根据user1599237的回答原则其中让cron作业在所有实例上运行，然后在作业开始时确定是否应允许它们运行，我提出了另一种解决方案。
我使用的是已经从所有实例连接到的MySQL数据库，而不是查看正在运行的实例（必须存储您的AWS密钥和机密）。
它没有缺点，只有积极的一面：
- 没有额外的实例或费用
- 坚如磐石的解决方案-不可能双重执行
- 可扩展-在您的实例放大和缩小时自动工作
- 故障转移-在实例发生故障时自动运行
或者，您也可以使用公用共享文件系统（例如通过NFS协议的AWS EFS）代替数据库。
以下解决方案是在PHP框架Yii中创建的，但是您可以轻松地使其适应其他框架和语言。另外，异常处理程序Yii::$app->system是我自己的模块。用您正在使用的任何东西替换它。
/**
* Obtain an exclusive lock to ensure only one instance or worker executes a job
*
* Examples:
*
* `php /var/app/current/yii process/lock 60 empty-trash php /var/app/current/yii maintenance/empty-trash`
* `php /var/app/current/yii process/lock 60 empty-trash php /var/app/current/yii maintenance/empty-trash StdOUT./test.log`
* `php /var/app/current/yii process/lock 60 "empty trash" php /var/app/current/yii maintenance/empty-trash StdOUT./test.log StdERR.ditto`
* `php /var/app/current/yii process/lock 60 "empty trash" php /var/app/current/yii maintenance/empty-trash StdOUT./output.log StdERR./error.log`
*
* Arguments are understood as follows:
* - First: Duration of the lock in minutes
* - Second: Job name (surround with quotes if it contains spaces)
* - The rest: Command to execute. Instead of writing `>` and `2>` for redirecting output you need to write `StdOUT` and `StdERR` respectively. To redirect stderr to stdout write `StdERR.ditto`.
*
* Command will be executed in the background. If determined that it should not be executed the script will terminate silently.
*/
public function actionLock() {
$argsAll = $args = func_get_args();
if (!is_numeric($args[0])) {
\Yii::$app->system->error('Duration for obtaining process lock is not numeric.', ['Args' => $argsAll]);
}
if (!$args[1]) {
\Yii::$app->system->error('Job name for obtaining process lock is missing.', ['Args' => $argsAll]);
}
$durationMins = $args[0];
$jobName = $args[1];
$instanceID = null;
unset($args[0], $args[1]);
$command = trim(implode(' ', $args));
if (!$command) {
\Yii::$app->system->error('Command to execute after obtaining process lock is missing.', ['Args' => $argsAll]);
}
// If using AWS Elastic Beanstalk retrieve the instance ID
if (file_exists('/etc/elasticbeanstalk/.aws-eb-system-initialized')) {
if ($awsEb = file_get_contents('/etc/elasticbeanstalk/.aws-eb-system-initialized')) {
$awsEb = json_decode($awsEb);
if (is_object($awsEb) && $awsEb->instance_id) {
$instanceID = $awsEb->instance_id;
}
}
}
// Obtain lock
$updateColumns = false; //do nothing if record already exists
$affectedRows = \Yii::$app->db->createCommand()->upsert('system_job_locks', [
'job_name' => $jobName,
'locked' => gmdate('Y-m-d H:i:s'),
'duration' => $durationMins,
'source' => $instanceID,
], $updateColumns)->execute();
// The SQL generated: INSERT INTO system_job_locks (job_name, locked, duration, source) VALUES ('some-name', '2019-04-22 17:24:39', 60, 'i-HmkDAZ9S5G5G') ON DUPLICATE KEY UPDATE job_name = job_name
if ($affectedRows == 0) {
// record already exists, check if lock has expired
$affectedRows = \Yii::$app->db->createCommand()->update('system_job_locks', [
'locked' => gmdate('Y-m-d H:i:s'),
'duration' => $durationMins,
'source' => $instanceID,
],
'job_name = :jobName AND DATE_ADD(locked, INTERVAL duration MINUTE) < NOW()', ['jobName' => $jobName]
)->execute();
// The SQL generated: UPDATE system_job_locks SET locked = '2019-04-22 17:24:39', duration = 60, source = 'i-HmkDAZ9S5G5G' WHERE job_name = 'clean-trash' AND DATE_ADD(locked, INTERVAL duration MINUTE) < NOW()
if ($affectedRows == 0) {
// We could not obtain a lock (since another process already has it) so do not execute the command
exit;
}
}
// Handle redirection of stdout and stderr
$command = str_replace('StdOUT', '>', $command);
$command = str_replace('StdERR.ditto', '2>&1', $command);
$command = str_replace('StdERR', '2>', $command);
// Execute the command as a background process so we can exit the current process
$command .= ' &';
$output = []; $exitcode = null;
exec($command, $output, $exitcode);
exit($exitcode);
}
这是我正在使用的数据库架构：
CREATE TABLE `system_job_locks` (
`job_name` VARCHAR(50) NOT NULL,
`locked` DATETIME NOT NULL COMMENT 'UTC',
`duration` SMALLINT(5) UNSIGNED NOT NULL COMMENT 'Minutes',
`source` VARCHAR(255) NULL DEFAULT NULL,
PRIMARY KEY (`job_name`)
)