Answers:
您需要使用implicit
或explicit
取决于您是否希望用户强制转换它,或者是否希望它自动发生,从而覆盖转换运算符。通常,一个方向将始终有效,这是您使用的地方implicit
,而另一个方向有时会失败,这是您使用的地方explicit
。
语法如下:
public static implicit operator dbInt64(Byte x)
{
return new dbInt64(x);
}
要么
public static explicit operator Int64(dbInt64 x)
{
if (!x.defined)
throw new DataValueNullException();
return x.iVal;
}
以您的示例为例,从您的自定义类型说(MyType
-> byte[]
将始终有效):
public static implicit operator byte[] (MyType x)
{
byte[] ba = // put code here to convert x into a byte[]
return ba;
}
要么
public static explicit operator MyType(byte[] x)
{
if (!CanConvert)
throw new DataValueNullException();
// Factory to convert byte[] x into MyType
MyType mt = MyType.Factory(x);
return mt;
}
您可以使用explicit
or implicit
关键字在类上声明转换运算符。
作为一般的经验法则,仅应implicit
在转换不可能失败时提供转换运算符。explicit
当转换可能失败时,请使用转换运算符。
public class MyClass
{
private byte[] _bytes;
// change explicit to implicit depending on what you need
public static explicit operator MyClass(byte[] b)
{
MyClass m = new MyClass();
m._bytes = b;
return m;
}
// change explicit to implicit depending on what you need
public static explicit operator byte[](MyClass m)
{
return m._bytes;
}
}
使用explicit
意味着您的班级用户将需要进行显式转换:
byte[] foo = new byte[] { 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 };
// explicitly convert foo into an instance of MyClass...
MyClass bar = (MyClass)foo;
// explicitly convert bar into a new byte[] array...
byte[] baz = (byte[])bar;
使用implicit
意味着您的班级用户无需执行显式转换,所有操作都透明地进行:
byte[] foo = new byte[] { 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 };
// imlpicitly convert foo into an instance of MyClass...
MyClass bar = foo;
// implicitly convert bar into a new byte[] array...
byte[] baz = bar;
我更喜欢有某种方法可以做到这一点,而不是重载强制转换运算符。
请参阅显式和隐式c#,但是请注意,从该示例开始,使用显式方法:
string name = "Test";
Role role = (Role) name;
然后一切都很好;但是,如果您使用:
object name = "Test";
Role role = (Role) name;
现在,您将获得InvalidCastException,因为无法将字符串强制转换为Role,这是为什么编译器仅在编译时根据其编译类型查找隐式/显式强制转换。在这种情况下,编译器将名称视为对象而不是字符串,因此不使用Role的重载运算符。
对于自定义强制转换支持,您需要提供强制转换操作符(显式或隐式)。下面的EncodedString类示例是具有自定义编码的字符串的简化实现(如果您必须处理巨大的字符串并遇到内存消耗问题,这可能会很有用,因为.Net字符串是Unicode-每个字符占用2个字节的内存-并且EncodedString可以每个字符占用1个字节)。
EncodedString可以转换为byte []和System.String。代码注释提供了一些启发,并解释了隐式转换可能很危险的示例。
通常,您首先需要一个很好的理由来声明任何转换运算符,因为。
MSDN上提供了更多的阅读资料。
class Program
{
class EncodedString
{
readonly byte[] _data;
public readonly Encoding Encoding;
public EncodedString(byte[] data, Encoding encoding)
{
_data = data;
Encoding = encoding;
}
public static EncodedString FromString(string str, Encoding encoding)
{
return new EncodedString(encoding.GetBytes(str), encoding);
}
// Will make assumption about encoding - should be marked as explicit (in fact, I wouldn't recommend having this conversion at all!)
public static explicit operator EncodedString(byte[] data)
{
return new EncodedString(data, Encoding.Default);
}
// Enough information for conversion - can make it implicit
public static implicit operator byte[](EncodedString obj)
{
return obj._data;
}
// Strings in .Net are unicode so we make no assumptions here - implicit
public static implicit operator EncodedString(string text)
{
var encoding = Encoding.Unicode;
return new EncodedString(encoding.GetBytes(text), encoding);
}
// We have all the information for conversion here - implicit is OK
public static implicit operator string(EncodedString obj)
{
return obj.Encoding.GetString(obj._data);
}
}
static void Print(EncodedString format, params object[] args)
{
// Implicit conversion EncodedString --> string
Console.WriteLine(format, args);
}
static void Main(string[] args)
{
// Text containing russian letters - needs care with Encoding!
var text = "Привет, {0}!";
// Implicit conversion string --> EncodedString
Print(text, "world");
// Create EncodedString from System.String but use UTF8 which takes 1 byte per char for simple English text
var encodedStr = EncodedString.FromString(text, Encoding.UTF8);
var fileName = Path.GetTempFileName();
// Implicit conversion EncodedString --> byte[]
File.WriteAllBytes(fileName, encodedStr);
// Explicit conversion byte[] --> EncodedString
// Prints *wrong* text because default encoding in conversion does not match actual encoding of the string
// That's the reason I don't recommend to have this conversion!
Print((EncodedString)File.ReadAllBytes(fileName), "StackOverflow.com");
// Not a conversion at all. EncodingString is instantiated explicitly
// Prints *correct* text because encoding is specified explicitly
Print(new EncodedString(File.ReadAllBytes(fileName), Encoding.UTF8), "StackOverflow.com");
Console.WriteLine("Press ENTER to finish");
Console.ReadLine();
}
}