如何使用Jasmine测试AngularJS服务？

（这里有一个相关的问题：Jasmine测试没有看到AngularJS模块）

我只想在不引导Angular的情况下测试服务。

我看了一些例子和教程，但是我什么也不会去。

我只有三个文件：

• myService.js：在这里定义AngularJS服务

• test_myService.js：在此处定义服务的Jasmine测试。

• specRunner.html：一个具有常规茉莉花配置的HTML文件，在这里我导入了其他两个文件以及茉莉花，Angularjs和angular-mocks.js。

这是该服务的代码（在我未测试时可以正常工作）：

var myModule = angular.module('myModule', []);

myModule.factory('myService', function(){

    var serviceImplementation   = {};
    serviceImplementation.one   = 1;
    serviceImplementation.two   = 2;
    serviceImplementation.three = 3;

    return serviceImplementation

});

当我尝试单独测试服务时，我应该能够访问它并检查其方法。我的问题是：如何在不引导AngularJS的情况下在测试中注入服务？

例如，如何使用Jasmine测试服务方法返回的值，如下所示：

describe('myService test', function(){
    describe('when I call myService.one', function(){
        it('returns 1', function(){
            myModule = angular.module('myModule');
                    //something is missing here..
            expect( myService.one ).toEqual(1);
        })

    })

});

问题在于，在上面的示例中未调用实例化服务的工厂方法（仅创建模块不会实例化服务）。

为了实例化服务，必须在定义我们服务的模块中调用angular.injector。然后，我们可以向新的注入器对象请求该服务，并且只有在最终实例化该服务时才请求它。

像这样的作品：

describe('myService test', function(){
    describe('when I call myService.one', function(){
        it('returns 1', function(){
            var $injector = angular.injector([ 'myModule' ]);
            var myService = $injector.get( 'myService' );
            expect( myService.one ).toEqual(1);
        })

    })

});

另一种方法是使用' invoke ' 将服务传递给函数：

describe('myService test', function(){
    describe('when I call myService.one', function(){
        it('returns 1', function(){

            myTestFunction = function(aService){
                expect( aService.one ).toEqual(1);
            }

            //we only need the following line if the name of the 
            //parameter in myTestFunction is not 'myService' or if
            //the code is going to be minify.
            myTestFunction.$inject = [ 'myService' ];

            var myInjector = angular.injector([ 'myModule' ]);
            myInjector.invoke( myTestFunction );
        })

    })

});

最后，“正确”的方法是在“ beforeEach ”茉莉花块中使用“ inject ”和“ module ” 。在执行此操作时，我们必须意识到“注入”功能不是在标准的angularjs软件包中，而是在ngMock模块中，并且它只能与茉莉一起使用。

describe('myService test', function(){
    describe('when I call myService.one', function(){
        beforeEach(module('myModule'));
        it('returns 1', inject(function(myService){ //parameter name = service name

            expect( myService.one ).toEqual(1);

        }))

    })

});

尽管上面的答案可能很好（我还没有尝试过:)），但是我经常要运行更多的测试，所以我自己不会注入测试。我将it（）情况分组到describe块中，然后在每个describe块中的beforeEach（）或beforeAll（）中运行我的注入。

Robert也是对的，因为他说您必须使用Angular $ injector使测试知道服务或工厂。Angular在您的应用程序中也使用了该注射器本身，以告知应用程序可用。但是，可以在多个位置调用它，也可以隐式调用而不是显式调用。您会在下面的示例规格测试文件示例中注意到，beforeEach（）块隐式调用了注射器，以使事情可在测试中分配。

回到分组并使用前块的方式，这是一个小例子。我正在制作Cat服务，并且想要对其进行测试，因此我编写和测试Service的简单设置如下所示：

app.js

var catsApp = angular.module('catsApp', ['ngMockE2E']);

angular.module('catsApp.mocks', [])
.value('StaticCatsData', function() {
  return [{
    id: 1,
    title: "Commando",
    name: "Kitty MeowMeow",
    score: 123
  }, {
    id: 2,
    title: "Raw Deal",
    name: "Basketpaws",
    score: 17
  }, {
    id: 3,
    title: "Predator",
    name: "Noseboops",
    score: 184
  }];
});

catsApp.factory('LoggingService', ['$log', function($log) {

  // Private Helper: Object or String or what passed
    // for logging? Let's make it String-readable...
  function _parseStuffIntoMessage(stuff) {
    var message = "";
    if (typeof stuff !== "string") {
      message = JSON.stringify(stuff)
    } else {
      message = stuff;
    }

    return message;
  }

  /**
   * @summary
   * Write a log statement for debug or informational purposes.
   */
  var write = function(stuff) {
    var log_msg = _parseStuffIntoMessage(stuff);
    $log.log(log_msg);
  }

  /**
   * @summary
   * Write's an error out to the console.
   */
  var error = function(stuff) {
    var err_msg = _parseStuffIntoMessage(stuff);
    $log.error(err_msg);
  }

  return {
    error: error,
    write: write
  };

}])

catsApp.factory('CatsService', ['$http', 'LoggingService', function($http, Logging) {

  /*
    response:
      data, status, headers, config, statusText
  */
  var Success_Callback = function(response) {
    Logging.write("CatsService::getAllCats()::Success!");
    return {"status": status, "data": data};
  }

  var Error_Callback = function(response) {
    Logging.error("CatsService::getAllCats()::Error!");
    return {"status": status, "data": data};
  }

  var allCats = function() {
    console.log('# Cats.allCats()');
    return $http.get('/cats')
      .then(Success_Callback, Error_Callback);
  }

  return {
    getAllCats: allCats
  };

}]);

var CatsController = function(Cats, $scope) {

  var vm = this;

  vm.cats = [];

  // ========================

  /**
   * @summary
   * Initializes the controller.
   */
  vm.activate = function() {
    console.log('* CatsCtrl.activate()!');

    // Get ALL the cats!
    Cats.getAllCats().then(
      function(litter) {
        console.log('> ', litter);
        vm.cats = litter;
        console.log('>>> ', vm.cats);
      }  
    );
  }

  vm.activate();

}
CatsController.$inject = ['CatsService', '$scope'];
catsApp.controller('CatsCtrl', CatsController);

规格：猫控制器

'use strict';

describe('Unit Tests: Cats Controller', function() {

    var $scope, $q, deferred, $controller, $rootScope, catsCtrl, mockCatsData, createCatsCtrl;

    beforeEach(module('catsApp'));
    beforeEach(module('catsApp.mocks'));

    var catsServiceMock;

    beforeEach(inject(function(_$q_, _$controller_, $injector, StaticCatsData) {
      $q = _$q_;
      $controller = _$controller_;

      deferred = $q.defer();

      mockCatsData = StaticCatsData();

      // ToDo:
        // Put catsServiceMock inside of module "catsApp.mocks" ?
      catsServiceMock = {
        getAllCats: function() {
          // Just give back the data we expect.
          deferred.resolve(mockCatsData);
          // Mock the Promise, too, so it can run
            // and call .then() as expected
          return deferred.promise;
        }
      };
    }));


    // Controller MOCK
    var createCatsController;
    // beforeEach(inject(function (_$rootScope_, $controller, FakeCatsService) {
    beforeEach(inject(function (_$rootScope_, $controller, CatsService) {

      $rootScope = _$rootScope_;

      $scope = $rootScope.$new();
      createCatsController = function() {
          return $controller('CatsCtrl', {
              '$scope': $scope,
              CatsService: catsServiceMock
          });    
      };
    }));

    // ==========================

    it('should have NO cats loaded at first', function() {
      catsCtrl = createCatsController();

      expect(catsCtrl.cats).toBeDefined();
      expect(catsCtrl.cats.length).toEqual(0);
    });

    it('should call "activate()" on load, but only once', function() {
      catsCtrl = createCatsController();
      spyOn(catsCtrl, 'activate').and.returnValue(mockCatsData);

      // *** For some reason, Auto-Executing init functions
      // aren't working for me in Plunkr?
      // I have to call it once manually instead of relying on
      // $scope creation to do it... Sorry, not sure why.
      catsCtrl.activate();
      $rootScope.$digest();   // ELSE ...then() does NOT resolve.

      expect(catsCtrl.activate).toBeDefined();
      expect(catsCtrl.activate).toHaveBeenCalled();
      expect(catsCtrl.activate.calls.count()).toEqual(1);

      // Test/Expect additional  conditions for 
        // "Yes, the controller was activated right!"
      // (A) - there is be cats
      expect(catsCtrl.cats.length).toBeGreaterThan(0);
    });

    // (B) - there is be cats SUCH THAT
      // can haz these properties...
    it('each cat will have a NAME, TITLE and SCORE', function() {
      catsCtrl = createCatsController();
      spyOn(catsCtrl, 'activate').and.returnValue(mockCatsData);

      // *** and again...
      catsCtrl.activate();
      $rootScope.$digest();   // ELSE ...then() does NOT resolve.

      var names = _.map(catsCtrl.cats, function(cat) { return cat.name; })
      var titles = _.map(catsCtrl.cats, function(cat) { return cat.title; })
      var scores = _.map(catsCtrl.cats, function(cat) { return cat.score; })

      expect(names.length).toEqual(3);
      expect(titles.length).toEqual(3);
      expect(scores.length).toEqual(3); 
    });

});

规格：猫服务

'use strict';

describe('Unit Tests: Cats Service', function() {

  var $scope, $rootScope, $log, cats, logging, $httpBackend, mockCatsData;

  beforeEach(module('catsApp'));
  beforeEach(module('catsApp.mocks'));

  describe('has a method: getAllCats() that', function() {

    beforeEach(inject(function($q, _$rootScope_, _$httpBackend_, _$log_, $injector, StaticCatsData) {
      cats = $injector.get('CatsService');
      $rootScope = _$rootScope_;
      $httpBackend = _$httpBackend_;

      // We don't want to test the resolving of *actual data*
      // in a unit test.
      // The "proper" place for that is in Integration Test, which
      // is basically a unit test that is less mocked - you test
      // the endpoints and responses and APIs instead of the
      // specific service behaviors.
      mockCatsData = StaticCatsData();

      // For handling Promises and deferrals in our Service calls...
      var deferred = $q.defer();
      deferred.resolve(mockCatsData); //  always resolved, you can do it from your spec

      // jasmine 2.0
        // Spy + Promise Mocking
        // spyOn(obj, 'method'), (assumes obj.method is a function)
      spyOn(cats, 'getAllCats').and.returnValue(deferred.promise);

      /*
        To mock $http as a dependency, use $httpBackend to
        setup HTTP calls and expectations.
      */
      $httpBackend.whenGET('/cats').respond(200, mockCatsData);
    }));

    afterEach(function() {
      $httpBackend.verifyNoOutstandingExpectation();
      $httpBackend.verifyNoOutstandingRequest();
    })

    it(' exists/is defined', function() {
      expect( cats.getAllCats ).toBeDefined();
      expect( typeof cats.getAllCats ).toEqual("function");
    });

    it(' returns an array of Cats, where each cat has a NAME, TITLE and SCORE', function() {
      cats.getAllCats().then(function(data) {
        var names = _.map(data, function(cat) { return cat.name; })
        var titles = _.map(data, function(cat) { return cat.title; })
        var scores = _.map(data, function(cat) { return cat.score; })

        expect(names.length).toEqual(3);
        expect(titles.length).toEqual(3);
        expect(scores.length).toEqual(3);
      })
    });

  })

  describe('has a method: getAllCats() that also logs', function() {

      var cats, $log, logging;

      beforeEach(inject(
        function(_$log_, $injector) {
          cats = $injector.get('CatsService');
          $log = _$log_;
          logging = $injector.get('LoggingService');

          spyOn(cats, 'getAllCats').and.callThrough();
        }
      ))

      it('that on SUCCESS, $logs to the console a success message', function() {
        cats.getAllCats().then(function(data) {
          expect(logging.write).toHaveBeenCalled();
          expect( $log.log.logs ).toContain(["CatsService::getAllCats()::Success!"]);
        })
      });

    })

});

编辑 根据一些评论，我将答案更新为稍微复杂一点，并且还组成了一个Plunkr演示单元测试。具体来说，其中一条评论提到“如果控制器的服务本身具有简单的依赖关系，例如$ log，该怎么办？” -包含在测试用例的示例中。希望能帮助到你！测试或破解星球！！！

https://embed.plnkr.co/aSPHnr/

我需要测试一个指令，该指令需要另一个指令Google Places Autocomplete，我正在讨论是否应该对其进行模拟...无论如何，这样做不会为需要gPlacesAutocomplete的指令抛出任何错误。

describe('Test directives:', function() {
    beforeEach(module(...));
    beforeEach(module(...));
    beforeEach(function() {
        angular.module('google.places', [])
        .directive('gPlacesAutocomplete',function() {
            return {
                require: ['ngModel'],
                restrict: 'A',
                scope:{},
                controller: function() { return {}; }
             };
        });
     });
     beforeEach(module('google.places'));
});

如果要测试控制器，可以按以下步骤进行注入和测试。

describe('When access Controller', function () {
    beforeEach(module('app'));

    var $controller;

    beforeEach(inject(function (_$controller_) {
        // The injector unwraps the underscores (_) from around the parameter names when matching
        $controller = _$controller_;
    }));

    describe('$scope.objectState', function () {
        it('is saying hello', function () {
            var $scope = {};
            var controller = $controller('yourController', { $scope: $scope });
            expect($scope.objectState).toEqual('hello');
        });
    });
});