仅将唯一项添加到列表

Question 1

我将远程设备添加到列表中，因为它们会在网络上宣布自己。我只想将设备添加到列表中（如果以前未添加过）。

这些通知是通过异步套接字侦听器传递的，因此添加设备的代码可以在多个线程上运行。我不确定自己做错了什么，但不管尝试什么，最终都会出现重复。这是我目前拥有的.....

lock (_remoteDevicesLock)
{
    RemoteDevice rDevice = (from d in _remoteDevices
                            where d.UUID.Trim().Equals(notifyMessage.UUID.Trim(), StringComparison.OrdinalIgnoreCase)
                            select d).FirstOrDefault();
     if (rDevice != null)
     {
         //Update Device.....
     }
     else
     {
         //Create A New Remote Device
         rDevice = new RemoteDevice(notifyMessage.UUID);
         _remoteDevices.Add(rDevice);
     }
}

Question 2

如果您的要求没有重复项，则应使用HashSet。

当该项目已经存在时，HashSet.Add将返回false（即使这对您来说也很重要）。

您可以使用@pstrjds链接到以下（或此处）的构造函数来定义相等运算符，否则您将需要在RemoteDevice（GetHashCode＆Equals）中实现相等方法。

Question 3

//HashSet allows only the unique values to the list
HashSet<int> uniqueList = new HashSet<int>();

var a = uniqueList.Add(1);
var b = uniqueList.Add(2);
var c = uniqueList.Add(3);
var d = uniqueList.Add(2); // should not be added to the list but will not crash the app

//Dictionary allows only the unique Keys to the list, Values can be repeated
Dictionary<int, string> dict = new Dictionary<int, string>();

dict.Add(1,"Happy");
dict.Add(2, "Smile");
dict.Add(3, "Happy");
dict.Add(2, "Sad"); // should be failed // Run time error "An item with the same key has already been added." App will crash

//Dictionary allows only the unique Keys to the list, Values can be repeated
Dictionary<string, int> dictRev = new Dictionary<string, int>();

dictRev.Add("Happy", 1);
dictRev.Add("Smile", 2);
dictRev.Add("Happy", 3); // should be failed // Run time error "An item with the same key has already been added." App will crash
dictRev.Add("Sad", 2);

Question 4

就像接受的答案说的那样，HashSet没有订单。如果订单很重要，则可以在添加之前继续使用列表并检查其中是否包含该项目。

if (_remoteDevices.Contains(rDevice))
    _remoteDevices.Add(rDevice);

在自定义类/对象上执行List.Contains（）要求IEquatable<T>在自定义类上实现或覆盖Equals。同样GetHashCode在类中实现也是一个好主意。这是根据https://msdn.microsoft.com/zh-cn/library/ms224763.aspx上的文档

public class RemoteDevice: IEquatable<RemoteDevice>
{
    private readonly int id;
    public RemoteDevice(int uuid)
    {
        id = id
    }
    public int GetId
    {
        get { return id; }
    }

    // ...

    public bool Equals(RemoteDevice other)
    {
        if (this.GetId == other.GetId)
            return true;
        else
            return false;
    }
    public override int GetHashCode()
    {
        return id;
    }
}