如何在Python中生成键盘事件？

96

简短的摘要：

我正在尝试创建一个程序，该程序会将键盘事件发送到计算机，出于所有目的，模拟事件应视为键盘上的实际按键。

原始帖子：

我正在寻找一种使用python生成键盘事件的方法。

假设该函数收到一个必须模拟按下的键，如下所示：

keyboardevent('a') #lower case 'a'
keyboardevent('B') #upper case 'B'
keyboardevent('->') # right arrow key

def keyboardevent(key):
    #code that simulated 'key' being pressed on keyboard

上面显然是示例，但是我正在寻找的是库，模块或其他任何可用来模拟键盘事件的库。

注意：这不同于将字符发送到记事本，或在字段等中输入文本。我希望python脚本模拟实际的键盘事件，计算机会认为确实存在键盘事件。

特别提示：

我不想将击键发送到活动窗口-我希望系统相信键盘的键被按下，这是细微的差别，因为某些活动窗口不接受某些键组合，或者我想使用键盘快捷键对于通过我的脚本进行的后台进程，它们不需要通过活动窗口

到目前为止，我已经看过这些东西：

为最前端的应用程序生成键盘事件

如何通过Python生成键盘按键事件？

都是关于苹果的，根本没有帮助。

还有这个：

在Python上模拟键盘和鼠标的最简单方法是什么？

看来这可能是我所需要的，但是我找不到该库或任何文档。

我也搜索了更多地方，但尚未找到解决方案。

python  keyboard-events 
— 英巴玫瑰
source
3
我唯一知道的是SendKeys，仅Windows。这似乎是一个没有跨平台解决方案的问题。你为什么需要这个？您要解决什么问题？
— 史蒂芬·鲁姆巴尔斯基
对于X平台xdotool，默认情况下已安装但通常未安装。我认为阅读文档X并不难，因为用C语言编写一个最小的模块可以满足您的要求（我相信xsendkeys大约有一段时间才有一个程序）。
— Bakuriu 2012年
@StevenRumbalski谢谢，这看起来很有希望，但是我想补充一下，我将编辑我的问题。我不想将击键发送到活动窗口-我希望系统相信键盘按键被按下，这是细微的差别，因为某些活动窗口不接受某些键组合，或者我想使用键盘快捷方式进行后台处理通过我的脚本，他们不需要浏览活动窗口。
— Inbar Rose 2012年
3
它必须是纯python吗？必须跨平台吗？
— zenpoy 2012年
@zenpoy现在，它不需要跨平台，只要它可以在Windows XP和7上运行，至少与python一样。该代码将用python编写。如果module / library / package / dll可以从python有效地进行接口，那没关系。理想情况下，它将是纯python和跨平台的。
— Inbar Rose 2012年

Answers:

113

可以使用ctypes完成：

import ctypes
from ctypes import wintypes
import time

user32 = ctypes.WinDLL('user32', use_last_error=True)

INPUT_MOUSE    = 0
INPUT_KEYBOARD = 1
INPUT_HARDWARE = 2

KEYEVENTF_EXTENDEDKEY = 0x0001
KEYEVENTF_KEYUP       = 0x0002
KEYEVENTF_UNICODE     = 0x0004
KEYEVENTF_SCANCODE    = 0x0008

MAPVK_VK_TO_VSC = 0

# msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/dd375731
VK_TAB  = 0x09
VK_MENU = 0x12

# C struct definitions

wintypes.ULONG_PTR = wintypes.WPARAM

class MOUSEINPUT(ctypes.Structure):
    _fields_ = (("dx",          wintypes.LONG),
                ("dy",          wintypes.LONG),
                ("mouseData",   wintypes.DWORD),
                ("dwFlags",     wintypes.DWORD),
                ("time",        wintypes.DWORD),
                ("dwExtraInfo", wintypes.ULONG_PTR))

class KEYBDINPUT(ctypes.Structure):
    _fields_ = (("wVk",         wintypes.WORD),
                ("wScan",       wintypes.WORD),
                ("dwFlags",     wintypes.DWORD),
                ("time",        wintypes.DWORD),
                ("dwExtraInfo", wintypes.ULONG_PTR))

    def __init__(self, *args, **kwds):
        super(KEYBDINPUT, self).__init__(*args, **kwds)
        # some programs use the scan code even if KEYEVENTF_SCANCODE
        # isn't set in dwFflags, so attempt to map the correct code.
        if not self.dwFlags & KEYEVENTF_UNICODE:
            self.wScan = user32.MapVirtualKeyExW(self.wVk,
                                                 MAPVK_VK_TO_VSC, 0)

class HARDWAREINPUT(ctypes.Structure):
    _fields_ = (("uMsg",    wintypes.DWORD),
                ("wParamL", wintypes.WORD),
                ("wParamH", wintypes.WORD))

class INPUT(ctypes.Structure):
    class _INPUT(ctypes.Union):
        _fields_ = (("ki", KEYBDINPUT),
                    ("mi", MOUSEINPUT),
                    ("hi", HARDWAREINPUT))
    _anonymous_ = ("_input",)
    _fields_ = (("type",   wintypes.DWORD),
                ("_input", _INPUT))

LPINPUT = ctypes.POINTER(INPUT)

def _check_count(result, func, args):
    if result == 0:
        raise ctypes.WinError(ctypes.get_last_error())
    return args

user32.SendInput.errcheck = _check_count
user32.SendInput.argtypes = (wintypes.UINT, # nInputs
                             LPINPUT,       # pInputs
                             ctypes.c_int)  # cbSize

# Functions

def PressKey(hexKeyCode):
    x = INPUT(type=INPUT_KEYBOARD,
              ki=KEYBDINPUT(wVk=hexKeyCode))
    user32.SendInput(1, ctypes.byref(x), ctypes.sizeof(x))

def ReleaseKey(hexKeyCode):
    x = INPUT(type=INPUT_KEYBOARD,
              ki=KEYBDINPUT(wVk=hexKeyCode,
                            dwFlags=KEYEVENTF_KEYUP))
    user32.SendInput(1, ctypes.byref(x), ctypes.sizeof(x))

def AltTab():
    """Press Alt+Tab and hold Alt key for 2 seconds
    in order to see the overlay.
    """
    PressKey(VK_MENU)   # Alt
    PressKey(VK_TAB)    # Tab
    ReleaseKey(VK_TAB)  # Tab~
    time.sleep(2)
    ReleaseKey(VK_MENU) # Alt~

if __name__ == "__main__":
    AltTab()

hexKeyCode是Windows API定义的虚拟键盘映射。代码列表在MSDN上可用：虚拟键代码（Windows）

— 卢卡斯
source
到目前为止，我喜欢这个主意。我找不到VK_Key的列表，您能否举一个示例函数调用。
— Inbar Rose
3
我添加了一个简单的方法来点击alt-tab。
— lucasg 2012年
我一直在使用它，但是现在我遇到了一个小问题，希望您能对我有所帮助-我如何移动鼠标X，Y？
— Inbar Rose
15
接下来的时间点重复的问题，而不是重复的答案：stackoverflow.com/questions/13289777/...
— Nakilon
8
看起来这是特定于Windows的。Linux的替代方法是什么？
— 疯狂的编码器，
85

对于python3和python2您都可以使用pyautogui（pip install pyautogui）

from pyautogui import press, typewrite, hotkey

press('a')
typewrite('quick brown fox')
hotkey('ctrl', 'w')

它还与Windows，OSX和Ubuntu LTS跨平台。

— 康史密斯
source
1
press也可以使用媒体密钥。我用它来静音计算机press('volumemute')
— CornSmith
3
这可行，但是比接受的答案慢。（对于我的应用程序来说太慢了，它要求非常低的延迟。）
— TimH-Codidact
我遇到过某些情况，其中应用程序无法通过pyautogui接受命令，但是cytpes似乎可以持续工作。
— 艾莉森·威尔逊
1
该pyautogui软件包是跨平台的，可在Mac和Windows中使用
— Charles Chow
@CharlesChow好电话，这对人们来说值得注意，因此我将其添加到了答案中。而且它还可以与Ubuntu（LTS和仅根据github更新的版本）一起使用
— CornSmith
11

user648852的想法至少对我来说适用于OS X，这是执行此操作的代码：

#!/usr/bin/env python

import time
from Quartz.CoreGraphics import CGEventCreateKeyboardEvent
from Quartz.CoreGraphics import CGEventPost

# Python releases things automatically, using CFRelease will result in a scary error
#from Quartz.CoreGraphics import CFRelease

from Quartz.CoreGraphics import kCGHIDEventTap

# From http://stackoverflow.com/questions/281133/controlling-the-mouse-from-python-in-os-x
# and from https://developer.apple.com/library/mac/documentation/Carbon/Reference/QuartzEventServicesRef/index.html#//apple_ref/c/func/CGEventCreateKeyboardEvent


def KeyDown(k):
    keyCode, shiftKey = toKeyCode(k)

    time.sleep(0.0001)

    if shiftKey:
        CGEventPost(kCGHIDEventTap, CGEventCreateKeyboardEvent(None, 0x38, True))
        time.sleep(0.0001)

    CGEventPost(kCGHIDEventTap, CGEventCreateKeyboardEvent(None, keyCode, True))
    time.sleep(0.0001)

    if shiftKey:
        CGEventPost(kCGHIDEventTap, CGEventCreateKeyboardEvent(None, 0x38, False))
        time.sleep(0.0001)

def KeyUp(k):
    keyCode, shiftKey = toKeyCode(k)

    time.sleep(0.0001)

    CGEventPost(kCGHIDEventTap, CGEventCreateKeyboardEvent(None, keyCode, False))
    time.sleep(0.0001)

def KeyPress(k):
    keyCode, shiftKey = toKeyCode(k)

    time.sleep(0.0001)

    if shiftKey:
        CGEventPost(kCGHIDEventTap, CGEventCreateKeyboardEvent(None, 0x38, True))
        time.sleep(0.0001)

    CGEventPost(kCGHIDEventTap, CGEventCreateKeyboardEvent(None, keyCode, True))
    time.sleep(0.0001)

    CGEventPost(kCGHIDEventTap, CGEventCreateKeyboardEvent(None, keyCode, False))
    time.sleep(0.0001)

    if shiftKey:
        CGEventPost(kCGHIDEventTap, CGEventCreateKeyboardEvent(None, 0x38, False))
        time.sleep(0.0001)



# From http://stackoverflow.com/questions/3202629/where-can-i-find-a-list-of-mac-virtual-key-codes

def toKeyCode(c):
    shiftKey = False
    # Letter
    if c.isalpha():
        if not c.islower():
            shiftKey = True
            c = c.lower()

    if c in shiftChars:
        shiftKey = True
        c = shiftChars[c]
    if c in keyCodeMap:
        keyCode = keyCodeMap[c]
    else:
        keyCode = ord(c)
    return keyCode, shiftKey

shiftChars = {
    '~': '`',
    '!': '1',
    '@': '2',
    '#': '3',
    '$': '4',
    '%': '5',
    '^': '6',
    '&': '7',
    '*': '8',
    '(': '9',
    ')': '0',
    '_': '-',
    '+': '=',
    '{': '[',
    '}': ']',
    '|': '\\',
    ':': ';',
    '"': '\'',
    '<': ',',
    '>': '.',
    '?': '/'
}


keyCodeMap = {
    'a'                 : 0x00,
    's'                 : 0x01,
    'd'                 : 0x02,
    'f'                 : 0x03,
    'h'                 : 0x04,
    'g'                 : 0x05,
    'z'                 : 0x06,
    'x'                 : 0x07,
    'c'                 : 0x08,
    'v'                 : 0x09,
    'b'                 : 0x0B,
    'q'                 : 0x0C,
    'w'                 : 0x0D,
    'e'                 : 0x0E,
    'r'                 : 0x0F,
    'y'                 : 0x10,
    't'                 : 0x11,
    '1'                 : 0x12,
    '2'                 : 0x13,
    '3'                 : 0x14,
    '4'                 : 0x15,
    '6'                 : 0x16,
    '5'                 : 0x17,
    '='                 : 0x18,
    '9'                 : 0x19,
    '7'                 : 0x1A,
    '-'                 : 0x1B,
    '8'                 : 0x1C,
    '0'                 : 0x1D,
    ']'                 : 0x1E,
    'o'                 : 0x1F,
    'u'                 : 0x20,
    '['                 : 0x21,
    'i'                 : 0x22,
    'p'                 : 0x23,
    'l'                 : 0x25,
    'j'                 : 0x26,
    '\''                : 0x27,
    'k'                 : 0x28,
    ';'                 : 0x29,
    '\\'                : 0x2A,
    ','                 : 0x2B,
    '/'                 : 0x2C,
    'n'                 : 0x2D,
    'm'                 : 0x2E,
    '.'                 : 0x2F,
    '`'                 : 0x32,
    'k.'                : 0x41,
    'k*'                : 0x43,
    'k+'                : 0x45,
    'kclear'            : 0x47,
    'k/'                : 0x4B,
    'k\n'               : 0x4C,
    'k-'                : 0x4E,
    'k='                : 0x51,
    'k0'                : 0x52,
    'k1'                : 0x53,
    'k2'                : 0x54,
    'k3'                : 0x55,
    'k4'                : 0x56,
    'k5'                : 0x57,
    'k6'                : 0x58,
    'k7'                : 0x59,
    'k8'                : 0x5B,
    'k9'                : 0x5C,

    # keycodes for keys that are independent of keyboard layout
    '\n'                : 0x24,
    '\t'                : 0x30,
    ' '                 : 0x31,
    'del'               : 0x33,
    'delete'            : 0x33,
    'esc'               : 0x35,
    'escape'            : 0x35,
    'cmd'               : 0x37,
    'command'           : 0x37,
    'shift'             : 0x38,
    'caps lock'         : 0x39,
    'option'            : 0x3A,
    'ctrl'              : 0x3B,
    'control'           : 0x3B,
    'right shift'       : 0x3C,
    'rshift'            : 0x3C,
    'right option'      : 0x3D,
    'roption'           : 0x3D,
    'right control'     : 0x3E,
    'rcontrol'          : 0x3E,
    'fun'               : 0x3F,
    'function'          : 0x3F,
    'f17'               : 0x40,
    'volume up'         : 0x48,
    'volume down'       : 0x49,
    'mute'              : 0x4A,
    'f18'               : 0x4F,
    'f19'               : 0x50,
    'f20'               : 0x5A,
    'f5'                : 0x60,
    'f6'                : 0x61,
    'f7'                : 0x62,
    'f3'                : 0x63,
    'f8'                : 0x64,
    'f9'                : 0x65,
    'f11'               : 0x67,
    'f13'               : 0x69,
    'f16'               : 0x6A,
    'f14'               : 0x6B,
    'f10'               : 0x6D,
    'f12'               : 0x6F,
    'f15'               : 0x71,
    'help'              : 0x72,
    'home'              : 0x73,
    'pgup'              : 0x74,
    'page up'           : 0x74,
    'forward delete'    : 0x75,
    'f4'                : 0x76,
    'end'               : 0x77,
    'f2'                : 0x78,
    'page down'         : 0x79,
    'pgdn'              : 0x79,
    'f1'                : 0x7A,
    'left'              : 0x7B,
    'right'             : 0x7C,
    'down'              : 0x7D,
    'up'                : 0x7E
}
— 菲利达
source
6

我尝试了lib键盘，它在Windows上运行良好。下面的线帮助我切换浏览器中的选项卡：

keyboard.press_and_release('ctrl+tab')
— 严良
source
在MAC上也很好用。我没有测试过linux，但是应该可以。
— 达沃德·塔哈维·内贾德
5

我遇到了同样的问题，并为此创建了自己的使用ctypes的库：

"""
< --- CTRL by [object Object] --- >
Only works on windows.
Some characters only work with a US standard keyboard.
Some parts may also only work in python 32-bit.
"""

#--- Setup ---#
from ctypes import *
from time import sleep
user32 = windll.user32
kernel32 = windll.kernel32
delay = 0.01

####################################
###---KEYBOARD CONTROL SECTION---###
####################################

#--- Key Code Variables ---#
class key:
        cancel = 0x03
        backspace = 0x08
        tab = 0x09
        enter = 0x0D
        shift = 0x10
        ctrl = 0x11
        alt = 0x12
        capslock = 0x14
        esc = 0x1B
        space = 0x20
        pgup = 0x21
        pgdown = 0x22
        end = 0x23
        home = 0x24
        leftarrow = 0x26
        uparrow = 0x26
        rightarrow = 0x27
        downarrow = 0x28
        select = 0x29
        print = 0x2A
        execute = 0x2B
        printscreen = 0x2C
        insert = 0x2D
        delete = 0x2E
        help = 0x2F
        num0 = 0x30
        num1 = 0x31
        num2 = 0x32
        num3 = 0x33
        num4 = 0x34
        num5 = 0x35
        num6 = 0x36
        num7 = 0x37
        num8 = 0x38
        num9 = 0x39
        a = 0x41
        b = 0x42
        c = 0x43
        d = 0x44
        e = 0x45
        f = 0x46
        g = 0x47
        h = 0x48
        i = 0x49
        j = 0x4A
        k = 0x4B
        l = 0x4C
        m = 0x4D
        n = 0x4E
        o = 0x4F
        p = 0x50
        q = 0x51
        r = 0x52
        s = 0x53
        t = 0x54
        u = 0x55
        v = 0x56
        w = 0x57
        x = 0x58
        y = 0x59
        z = 0x5A
        leftwin = 0x5B
        rightwin = 0x5C
        apps = 0x5D
        sleep = 0x5F
        numpad0 = 0x60
        numpad1 = 0x61
        numpad3 = 0x63
        numpad4 = 0x64
        numpad5 = 0x65
        numpad6 = 0x66
        numpad7 = 0x67
        numpad8 = 0x68
        numpad9 = 0x69
        multiply = 0x6A
        add = 0x6B
        seperator = 0x6C
        subtract = 0x6D
        decimal = 0x6E
        divide = 0x6F
        F1 = 0x70
        F2 = 0x71
        F3 = 0x72
        F4 = 0x73
        F5 = 0x74
        F6 = 0x75
        F7 = 0x76
        F8 = 0x77
        F9 = 0x78
        F10 = 0x79
        F11 = 0x7A
        F12 = 0x7B
        F13 = 0x7C
        F14 = 0x7D
        F15 = 0x7E
        F16 = 0x7F
        F17 = 0x80
        F19 = 0x82
        F20 = 0x83
        F21 = 0x84
        F22 = 0x85
        F23 = 0x86
        F24 = 0x87
        numlock = 0x90
        scrolllock = 0x91
        leftshift = 0xA0
        rightshift = 0xA1
        leftctrl = 0xA2
        rightctrl = 0xA3
        leftmenu = 0xA4
        rightmenu = 0xA5
        browserback = 0xA6
        browserforward = 0xA7
        browserrefresh = 0xA8
        browserstop = 0xA9
        browserfavories = 0xAB
        browserhome = 0xAC
        volumemute = 0xAD
        volumedown = 0xAE
        volumeup = 0xAF
        nexttrack = 0xB0
        prevoustrack = 0xB1
        stopmedia = 0xB2
        playpause = 0xB3
        launchmail = 0xB4
        selectmedia = 0xB5
        launchapp1 = 0xB6
        launchapp2 = 0xB7
        semicolon = 0xBA
        equals = 0xBB
        comma = 0xBC
        dash = 0xBD
        period = 0xBE
        slash = 0xBF
        accent = 0xC0
        openingsquarebracket = 0xDB
        backslash = 0xDC
        closingsquarebracket = 0xDD
        quote = 0xDE
        play = 0xFA
        zoom = 0xFB
        PA1 = 0xFD
        clear = 0xFE

#--- Keyboard Control Functions ---#

# Category variables
letters = "qwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmQWERTYUIOPASDFGHJKLZXCVBNM"
shiftsymbols = "~!@#$%^&*()_+QWERTYUIOP{}|ASDFGHJKL:\"ZXCVBNM<>?"

# Presses and releases the key
def press(key):
        user32.keybd_event(key, 0, 0, 0)
        sleep(delay)
        user32.keybd_event(key, 0, 2, 0)
        sleep(delay)

# Holds a key
def hold(key):
        user32.keybd_event(key, 0, 0, 0)
        sleep(delay)

# Releases a key
def release(key):
        user32.keybd_event(key, 0, 2, 0)
        sleep(delay)

# Types out a string
def typestr(sentence):
        for letter in sentence:
                shift = letter in shiftsymbols
                fixedletter = "space"
                if letter == "`" or letter == "~":
                        fixedletter = "accent"
                elif letter == "1" or letter == "!":
                        fixedletter = "num1"
                elif letter == "2" or letter == "@":
                        fixedletter = "num2"
                elif letter == "3" or letter == "#":
                        fixedletter = "num3"
                elif letter == "4" or letter == "$":
                        fixedletter = "num4"
                elif letter == "5" or letter == "%":
                        fixedletter = "num5"
                elif letter == "6" or letter == "^":
                        fixedletter = "num6"
                elif letter == "7" or letter == "&":
                        fixedletter = "num7"
                elif letter == "8" or letter == "*":
                        fixedletter = "num8"
                elif letter == "9" or letter == "(":
                        fixedletter = "num9"
                elif letter == "0" or letter == ")":
                        fixedletter = "num0"
                elif letter == "-" or letter == "_":
                        fixedletter = "dash"
                elif letter == "=" or letter == "+":
                        fixedletter = "equals"
                elif letter in letters:
                        fixedletter = letter.lower()
                elif letter == "[" or letter == "{":
                        fixedletter = "openingsquarebracket"
                elif letter == "]" or letter == "}":
                        fixedletter = "closingsquarebracket"
                elif letter == "\\" or letter == "|":
                        fixedletter == "backslash"
                elif letter == ";" or letter == ":":
                        fixedletter = "semicolon"
                elif letter == "'" or letter == "\"":
                        fixedletter = "quote"
                elif letter == "," or letter == "<":
                        fixedletter = "comma"
                elif letter == "." or letter == ">":
                        fixedletter = "period"
                elif letter == "/" or letter == "?":
                        fixedletter = "slash"
                elif letter == "\n":
                        fixedletter = "enter"
                keytopress = eval("key." + str(fixedletter))
                if shift:
                        hold(key.shift)
                        press(keytopress)
                        release(key.shift)
                else:
                        press(keytopress)

#--- Mouse Variables ---#
                        
class mouse:
        left = [0x0002, 0x0004]
        right = [0x0008, 0x00010]
        middle = [0x00020, 0x00040]

#--- Mouse Control Functions ---#

# Moves mouse to a position
def move(x, y):
        user32.SetCursorPos(x, y)

# Presses and releases mouse
def click(button):
        user32.mouse_event(button[0], 0, 0, 0, 0)
        sleep(delay)
        user32.mouse_event(button[1], 0, 0, 0, 0)
        sleep(delay)

# Holds a mouse button
def holdclick(button):
        user32.mouse_event(button[0], 0, 0, 0, 0)
        sleep(delay)

# Releases a mouse button
def releaseclick(button):
        user32.mouse_event(button[1])
        sleep(delay)
— 对象-对象
source
2

每个平台将采用不同的方法来生成键盘事件。这是因为它们每个人都需要利用系统库（和系统扩展名）。对于跨平台解决方案，您需要采用所有这些解决方案，然后包装到平台检查中以执行正确的方法。

对于Windows，您也许可以使用pywin32扩展名。win32api.keybd_event

win32api.keybd_event

keybd_event（bVk，bScan，dwFlags，dwExtraInfo）

模拟键盘事件

参量

bVk：BYTE-虚拟键代码
bScan：BYTE-硬件扫描代码
dwFlags = 0：
DWORD-指定各种功能选项的标志dwExtraInfo = 0：DWORD-与击键相关的其他数据

您将需要研究pywin32，以了解如何正确使用它，因为我从未使用过它。

— di
source
2

仅限Windows：您可以使用Ironpython或允许cPython访问Windows上的.NET框架的库。然后使用.NET的sendkeys类或更通用的send方法模拟击键。

仅限OS X：使用PyObjC，然后使用useCGEventCreateKeyboardEvent调用。

完全公开：我只在使用Python的OS X上执行此操作，但是我使用了.NET sendkey（与C＃一起使用），效果很好。

我使用了IronPython的.Net SendKeys（用于桌面应用程序的验收测试框架），并且效果很好。
— 乔纳森·哈特利
1
python for .net。一个解决方案，然后我将如何使用sendkeys。你能举一个例子吗？
— Inbar Rose
2

苹果系统

这是类形式的@Phylliida答案的更完整版本，并带有代码示例：

#!/usr/bin/python
# Script simulating keyboard events in macOS.
# See: https://stackoverflow.com/q/13564851/55075

import sys
import time
from Quartz.CoreGraphics import CGEventCreateKeyboardEvent
from Quartz.CoreGraphics import CGEventPost
from Quartz.CoreGraphics import kCGHIDEventTap
#from Quartz.CoreGraphics import CFRelease # Python releases things automatically.

class Keyboard():
    shiftChars = {
        '~': '`',
        '!': '1',
        '@': '2',
        '#': '3',
        '$': '4',
        '%': '5',
        '^': '6',
        '&': '7',
        '*': '8',
        '(': '9',
        ')': '0',
        '_': '-',
        '+': '=',
        '{': '[',
        '}': ']',
        '|': '\\',
        ':': ';',
        '"': '\'',
        '<': ',',
        '>': '.',
        '?': '/'
    }


    keyCodeMap = {
        'a'              : 0x00,
        's'              : 0x01,
        'd'              : 0x02,
        'f'              : 0x03,
        'h'              : 0x04,
        'g'              : 0x05,
        'z'              : 0x06,
        'x'              : 0x07,
        'c'              : 0x08,
        'v'              : 0x09,
        'b'              : 0x0B,
        'q'              : 0x0C,
        'w'              : 0x0D,
        'e'              : 0x0E,
        'r'              : 0x0F,
        'y'              : 0x10,
        't'              : 0x11,
        '1'              : 0x12,
        '2'              : 0x13,
        '3'              : 0x14,
        '4'              : 0x15,
        '6'              : 0x16,
        '5'              : 0x17,
        '='              : 0x18,
        '9'              : 0x19,
        '7'              : 0x1A,
        '-'              : 0x1B,
        '8'              : 0x1C,
        '0'              : 0x1D,
        ']'              : 0x1E,
        'o'              : 0x1F,
        'u'              : 0x20,
        '['              : 0x21,
        'i'              : 0x22,
        'p'              : 0x23,
        'l'              : 0x25,
        'j'              : 0x26,
        '\''             : 0x27,
        'k'              : 0x28,
        ';'              : 0x29,
        '\\'             : 0x2A,
        ','              : 0x2B,
        '/'              : 0x2C,
        'n'              : 0x2D,
        'm'              : 0x2E,
        '.'              : 0x2F,
        '`'              : 0x32,
        'k.'             : 0x41,
        'k*'             : 0x43,
        'k+'             : 0x45,
        'kclear'         : 0x47,
        'k/'             : 0x4B,
        'k\n'            : 0x4C,
        'k-'             : 0x4E,
        'k='             : 0x51,
        'k0'             : 0x52,
        'k1'             : 0x53,
        'k2'             : 0x54,
        'k3'             : 0x55,
        'k4'             : 0x56,
        'k5'             : 0x57,
        'k6'             : 0x58,
        'k7'             : 0x59,
        'k8'             : 0x5B,
        'k9'             : 0x5C,

        # keycodes for keys that are independent of keyboard layout
        '\n'             : 0x24,
        '\t'             : 0x30,
        ' '              : 0x31,
        'del'            : 0x33,
        'delete'         : 0x33,
        'esc'            : 0x35,
        'escape'         : 0x35,
        'cmd'            : 0x37,
        'command'        : 0x37,
        'shift'          : 0x38,
        'caps lock'      : 0x39,
        'option'         : 0x3A,
        'ctrl'           : 0x3B,
        'control'        : 0x3B,
        'right shift'    : 0x3C,
        'rshift'         : 0x3C,
        'right option'   : 0x3D,
        'roption'        : 0x3D,
        'right control'  : 0x3E,
        'rcontrol'       : 0x3E,
        'fun'            : 0x3F,
        'function'       : 0x3F,
        'f17'            : 0x40,
        'volume up'      : 0x48,
        'volume down'    : 0x49,
        'mute'           : 0x4A,
        'f18'            : 0x4F,
        'f19'            : 0x50,
        'f20'            : 0x5A,
        'f5'             : 0x60,
        'f6'             : 0x61,
        'f7'             : 0x62,
        'f3'             : 0x63,
        'f8'             : 0x64,
        'f9'             : 0x65,
        'f11'            : 0x67,
        'f13'            : 0x69,
        'f16'            : 0x6A,
        'f14'            : 0x6B,
        'f10'            : 0x6D,
        'f12'            : 0x6F,
        'f15'            : 0x71,
        'help'           : 0x72,
        'home'           : 0x73,
        'pgup'           : 0x74,
        'page up'        : 0x74,
        'forward delete' : 0x75,
        'f4'             : 0x76,
        'end'            : 0x77,
        'f2'             : 0x78,
        'page down'      : 0x79,
        'pgdn'           : 0x79,
        'f1'             : 0x7A,
        'left'           : 0x7B,
        'right'          : 0x7C,
        'down'           : 0x7D,
        'up'             : 0x7E
    }

    # See: https://stackoverflow.com/q/3202629/55075
    def toKeyCode(self, c):
        shiftKey = False
        # Letter
        if c.isalpha():
            if not c.islower():
                shiftKey = True
                c = c.lower()
        if c in Keyboard.shiftChars:
            shiftKey = True
            c = Keyboard.shiftChars[c]
        if c in Keyboard.keyCodeMap:
            keyCode = Keyboard.keyCodeMap[c]
        else:
            keyCode = ord(c)
        return keyCode, shiftKey

    def KeyDown(self, k):
        keyCode, shiftKey = self.toKeyCode(k)

        time.sleep(0.0001)

        if shiftKey:
            CGEventPost(kCGHIDEventTap, CGEventCreateKeyboardEvent(None, 0x38, True))
            time.sleep(0.0001)

        CGEventPost(kCGHIDEventTap, CGEventCreateKeyboardEvent(None, keyCode, True))
        time.sleep(0.0001)

        if shiftKey:
            CGEventPost(kCGHIDEventTap, CGEventCreateKeyboardEvent(None, 0x38, False))
            time.sleep(0.0001)

    def KeyUp(self, k):
        keyCode, shiftKey = self.toKeyCode(k)

        time.sleep(0.0001)

        CGEventPost(kCGHIDEventTap, CGEventCreateKeyboardEvent(None, keyCode, False))
        time.sleep(0.0001)

    def KeyPress(self, k):
        keyCode, shiftKey = self.toKeyCode(k)

        time.sleep(0.0001)

        if shiftKey:
            CGEventPost(kCGHIDEventTap, CGEventCreateKeyboardEvent(None, 0x38, True))
            time.sleep(0.0001)

        CGEventPost(kCGHIDEventTap, CGEventCreateKeyboardEvent(None, keyCode, True))
        time.sleep(0.0001)

        CGEventPost(kCGHIDEventTap, CGEventCreateKeyboardEvent(None, keyCode, False))
        time.sleep(0.0001)

        if shiftKey:
            CGEventPost(kCGHIDEventTap, CGEventCreateKeyboardEvent(None, 0x38, False))
            time.sleep(0.0001)

    def Type(self, text):
        for key in text:
            self.KeyDown(key)
            self.KeyUp(key)

这是使用上述类的演示代码：

# DEMO
if __name__ == '__main__':
    keyboard = Keyboard()
    if sys.platform == "darwin":
        keyboard.Type('Hello World!')
    elif sys.platform == "win32":
        print("Error: Platform not supported!")

它将模拟Hello World!在当前窗口上键入文本。

您可以将以上代码作为Shell脚本运行。检查keyboard.py文件链接。

— Kenorb
source
2

对于Python2.7（windows32）我只安装了pywin32-223。我写了简单的python代码：

import win32api
import time
import win32con

# simulate the pressing-DOWN "ARROW key" of 200 times

for i in range(200):
   time.sleep(0.5)
   win32api.keybd_event(0x28, 0,0,0)
   time.sleep(.05)
   win32api.keybd_event(0x28,0 ,win32con.KEYEVENTF_KEYUP ,0)

可以检查是否运行代码，然后立即转到记事本窗口（文本已经存在的地方）并将光标放在第一行。

— ОлександрДобржанський
source
ctypes中已经存在完全相同的keybd_event函数
— object-Object
ctypes.windll.user32.keybd_event（0x01，0，0，0）
— 对象-对象
0

关于推荐答案的代码，

对于我的机器人，建议的答案不起作用。这是因为我使用的Chrome要求我在dwFlags中使用KEYEVENTF_SCANCODE。

为了使他的代码正常工作，我必须修改以下代码块：

class KEYBDINPUT(ctypes.Structure):
    _fields_ = (("wVk",         wintypes.WORD),
                ("wScan",       wintypes.WORD),
                ("dwFlags",     wintypes.DWORD),
                ("time",        wintypes.DWORD),
                ("dwExtraInfo", wintypes.ULONG_PTR))

    def __init__(self, *args, **kwds):
        super(KEYBDINPUT, self).__init__(*args, **kwds)
        # some programs use the scan code even if KEYEVENTF_SCANCODE
        # isn't set in dwFflags, so attempt to map the correct code.
        #if not self.dwFlags & KEYEVENTF_UNICODE:l
            #self.wScan = user32.MapVirtualKeyExW(self.wVk,
                                                 #MAPVK_VK_TO_VSC, 0)
            # ^MAKE SURE YOU COMMENT/REMOVE THIS CODE^

def PressKey(keyCode):
    input = INPUT(type=INPUT_KEYBOARD,
              ki=KEYBDINPUT(wScan=keyCode,
                            dwFlags=KEYEVENTF_SCANCODE))
    user32.SendInput(1, ctypes.byref(input), ctypes.sizeof(input))

def ReleaseKey(keyCode):
    input = INPUT(type=INPUT_KEYBOARD,
              ki=KEYBDINPUT(wScan=keyCode,
                            dwFlags=KEYEVENTF_SCANCODE | KEYEVENTF_KEYUP))
    user32.SendInput(1, ctypes.byref(input), ctypes.sizeof(input))

time.sleep(5) # sleep to open browser tab
PressKey(0x26) # press right arrow key
time.sleep(2) # hold for 2 seconds
ReleaseKey(0x26) # release right arrow key

我希望这可以帮助某人头痛！

— 卢克·帕尔默
source
0 
    def keyboardevent():
         keyboard.press_and_release('a')
         keyboard.press_and_release('shift + b')
         
    keyboardevent()
— 赫里希特·戴（Hrishit Dey）
source
2
欢迎使用StackOverflow。尽管这段代码可以解决问题，但包括解释如何以及为什么解决该问题的说明，确实可以帮助提高您的帖子质量，并可能导致更多的投票。请记住，您将来会为读者回答问题，而不仅仅是现在问的人。请编辑您的答案以添加说明，并指出适用的限制和假设。
— 鲁里
By using our site, you acknowledge that you have read and understand our Cookie Policy and Privacy Policy.
Licensed under cc by-sa 3.0 with attribution required.