Python：如何使用TO，CC和BCC发送邮件？

为了进行测试，我需要在数百个电子邮件框中填充各种消息，并打算为此使用smtplib。但是除其他外，我不仅需要能够向特定邮箱发送消息，还需要向它们发送CC和BCC消息。看起来smtplib在发送电子邮件时不支持CC-ing和BCC-ing。

寻找有关如何执行CC或BCC从python脚本发送消息的建议。

（而且-不，我不是在创建脚本向测试环境之外的任何人发送垃圾邮件。）

电子邮件标头与smtp服务器无关。发送电子邮件时，只需将抄送和密件抄送收件人添加到toaddrs。对于CC，将它们添加到CC标头中。

toaddr = 'buffy@sunnydale.k12.ca.us'
cc = ['alexander@sunydale.k12.ca.us','willow@sunnydale.k12.ca.us']
bcc = ['chairman@slayerscouncil.uk']
fromaddr = 'giles@sunnydale.k12.ca.us'
message_subject = "disturbance in sector 7"
message_text = "Three are dead in an attack in the sewers below sector 7."
message = "From: %s\r\n" % fromaddr
        + "To: %s\r\n" % toaddr
        + "CC: %s\r\n" % ",".join(cc)
        + "Subject: %s\r\n" % message_subject
        + "\r\n" 
        + message_text
toaddrs = [toaddr] + cc + bcc
server = smtplib.SMTP('smtp.sunnydale.k12.ca.us')
server.set_debuglevel(1)
server.sendmail(fromaddr, toaddrs, message)
server.quit()

关键是将收件人添加为sendmail呼叫中的电子邮件ID列表。

import smtplib
from email.mime.multipart import MIMEMultipart

me = "user63503@gmail.com"
to = "someone@gmail.com"
cc = "anotherperson@gmail.com,someone@yahoo.com"
bcc = "bccperson1@gmail.com,bccperson2@yahoo.com"

rcpt = cc.split(",") + bcc.split(",") + [to]
msg = MIMEMultipart('alternative')
msg['Subject'] = "my subject"
msg['To'] = to
msg['Cc'] = cc
msg.attach(my_msg_body)
server = smtplib.SMTP("localhost") # or your smtp server
server.sendmail(me, rcpt, msg.as_string())
server.quit()

不要添加密件抄送头。

看到这个：http : //mail.python.org/pipermail/email-sig/2004-September/000151.html

并且此：“”“注意，sendmail（）的第二个参数（收件人）作为一个列表传递。您可以在列表中包括任意数量的地址，以将消息依次传递给它们。信息与消息头是分开的，您甚至可以通过在方法参数中包括消息而不是消息头来将其密送给BCC。http：//pymotw.com/2/smtplib中的 ““

toaddr = 'buffy@sunnydale.k12.ca.us'
cc = ['alexander@sunydale.k12.ca.us','willow@sunnydale.k12.ca.us']
bcc = ['chairman@slayerscouncil.uk']
fromaddr = 'giles@sunnydale.k12.ca.us'
message_subject = "disturbance in sector 7"
message_text = "Three are dead in an attack in the sewers below sector 7."
message = "From: %s\r\n" % fromaddr
    + "To: %s\r\n" % toaddr
    + "CC: %s\r\n" % ",".join(cc)
    # don't add this, otherwise "to and cc" receivers will know who are the bcc receivers
    # + "BCC: %s\r\n" % ",".join(bcc)
    + "Subject: %s\r\n" % message_subject
    + "\r\n" 
    + message_text
toaddrs = [toaddr] + cc + bcc
server = smtplib.SMTP('smtp.sunnydale.k12.ca.us')
server.set_debuglevel(1)
server.sendmail(fromaddr, toaddrs, message)
server.quit()

从2011年11月发布的Python 3.2开始，smtplib具有一个新功能，send_message而不是just sendmail，这使得处理To / CC / BCC更加容易。从Python官方电子邮件示例提取一些修改后，我们得到：

# Import smtplib for the actual sending function
import smtplib

# Import the email modules we'll need
from email.message import EmailMessage

# Open the plain text file whose name is in textfile for reading.
with open(textfile) as fp:
    # Create a text/plain message
    msg = EmailMessage()
    msg.set_content(fp.read())

# me == the sender's email address
# you == the recipient's email address
# them == the cc's email address
# they == the bcc's email address
msg['Subject'] = 'The contents of %s' % textfile
msg['From'] = me
msg['To'] = you
msg['Cc'] = them
msg['Bcc'] = they


# Send the message via our own SMTP server.
s = smtplib.SMTP('localhost')
s.send_message(msg)
s.quit()

使用标题可以很好地工作，因为send_message遵循文档中概述的BCC：

send_message不传输可能在味精中显示的任何密件抄送或Resent-Bcc标头

随着sendmail这是共同的CC头添加到消息，做一些如：

msg['Bcc'] = blind.email@adrress.com

要么

msg = "From: from.email@address.com" +
      "To: to.email@adress.com" +
      "BCC: hidden.email@address.com" +
      "Subject: You've got mail!" +
      "This is the message body"

问题是，sendmail函数将所有这些标头视为相同，这意味着它们将被（明显地）发送给所有To：和BCC：用户，这违背了BCC的目的。如此处其他许多答案所示，解决方案是在标题中不包含密件抄送，而仅在传递给的电子邮件列表中包含BCC sendmail。

需要注意的是，它send_message需要一个Message对象，这意味着您需要从中导入一个类，email.message而不仅仅是将字符串传递到中sendmail。

TO，CC和BCC之间的区别仅出现在文本标题中。在SMTP级别，每个人都是收件人。

收件人-收件人地址为“收件人：”标题

抄送-有此收件人地址的抄送：标头

密件抄送-根本没有在标题中提到此收件人，但仍然是收件人。

如果你有

TO: abc@company.com
CC: xyz@company.com
BCC: boss@company.com

您有三个收件人。电子邮件正文中的标题将仅包含TO：和CC：

您可以尝试MIMEText

msg = MIMEText('text')
msg['to'] = 
msg['cc'] = 

然后发送msg.as_string（）

https://docs.python.org/3.6/library/email.examples.html

在我创建之前，它对我不起作用：

#created cc string
cc = ""someone@domain.com;
#added cc to header
msg['Cc'] = cc

并且在收件人[列表]中添加了抄送，例如：

s.sendmail(me, [you,cc], msg.as_string())

由于我在“收件人”和“抄送”中都有多个收件人，因此上述所有内容都不适合我。所以我尝试如下：

recipients = ['abc@gmail.com', 'xyz@gmail.com']
cc_recipients = ['lmn@gmail.com', 'pqr@gmail.com']
MESSAGE['To'] = ", ".join(recipients)
MESSAGE['Cc'] = ", ".join(cc_recipients)

并使用“ cc_recipients”扩展“收件人”并以平凡的方式发送邮件

recipients.extend(cc_recipients)
server.sendmail(FROM,recipients,MESSAGE.as_string())