及其列)。
脚本在这里可用:https : //github.com/Juddling/mysql-charset