使用C＃中的Bitmap对象查找图像格式

我正在加载图像文件硬盘驱动器的二进制字节，并将其加载到Bitmap对象中。如何从位图对象中找到图像类型[JPEG，PNG，BMP等]？

看起来微不足道。但是，无法弄清楚！

有替代方法吗？

感谢您的回应。

更新的正确解决方案：

@CMS：感谢您的正确答复！

示例代码实现了这一点。

using (MemoryStream imageMemStream = new MemoryStream(fileData))
{
    using (Bitmap bitmap = new Bitmap(imageMemStream))
    {
        ImageFormat imageFormat = bitmap.RawFormat;
        if (bitmap.RawFormat.Equals(System.Drawing.Imaging.ImageFormat.Jpeg))
            //It's a JPEG;
        else if (bitmap.RawFormat.Equals(System.Drawing.Imaging.ImageFormat.Png))
            //It's a PNG;
    }
}

如果您想知道图像的格式，可以使用Image类加载文件，并检查其RawFormat属性：

using(Image img = Image.FromFile(@"C:\path\to\img.jpg"))
{
    if (img.RawFormat.Equals(System.Drawing.Imaging.ImageFormat.Jpeg))
    {
      // ...
    }
}

这是我的扩展方法。希望这对某人有帮助。

public static System.Drawing.Imaging.ImageFormat GetImageFormat(this System.Drawing.Image img)
    {             
        if (img.RawFormat.Equals(System.Drawing.Imaging.ImageFormat.Jpeg))
            return System.Drawing.Imaging.ImageFormat.Jpeg;
        if (img.RawFormat.Equals(System.Drawing.Imaging.ImageFormat.Bmp))
            return System.Drawing.Imaging.ImageFormat.Bmp;
        if (img.RawFormat.Equals(System.Drawing.Imaging.ImageFormat.Png))
            return System.Drawing.Imaging.ImageFormat.Png;
        if (img.RawFormat.Equals(System.Drawing.Imaging.ImageFormat.Emf))
            return System.Drawing.Imaging.ImageFormat.Emf;
        if (img.RawFormat.Equals(System.Drawing.Imaging.ImageFormat.Exif))
            return System.Drawing.Imaging.ImageFormat.Exif;
        if (img.RawFormat.Equals(System.Drawing.Imaging.ImageFormat.Gif))
            return System.Drawing.Imaging.ImageFormat.Gif;
        if (img.RawFormat.Equals(System.Drawing.Imaging.ImageFormat.Icon))
            return System.Drawing.Imaging.ImageFormat.Icon;
        if (img.RawFormat.Equals(System.Drawing.Imaging.ImageFormat.MemoryBmp))
            return System.Drawing.Imaging.ImageFormat.MemoryBmp;
        if (img.RawFormat.Equals(System.Drawing.Imaging.ImageFormat.Tiff))
            return System.Drawing.Imaging.ImageFormat.Tiff;
        else
            return System.Drawing.Imaging.ImageFormat.Wmf;            
    }

这是我的代码。您必须先将完整的图像或标头（前4个字节）加载到字节数组中。

public enum ImageFormat
{
    Bmp,
    Jpeg,
    Gif,
    Tiff,
    Png,
    Unknown
}

public static ImageFormat GetImageFormat(byte[] bytes)
{
    // see http://www.mikekunz.com/image_file_header.html  
    var bmp    = Encoding.ASCII.GetBytes("BM");     // BMP
    var gif    = Encoding.ASCII.GetBytes("GIF");    // GIF
    var png    = new byte[] { 137, 80, 78, 71 };    // PNG
    var tiff   = new byte[] { 73, 73, 42 };         // TIFF
    var tiff2  = new byte[] { 77, 77, 42 };         // TIFF
    var jpeg   = new byte[] { 255, 216, 255, 224 }; // jpeg
    var jpeg2  = new byte[] { 255, 216, 255, 225 }; // jpeg canon

    if (bmp.SequenceEqual(bytes.Take(bmp.Length)))
        return ImageFormat.Bmp;

    if (gif.SequenceEqual(bytes.Take(gif.Length)))
        return ImageFormat.Gif;

    if (png.SequenceEqual(bytes.Take(png.Length)))
        return ImageFormat.Png;

    if (tiff.SequenceEqual(bytes.Take(tiff.Length)))
        return ImageFormat.Tiff;

    if (tiff2.SequenceEqual(bytes.Take(tiff2.Length)))
        return ImageFormat.Tiff;

    if (jpeg.SequenceEqual(bytes.Take(jpeg.Length)))
        return ImageFormat.Jpeg;

    if (jpeg2.SequenceEqual(bytes.Take(jpeg2.Length)))
        return ImageFormat.Jpeg;

    return ImageFormat.Unknown;
}

当然可以。ImageFormat没什么大不了的。ImageCodecInfo具有更多的意义。

red_dot.png

<a href="data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAUAAAAFCAYAAACNbyblAAAAHElEQVQI12P4//8/w38GIAXDIBKE0DHxgljNBAAO9TXL0Y4OHwAAAABJRU5ErkJggg==">
    <img src="data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAUAAAAFCAYAAACNbyblAAAAHElEQVQI12P4//8/w38GIAXDIBKE0DHxgljNBAAO9TXL0Y4OHwAAAABJRU5ErkJggg==" alt="red_dot.png" title="red_dot.png"/>
</a>

码：

using System.Linq;

//...

//get image
var file_bytes = System.Convert.FromBase64String(@"iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAUAAAAFCAYAAACNbyblAAAAHElEQVQI12P4//8/w38GIAXDIBKE0DHxgljNBAAO9TXL0Y4OHwAAAABJRU5ErkJggg==");
var file_stream = new System.IO.MemoryStream(file_bytes);
var file_image = System.Drawing.Image.FromStream(file_stream);

//list image formats
var image_formats = typeof(System.Drawing.Imaging.ImageFormat).GetProperties(System.Reflection.BindingFlags.Public | System.Reflection.BindingFlags.Static).ToList().ConvertAll(property => property.GetValue(null, null));
System.Diagnostics.Debug.WriteLine(image_formats.Count, "image_formats");
foreach(var image_format in image_formats) {
    System.Diagnostics.Debug.WriteLine(image_format, "image_formats");
}

//get image format
var file_image_format = typeof(System.Drawing.Imaging.ImageFormat).GetProperties(System.Reflection.BindingFlags.Public | System.Reflection.BindingFlags.Static).ToList().ConvertAll(property => property.GetValue(null, null)).Single(image_format => image_format.Equals(file_image.RawFormat));
System.Diagnostics.Debug.WriteLine(file_image_format, "file_image_format");

//list image codecs
var image_codecs = System.Drawing.Imaging.ImageCodecInfo.GetImageDecoders().ToList();
System.Diagnostics.Debug.WriteLine(image_codecs.Count, "image_codecs");
foreach(var image_codec in image_codecs) {
    System.Diagnostics.Debug.WriteLine(image_codec.CodecName + ", mime: " + image_codec.MimeType + ", extension: " + @image_codec.FilenameExtension, "image_codecs");
}

//get image codec
var file_image_format_codec = System.Drawing.Imaging.ImageCodecInfo.GetImageDecoders().ToList().Single(image_codec => image_codec.FormatID == file_image.RawFormat.Guid);
System.Diagnostics.Debug.WriteLine(file_image_format_codec.CodecName + ", mime: " + file_image_format_codec.MimeType + ", extension: " + file_image_format_codec.FilenameExtension, "image_codecs", "file_image_format_type");

调试输出：

image_formats: 10
image_formats: MemoryBMP
image_formats: Bmp
image_formats: Emf
image_formats: Wmf
image_formats: Gif
image_formats: Jpeg
image_formats: Png
image_formats: Tiff
image_formats: Exif
image_formats: Icon
file_image_format: Png
image_codecs: 8
image_codecs: Built-in BMP Codec, mime: image/bmp, extension: *.BMP;*.DIB;*.RLE
image_codecs: Built-in JPEG Codec, mime: image/jpeg, extension: *.JPG;*.JPEG;*.JPE;*.JFIF
image_codecs: Built-in GIF Codec, mime: image/gif, extension: *.GIF
image_codecs: Built-in EMF Codec, mime: image/x-emf, extension: *.EMF
image_codecs: Built-in WMF Codec, mime: image/x-wmf, extension: *.WMF
image_codecs: Built-in TIFF Codec, mime: image/tiff, extension: *.TIF;*.TIFF
image_codecs: Built-in PNG Codec, mime: image/png, extension: *.PNG
image_codecs: Built-in ICO Codec, mime: image/x-icon, extension: *.ICO
Built-in PNG Codec, mime: image/png, extension: *.PNG

简而言之，你做不到。原因是位图是一种图像类型，与JPEG，PNG等相同。将图像加载到位图中后，位图格式的图像就会被保存。无法查看位图并了解图像的原始编码（如果它甚至与位图不同）。

我不想分享旧话题，而是要完成本次讨论，我想分享一下查询Windows已知的所有图像格式的方式。

using System.Diagnostics;
using System.Drawing;
using System.Drawing.Imaging;

public static class ImageExtentions
{
    public static ImageCodecInfo GetCodecInfo(this System.Drawing.Image img)
    {
        ImageCodecInfo[] decoders = ImageCodecInfo.GetImageDecoders();
        foreach (ImageCodecInfo decoder in decoders)
            if (img.RawFormat.Guid == decoder.FormatID)
                return decoder;
        return null;
    }
}

现在，您可以将其用作图像扩展名，如下所示：

public void Test(Image img)
{
    ImageCodecInfo info = img.GetCodecInfo();
    if (info == null)
        Trace.TraceError("Image format is unkown");
    else
        Trace.TraceInformation("Image format is " + info.FormatDescription);
}

基于上述Alex的工作（我实际上投票作为解决方案，因为它是一行，但是我还不能投票哈哈），所以我为图像库提出了以下功能。需要4.0

  Public Enum Formats
    Unknown
    Bmp
    Emf
    Wmf
    Gif
    Jpeg
    Png
    Tiff
    Icon
  End Enum

  Public Shared Function ImageFormat(ByVal Image As System.Drawing.Image) As Formats
    If Not System.Enum.TryParse(Of Formats)(System.Drawing.Imaging.ImageCodecInfo.GetImageDecoders().ToList().[Single](Function(ImageCodecInfo) ImageCodecInfo.FormatID = Image.RawFormat.Guid).FormatDescription, True, ImageFormat) Then
      Return Formats.Unknown
    End If
  End Function

Image根据Alex上面（ImageCodecInfo.GetImageDecoders()）的发现，使用了几种干净的扩展方法来确定类型。

第一次调用后，它得到了高度优化，因为静态ImageCodecsDictionary被保存在内存中（但仅在使用一次之后）。

public static class ImageCodecInfoX
{

    private static Dictionary<Guid, ImageCodecInfoFull> _imageCodecsDictionary;

    public static Dictionary<Guid, ImageCodecInfoFull> ImageCodecsDictionary 
    {
        get
        {
            if (_imageCodecsDictionary == null) {
                _imageCodecsDictionary =
                    ImageCodecInfo.GetImageDecoders()
                    .Select(i => {
                        var format = ImageFormats.Unknown;
                        switch (i.FormatDescription.ToLower()) {
                            case "jpeg": format = ImageFormats.Jpeg; break;
                            case "png": format = ImageFormats.Png; break;
                            case "icon": format = ImageFormats.Icon; break;
                            case "gif": format = ImageFormats.Gif; break;
                            case "bmp": format = ImageFormats.Bmp; break;
                            case "tiff": format = ImageFormats.Tiff; break;
                            case "emf": format = ImageFormats.Emf; break;
                            case "wmf": format = ImageFormats.Wmf; break;
                        }
                        return new ImageCodecInfoFull(i) { Format = format };
                    })
                    .ToDictionary(c => c.CodecInfo.FormatID);
            }
            return _imageCodecsDictionary;
        }
    }

    public static ImageCodecInfoFull CodecInfo(this Image image)
    {
        ImageCodecInfoFull codecInfo = null;

        if (!ImageCodecsDictionary.TryGetValue(image.RawFormat.Guid, out codecInfo))
            return null;
        return codecInfo;
    }

    public static ImageFormats Format(this Image image)
    {
        var codec = image.CodecInfo();
        return codec == null ? ImageFormats.Unknown : codec.Format;
    }
}

public enum ImageFormats { Jpeg, Png, Icon, Gif, Bmp, Emf, Wmf, Tiff, Unknown }

/// <summary>
/// Couples ImageCodecInfo with an ImageFormats type.
/// </summary>
public class ImageCodecInfoFull
{
    public ImageCodecInfoFull(ImageCodecInfo codecInfo = null)
    {
        Format = ImageFormats.Unknown;
        CodecInfo = codecInfo;
    }

    public ImageCodecInfo CodecInfo { get; set; }

    public ImageFormats Format { get; set; }

}

我在尝试使用imagecodeinfo获取mime类型时遇到一个奇怪的问题。对于某些png文件，guid并不完全相同...

首先，我正在使用ImageCodecinfo进行检查，如果代码未找到图像格式，则我使用Matthias Wuttke的解决方案比较了图像格式。

如果上述解决方案均失败，则使用扩展名方法获取文件mime类型。

如果mime类型更改，则文件也更改，我们正在计算下载文件的校验和，以与服务器上原始文件的校验和相匹配..因此，对于我们来说，获取正确的文件作为输出很重要。

代理CK，我喜欢您的扩展方法，并添加了字符串重载，此外，我还简化了方法的代码：

public static class ImageExtentions
{
    public static ImageCodecInfo GetCodecInfo(this Image img) =>
        ImageCodecInfo.GetImageDecoders().FirstOrDefault(decoder => decoder.FormatID == img.RawFormat.Guid);

    // Note: this will throw an exception if "file" is not an Image file
    // quick fix is a try/catch, but there are more sophisticated methods
    public static ImageCodecInfo GetCodecInfo(this string file)
    {
        using (var img = Image.FromFile(file))
            return img.GetCodecInfo();
    }
}

// Usage:
string file = @"C:\MyImage.tif";
string description = $"Image format is {file.GetCodecInfo()?.FormatDescription ?? "unknown"}.";
Console.WriteLine(description);

Cesare Imperiali提供了最简单的方法，如下所示：

var format = new ImageFormat(Image.FromFile(myFile).RawFormat.Guid);

但是，.jpg的.ToString（）返回“ [ImageFormat：b96b3cae-0728-11d3-9d7b-0000f81ef32e]”，而不是“ Jpeg”。如果这对您很重要，这是我的解决方案：

public static class ImageFilesHelper
{
    public static List<ImageFormat> ImageFormats =>
        typeof(ImageFormat).GetProperties(BindingFlags.Static | BindingFlags.Public)
          .Select(p => (ImageFormat)p.GetValue(null, null)).ToList();

    public static ImageFormat ImageFormatFromRawFormat(ImageFormat raw) =>
        ImageFormats.FirstOrDefault(f => raw.Equals(f)) ?? ImageFormat.Bmp;

}
// usage:
var format = ImageFilesHelper.ImageFormatFromRawFormat(Image.FromFile(myFile).RawFormat);