诊断慢速视图渲染的原因

80

我不确定何时启动，但是我的应用程序中发生了异常情况（在开发计算机上本地运行）。突然我看到如下消息：

Started GET "/" for 127.0.0.1 at 2013-03-10 12:10:24 +1300
Processing by PagesController#home as HTML
  Rendered pages/home.html.erb within layouts/application (2.4ms)
Completed 200 OK in 3242ms (Views: 3241.4ms | ActiveRecord: 0.0ms)

如您所见，加载主页（相对简单的页面）需要3秒钟……我们不是在说硬页面的重新加载..只是再次单击另一页面上的“主页”链接。

不太确定从哪里开始，但这是我的application.rb：

#config/boot.rb is loaded
require File.expand_path('../boot', __FILE__)

require 'rails/all'

if defined?(Bundler)
  Bundler.require(*Rails.groups(:assets => %w(development test)))
end

module Goodsounds
  class Application < Rails::Application
    config.encoding = "utf-8"
    config.filter_parameters += [:password]
    config.assets.initialize_on_precompile = false
    config.assets.enabled = true
    config.action_controller.assets_dir = "#{File.dirname(File.dirname(__FILE__))}/public"
    config.assets.version = '1.0'
    config.autoload_paths += Dir["#{Rails.root}/lib/modules"]
    config.assets.paths += Dir["#{Rails.root}/app/assets/fonts/*"]
    config.assets.precompile += %w( .svg .eot .woff .ttf ) 
  end
end

...和dev.rb：

Goodsounds::Application.configure do
  # Settings specified here will take precedence over those in config/application.rb
    Paperclip.options[:command_path] = "/usr/bin/"

    config.action_mailer.default_url_options = { :host => 'localhost:3000' }

  config.action_mailer.raise_delivery_errors = true

  # set delivery method to :smtp, :sendmail or :test
  config.action_mailer.delivery_method = :smtp

  # these options are only needed if you choose smtp delivery

  config.action_mailer.smtp_settings = { :address => "localhost", :port => 1025 }

  # In the development environment your application's code is reloaded on
  # every request. This slows down response time but is perfect for development
  # since you don't have to restart the web server when you make code changes.
  config.cache_classes = false

  # Log error messages when you accidentally call methods on nil.
  config.whiny_nils = true

  # Show full error reports and disable caching
  config.consider_all_requests_local       = true
  config.action_controller.perform_caching = false

  # Print deprecation notices to the Rails logger
  config.active_support.deprecation = :log

  # Only use best-standards-support built into browsers
  config.action_dispatch.best_standards_support = :builtin

  # Raise exception on mass assignment protection for Active Record models
  config.active_re
cord.mass_assignment_sanitizer = :strict

  # Log the query plan for queries taking more than this (works
  # with SQLite, MySQL, and PostgreSQL)
  config.active_record.auto_explain_threshold_in_seconds = 0.5

  # Do not compress assets
  config.assets.compress = false

  # Expands the lines which load the assets
  config.assets.debug = true
end

编辑：

好的，这是我在新遗迹上看到的。真的没有帮助我。有什么想法吗？

在此处输入图片说明

在此处输入图片说明

哦，我从Chrome时间轴中学到的知识是：

Send Request - Details
Duration    0 (at 655 ms)
Resource    localhost
Request Method  GET

Receive Response - Details
Duration    0.043 ms (at 4.17 s)
Resource    localhost
Status Code 200
MIME Type   text/html

Receive Data - Details
Duration    176.329 ms (at 4.17 s)
Self Time   7.037 ms
CPU Time    176.329 ms
Aggregated Time 061.194 ms114.664 ms0.471 ms0
Resource    localhost
Encoded Data Length 303 Bytes
Used Heap Size  29.1 MB (+5.7 MB)

Finish Loading - Details
Duration    0 (at 4.35 s)
Resource    localhost

顺便说一句，我禁用了quiet_assets gem以查看在终端中可以发现的内容..再次..无济于事：

Started GET "/" for 127.0.0.1 at 2013-03-10 21:46:40 +1300
Processing by PagesController#home as HTML
  Rendered pages/home.html.erb within layouts/application (43.4ms)
Completed 200 OK in 3501ms (Views: 3480.9ms | ActiveRecord: 19.4ms)


Started GET "/assets/dataTables/jquery.dataTables.bootstrap.css?body=1" for 127.0.0.1 at 2013-03-10 21:46:44 +1300
Served asset /dataTables/jquery.dataTables.bootstrap.css - 304 Not Modified (11ms)


Started GET "/assets/chosen.css?body=1" for 127.0.0.1 at 2013-03-10 21:46:44 +1300
Served asset /chosen.css - 304 Not Modified (5ms)


Started GET "/assets/select2.css?body=1" for 127.0.0.1 at 2013-03-10 21:46:44 +1300
Served asset /select2.css - 304 Not Modified (4ms)


Started GET "/assets/autocomplete.css?body=1" for 127.0.0.1 at 2013-03-10 21:46:44 +1300
Served asset /autocomplete.css - 304 Not Modified (1ms)


Started GET "/assets/branches.css?body=1" for 127.0.0.1 at 2013-03-10 21:46:44 +1300
Served asset /branches.css - 304 Not Modified (2ms)


Started GET "/assets/bubbles.css?body=1" for 127.0.0.1 at 2013-03-10 21:46:44 +1300
Served asset /bubbles.css - 304 Not Modified (1ms)


Started GET "/assets/business_show.css?body=1" for 127.0.0.1 at 2013-03-10 21:46:44 +1300
Served asset /business_show.css - 304 Not Modified (1ms)


Started GET "/assets/chunkyfive_font.css?body=1" for 127.0.0.1 at 2013-03-10 21:46:44 +1300
Served asset /chunkyfive_font.css - 304 Not Modified (1ms)


Started GET "/assets/consumer_show.css?body=1" for 127.0.0.1 at 2013-03-10 21:46:44 +1300
Served asset /consumer_show.css - 304 Not Modified (2ms)


Started GET "/assets/datatable_styling.css?body=1" for 127.0.0.1 at 2013-03-10 21:46:44 +1300
Served asset /datatable_styling.css - 304 Not Modified (1ms)


Started GET "/assets/datepicker.css?body=1" for 127.0.0.1 at 2013-03-10 21:46:44 +1300
Served asset /datepicker.css - 304 Not Modified (2ms)


Started GET "/assets/devise_links.css?body=1" for 127.0.0.1 at 2013-03-10 21:46:44 +1300
Served asset /devise_links.css - 304 Not Modified (1ms)


Started GET "/assets/dispenser_show.css?body=1" for 127.0.0.1 at 2013-03-10 21:46:44 +1300
Served asset /dispenser_show.css - 304 Not Modified (1ms)


Started GET "/assets/fonts.css?body=1" for 127.0.0.1 at 2013-03-10 21:46:44 +1300
Served asset /fonts.css - 304 Not Modified (1ms)


Started GET "/assets/forms.css?body=1" for 127.0.0.1 at 2013-03-10 21:46:44 +1300
Served asset /forms.css - 304 Not Modified (2ms)


Started GET "/assets/gmaps4rails.css?body=1" for 127.0.0.1 at 2013-03-10 21:46:44 +1300
Served asset /gmaps4rails.css - 304 Not Modified (1ms)


Started GET "/assets/jquery-ui-1.10.0.custom.css?body=1" for 127.0.0.1 at 2013-03-10 21:46:44 +1300
Served asset /jquery-ui-1.10.0.custom.css - 304 Not Modified (2ms)


Started GET "/assets/jumbotrons.css?body=1" for 127.0.0.1 at 2013-03-10 21:46:44 +1300
Served asset /jumbotrons.css - 304 Not Modified (1ms)


Started GET "/assets/layout.css?body=1" for 127.0.0.1 at 2013-03-10 21:46:44 +1300
Served asset /layout.css - 304 Not Modified (1ms)


Started GET "/assets/open_sans.css?body=1" for 127.0.0.1 at 2013-03-10 21:46:44 +1300
Served asset /open_sans.css - 304 Not Modified (2ms)


Started GET "/assets/popover.css?body=1" for 127.0.0.1 at 2013-03-10 21:46:44 +1300
Served asset /popover.css - 304 Not Modified (1ms)


Started GET "/assets/reviews.css?body=1" for 127.0.0.1 at 2013-03-10 21:46:44 +1300
Served asset /reviews.css - 304 Not Modified (1ms)


Started GET "/assets/spinner.css?body=1" for 127.0.0.1 at 2013-03-10 21:46:44 +1300
Served asset /spinner.css - 304 Not Modified (2ms)


Started GET "/assets/style_show.css?body=1" for 127.0.0.1 at 2013-03-10 21:46:44 +1300
Served asset /style_show.css - 304 Not Modified (2ms)


Started GET "/assets/style_show_reviews.css?body=1" for 127.0.0.1 at 2013-03-10 21:46:44 +1300
Served asset /style_show_reviews.css - 304 Not Modified (2ms)


Started GET "/assets/jquery.js?body=1" for 127.0.0.1 at 2013-03-10 21:46:44 +1300
Served asset /jquery.js - 304 Not Modified (3ms)


Started GET "/assets/jquery_ujs.js?body=1" for 127.0.0.1 at 2013-03-10 21:46:44 +1300
Served asset /jquery_ujs.js - 304 Not Modified (3ms)


Started GET "/assets/ui.custom.min.js?body=1" for 127.0.0.1 at 2013-03-10 21:46:44 +1300
Served asset /ui.custom.min.js - 304 Not Modified (1ms)


Started GET "/assets/bootstrap-transition.js?body=1" for 127.0.0.1 at 2013-03-10 21:46:44 +1300
Served asset /bootstrap-transition.js - 304 Not Modified (5ms)


Started GET "/assets/bootstrap-affix.js?body=1" for 127.0.0.1 at 2013-03-10 21:46:44 +1300
Served asset /bootstrap-affix.js - 304 Not Modified (3ms)


Started GET "/assets/bootstrap-alert.js?body=1" for 127.0.0.1 at 2013-03-10 21:46:44 +1300
Served asset /bootstrap-alert.js - 304 Not Modified (4ms)


Started GET "/assets/bootstrap-button.js?body=1" for 127.0.0.1 at 2013-03-10 21:46:44 +1300
Served asset /bootstrap-button.js - 304 Not Modified (5ms)


Started GET "/assets/bootstrap-carousel.js?body=1" for 127.0.0.1 at 2013-03-10 21:46:44 +1300
Served asset /bootstrap-carousel.js - 304 Not Modified (3ms)


Started GET "/assets/bootstrap-collapse.js?body=1" for 127.0.0.1 at 2013-03-10 21:46:44 +1300
Served asset /bootstrap-collapse.js - 304 Not Modified (3ms)


Started GET "/assets/bootstrap-dropdown.js?body=1" for 127.0.0.1 at 2013-03-10 21:46:44 +1300
Served asset /bootstrap-dropdown.js - 304 Not Modified (3ms)


Started GET "/assets/bootstrap-modal.js?body=1" for 127.0.0.1 at 2013-03-10 21:46:44 +1300
Served asset /bootstrap-modal.js - 304 Not Modified (3ms)


Started GET "/assets/bootstrap-scrollspy.js?body=1" for 127.0.0.1 at 2013-03-10 21:46:44 +1300
Served asset /bootstrap-scrollspy.js - 304 Not Modified (3ms)


Started GET "/assets/bootstrap-tab.js?body=1" for 127.0.0.1 at 2013-03-10 21:46:44 +1300
Served asset /bootstrap-tab.js - 304 Not Modified (3ms)


Started GET "/assets/bootstrap-tooltip.js?body=1" for 127.0.0.1 at 2013-03-10 21:46:44 +1300
Served asset /bootstrap-tooltip.js - 304 Not Modified (5ms)


Started GET "/assets/bootstrap-popover.js?body=1" for 127.0.0.1 at 2013-03-10 21:46:44 +1300
Served asset /bootstrap-popover.js - 304 Not Modified (52ms)


Started GET "/assets/bootstrap-typeahead.js?body=1" for 127.0.0.1 at 2013-03-10 21:46:44 +1300
Served asset /bootstrap-typeahead.js - 304 Not Modified (3ms)


Started GET "/assets/bootstrap.js?body=1" for 127.0.0.1 at 2013-03-10 21:46:44 +1300
Served asset /bootstrap.js - 304 Not Modified (13ms)


Started GET "/assets/gmaps4rails/gmaps4rails.base.js?body=1" for 127.0.0.1 at 2013-03-10 21:46:44 +1300
Served asset /gmaps4rails/gmaps4rails.base.js - 304 Not Modified (1ms)


Started GET "/assets/gmaps4rails/gmaps4rails.bing.js?body=1" for 127.0.0.1 at 2013-03-10 21:46:44 +1300
Served asset /gmaps4rails/gmaps4rails.bing.js - 304 Not Modified (2ms)


Started GET "/assets/gmaps4rails/gmaps4rails.googlemaps.js?body=1" for 127.0.0.1 at 2013-03-10 21:46:44 +1300
Served asset /gmaps4rails/gmaps4rails.googlemaps.js - 304 Not Modified (2ms)


Started GET "/assets/gmaps4rails/gmaps4rails.mapquest.js?body=1" for 127.0.0.1 at 2013-03-10 21:46:44 +1300
Served asset /gmaps4rails/gmaps4rails.mapquest.js - 304 Not Modified (2ms)


Started GET "/assets/gmaps4rails/gmaps4rails.openlayers.js?body=1" for 127.0.0.1 at 2013-03-10 21:46:44 +1300
Served asset /gmaps4rails/gmaps4rails.openlayers.js - 304 Not Modified (2ms)


Started GET "/assets/jqueryplugins/addresspicker.js?body=1" for 127.0.0.1 at 2013-03-10 21:46:44 +1300
Served asset /jqueryplugins/addresspicker.js - 304 Not Modified (2ms)


Started GET "/assets/jqueryplugins/browser_detect.js?body=1" for 127.0.0.1 at 2013-03-10 21:46:44 +1300
Served asset /jqueryplugins/browser_detect.js - 304 Not Modified (3ms)


Started GET "/assets/jqueryplugins/charts.js?body=1" for 127.0.0.1 at 2013-03-10 21:46:44 +1300
Served asset /jqueryplugins/charts.js - 304 Not Modified (2ms)


Started GET "/assets/jqueryplugins/jquery.alphanumeric.js?body=1" for 127.0.0.1 at 2013-03-10 21:46:44 +1300
Served asset /jqueryplugins/jquery.alphanumeric.js - 304 Not Modified (1ms)


Started GET "/assets/jqueryplugins/jquery.formrestrict.js?body=1" for 127.0.0.1 at 2013-03-10 21:46:44 +1300
Served asset /jqueryplugins/jquery.formrestrict.js - 304 Not Modified (2ms)


Started GET "/assets/jqueryplugins/jquery.lazyload.js?body=1" for 127.0.0.1 at 2013-03-10 21:46:44 +1300
Served asset /jqueryplugins/jquery.lazyload.js - 304 Not Modified (1ms)


Started GET "/assets/jqueryplugins/raty.js?body=1" for 127.0.0.1 at 2013-03-10 21:46:44 +1300
Served asset /jqueryplugins/raty.js - 304 Not Modified (2ms)


Started GET "/assets/dataTables/jquery.dataTables.js?body=1" for 127.0.0.1 at 2013-03-10 21:46:44 +1300
Served asset /dataTables/jquery.dataTables.js - 304 Not Modified (13ms)


Started GET "/assets/dataTables/jquery.dataTables.bootstrap.js?body=1" for 127.0.0.1 at 2013-03-10 21:46:44 +1300
Served asset /dataTables/jquery.dataTables.bootstrap.js - 304 Not Modified (63ms)


Started GET "/assets/lib/abstract-chosen.js?body=1" for 127.0.0.1 at 2013-03-10 21:46:44 +1300
Served asset /lib/abstract-chosen.js - 304 Not Modified (12ms)


Started GET "/assets/lib/select-parser.js?body=1" for 127.0.0.1 at 2013-03-10 21:46:44 +1300
Served asset /lib/select-parser.js - 304 Not Modified (12ms)


Started GET "/assets/chosen.jquery.js?body=1" for 127.0.0.1 at 2013-03-10 21:46:44 +1300
Served asset /chosen.jquery.js - 304 Not Modified (8ms)


Started GET "/assets/chosen-jquery.js?body=1" for 127.0.0.1 at 2013-03-10 21:46:44 +1300
Served asset /chosen-jquery.js - 304 Not Modified (9ms)


Started GET "/assets/select2.js?body=1" for 127.0.0.1 at 2013-03-10 21:46:44 +1300
Served asset /select2.js - 304 Not Modified (7ms)


Started GET "/assets/highcharts.js?body=1" for 127.0.0.1 at 2013-03-10 21:46:44 +1300
Served asset /highcharts.js - 304 Not Modified (1ms)

顺便说一下，按照关于reddit的建议，我预编译了资产并运行了服务器。看到惊人的速度：

Processing by PagesController#home as HTML
Rendered pages/home.html.erb within layouts/application (1.1ms)
Completed 200 OK in 6ms (Views: 5.4ms | ActiveRecord: 0.0ms)

确定不能确定是否在提供任何帮助，但是主要的延迟发生在堆栈中的这两行代码之间：

From: /home/funkdified/.rvm/gems/ruby-1.9.3-p392@goodsounds/gems/actionpack-3.2.13.rc1/lib/action_controller/metal/implicit_render.rb @ line 5 ActionController::ImplicitRender#send_action:

    3: def send_action(method, *args)
    4:   ret = super
 => 5:   default_render unless response_body
    6:   ret
    7: end

[2] pry(#<PagesController>)> next

主要延迟

From: /home/funkdified/.rvm/gems/ruby-1.9.3-p392@goodsounds/gems/actionpack-3.2.13.rc1/lib/action_controller/metal/implicit_render.rb @ line 6 ActionController::ImplicitRender#send_action:

    3: def send_action(method, *args)
    4:   ret = super
    5:   default_render unless response_body
 => 6:   ret
    7: end
ruby-on-rails 
— 亚伯兰
source
在这里只是一个猜测，但也许您正在加载未见预编译的javascript或css负载。您是否有可能分享您认为存在问题的主视图和布局或至少一些片段？
— foklepoint 2013年
您是否生成过多的html？查看时间过去通常是页面大小的平方。在评估视图模板时，每个串联过程中都会复制包含部分页面的字符串。
— joshuanapoli
不，没有太多。也许200行HTML？我如何为您量化尺寸。
— 亚伯兰
发送请求和接收响应之间有很大的差距，但是不幸的是，Chrome时间轴和New Relic不会告诉我是什么原因造成的。是否有一种方法可以强制服务器提供更多详细信息？
— 亚伯兰
嗯，您是否在/ etc / hosts中定义了“ mysite.local”和“ mysite.localhost”之类的内容？我通常会在开发时定义后者。由于某种原因，最近我决定以以前的方式“ mysite.local”运行一个应用程序，并且每次加载页面花费了3-5秒。改回“ mysite.localhost”，它恢复正常，几分之一秒即可加载。
— jemminger 2013年

Answers:

121

好的，我终于弄清楚了。在不更改我的任何实际资产的情况下，我现在看到的是开发：

Started GET "/" for 127.0.0.1 at 2013-03-11 23:14:33 +1300
Processing by PagesController#home as HTML
Rendered pages/home.html.erb within layouts/application (1.3ms)

事实证明，延迟是由config.assets.debug = truedevelopment.rb内部引起的。将此设置为false可以解决该问题。

看起来Rails的核心团队正在辩论默认情况下是否关闭此功能，但决定反对这个想法。将来，我希望看到他们在development.rb的注释部分添加一些内容，以提示用户可能出现严重延迟。

我可以提出以下建议：

# Expands the lines which load the assets 
# May cause significant delays in view rendering

太好了，他们听到我喃喃自语，更新了音轨！

— 亚伯兰
source
1
如果适合您的项目，则可以考虑使用turbolinks（github.com/rails/turbolinks）。这可能会减轻问题，因为资产将仅在首页加载时加载，并且您将保留资产调试的优势。
— ybart 2013年
2
这绝对有帮助。不过，有一个小的修正：问题实际上是由'config.assets.debug = true'引起的，将其更改为false可以解决此问题。
— 肯·费林2014年
1
@Abram感谢您的分享。关于这一点，我挠了一下头。
— Anders 2014年
1
谢谢亚伯兰。我有大约6个月的时间了这个问题... :)
— yaru 2015年
1
这是我的确切问题-CKE正在杀死我的渲染。第一页加载60秒以上。这样简单的修复。
— DNorthrup
34

我在Rails 4.1+中也出现了同样的问题。亚伯兰的答案只是部分完成。

您可以离开，config.assets.debug = true但应禁用新的资产验证功能

# Adds additional error checking when serving assets at runtime.
# Checks for improperly declared sprockets dependencies.
# Raises helpful error messages.
config.assets.raise_runtime_errors = false

带config.assets.debug禁用功能的解决方案仅能工作，因为它只编译一次资产，并且一次验证资产。大部分时间都花在资产验证上。

— 安东·K
source
antulik，您能解决这个问题吗？我尝试了您的解决方案，但没有帮助我。我的应用曾经非常快，但是最近它的开发速度变得非常慢。有时需要5-6秒才能获得响应。90％以上的时间正在渲染应用程序/布局。stackoverflow.com/questions/35006964/weird-logs-in-rails4
— 肖恩·马盖尔
哦，我用上面的解决方案解决了。您的没用，但是不知道为什么。我在这里有一个问题。我的开发环境响应非常快，几天前突然变得超级慢。将config.assets.debug设置为false可以解决我的问题，但是您能猜出为什么这个问题突然发展吗？我觉得这应该是一个缓慢的过程，因此遇到这个没有过渡的问题会使我觉得我在代码中放了一些东西。
— 肖恩·玛盖尔
8

如果您来自3.2.13，请注意，很多人都遇到了这个问题，恢复到3.2.12似乎可以解决。您可以在github上找到更多信息。

在我的情况下，禁用config.assets.debug速度加快了一些，但是恢复到3.2.12将请求时间从大约4秒减少到大约250ms。

— 肖恩·奥哈拉
source
谢谢！我的0.2秒页面请求由3.2.13跃升至15秒。
— 图拉格
已在Rails 3.2.14
— Old Pro
2

请看一下NewRelic.com，它虽然收费，但免费试用可让您完全剖析您的应用程序，并找出瓶颈所在。

除了New Relic还要进行常规检查，例如，它什么时候开始的？你最近有什么改变？您是否已升级Rails和/或任何宝石？从源代码管理中签出并运行一些以前的版本，然后尝试找出导致问题的具体提交。

所有浏览器都会发生此问题吗？尝试启动Chrome时间轴查看器，您将能够查看浏览器是否陷入了特定的JavaScript代码。

另外尝试将本地开发Web服务器切换为瘦服务器，问题是否仍然存在？

祝好运！

— 戴夫·斯蒂芬斯
source
不幸的是，我已经更改了几件事，还把工作转移到了新的笔记本电脑上。一旦我确认这是否是一件难事，我会打勾的，但现在我还是不想回答这个问题，以防有人可以了解我的情况。
— 亚伯兰
1
您正在使用哪个版本的Rails？您是否也尝试过使用Thin作为本地开发Web服务器？您在使用源代码管理吗？
— DaveStephens
嗨，Rails 3.2.13.rc1 ... Ruby 1.9.3 p392 ...我使用的是薄型。是的，我正在将git与bitbucket一起使用。
— 亚伯兰
好的，我没有使用过3.2.13.rc1，但是它是一个候选发布版本，因此请切换到最新的生产发行版（3.2.12），以确保不是这样。您是否回滚了提交历史记录以查看问题何时开始？我在上面的资产列表中注意到的一件事是，您有很多不使用的东西，您可能应该清理掉（例如，当您只需要一个gmaps4rails CSS时就将其加载，然后出现用selected.query做两次）。
— DaveStephens
嘿，非常感谢您的帮助。明天晚上我会再看一次，因为您提出了两个好的建议。非常感谢，并会尽快回复您。
— 亚伯兰
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