熊猫:按时间间隔滚动平均值


85

我是Pandas的新手。。。我有一堆轮询数据。我想计算一个滚动平均值,以便基于三天的窗口来获取每天的估算值。据我从这个问题可以理解,rolling_ *函数根据指定数量的值而不是特定的日期时间范围来计算窗口。

有实现该功能的其他功能吗?还是我坚持自己写?

编辑:

样本输入数据:

polls_subset.tail(20)
Out[185]: 
            favorable  unfavorable  other

enddate                                  
2012-10-25       0.48         0.49   0.03
2012-10-25       0.51         0.48   0.02
2012-10-27       0.51         0.47   0.02
2012-10-26       0.56         0.40   0.04
2012-10-28       0.48         0.49   0.04
2012-10-28       0.46         0.46   0.09
2012-10-28       0.48         0.49   0.03
2012-10-28       0.49         0.48   0.03
2012-10-30       0.53         0.45   0.02
2012-11-01       0.49         0.49   0.03
2012-11-01       0.47         0.47   0.05
2012-11-01       0.51         0.45   0.04
2012-11-03       0.49         0.45   0.06
2012-11-04       0.53         0.39   0.00
2012-11-04       0.47         0.44   0.08
2012-11-04       0.49         0.48   0.03
2012-11-04       0.52         0.46   0.01
2012-11-04       0.50         0.47   0.03
2012-11-05       0.51         0.46   0.02
2012-11-07       0.51         0.41   0.00

每个日期的输出将只有一行。

编辑x2:固定错字


2
在Pandas错误跟踪器中有一个尚待解决的问题,需要此功能:github.com/pydata/pandas/issues/936。该功能尚不存在。该问题的答案描述了一种获得所需效果的方法,但是与内置rolling_*函数相比,它通常会很慢。
BrenBarn

Answers:


73

同时,添加了时间窗口功能。看到这个链接

In [1]: df = DataFrame({'B': range(5)})

In [2]: df.index = [Timestamp('20130101 09:00:00'),
   ...:             Timestamp('20130101 09:00:02'),
   ...:             Timestamp('20130101 09:00:03'),
   ...:             Timestamp('20130101 09:00:05'),
   ...:             Timestamp('20130101 09:00:06')]

In [3]: df
Out[3]: 
                     B
2013-01-01 09:00:00  0
2013-01-01 09:00:02  1
2013-01-01 09:00:03  2
2013-01-01 09:00:05  3
2013-01-01 09:00:06  4

In [4]: df.rolling(2, min_periods=1).sum()
Out[4]: 
                       B
2013-01-01 09:00:00  0.0
2013-01-01 09:00:02  1.0
2013-01-01 09:00:03  3.0
2013-01-01 09:00:05  5.0
2013-01-01 09:00:06  7.0

In [5]: df.rolling('2s', min_periods=1).sum()
Out[5]: 
                       B
2013-01-01 09:00:00  0.0
2013-01-01 09:00:02  1.0
2013-01-01 09:00:03  3.0
2013-01-01 09:00:05  3.0
2013-01-01 09:00:06  7.0

这应该是最佳答案。
伊万

6
对于偏移量(如“2s”)参数的文档rolling可以是在这里:pandas.pydata.org/pandas-docs/stable/user_guide/...
吉列尔梅莎乐美

2
如果数据框中有多个列怎么办?我们如何指定特定的列?
Brain_overflowed

@Brain_overflowed设置为索引
凌晨

min_period使用此方法似乎不可靠。对于min_periods> 1,由于时间戳精度/可变采样率,您可能会在NaN所不期望的位置获得它们
Albert James Teddy

50

那这样的事情呢:

首先将数据帧重新采样为一维间隔。这取所有重复天的平均值。使用该fill_method选项来填写缺少的日期值。接下来,将重新采样的帧传递到pd.rolling_mean3且min_periods = 1的窗口中:

pd.rolling_mean(df.resample("1D", fill_method="ffill"), window=3, min_periods=1)

            favorable  unfavorable     other
enddate
2012-10-25   0.495000     0.485000  0.025000
2012-10-26   0.527500     0.442500  0.032500
2012-10-27   0.521667     0.451667  0.028333
2012-10-28   0.515833     0.450000  0.035833
2012-10-29   0.488333     0.476667  0.038333
2012-10-30   0.495000     0.470000  0.038333
2012-10-31   0.512500     0.460000  0.029167
2012-11-01   0.516667     0.456667  0.026667
2012-11-02   0.503333     0.463333  0.033333
2012-11-03   0.490000     0.463333  0.046667
2012-11-04   0.494000     0.456000  0.043333
2012-11-05   0.500667     0.452667  0.036667
2012-11-06   0.507333     0.456000  0.023333
2012-11-07   0.510000     0.443333  0.013333

更新:正如Ben在评论中指出的那样,对于熊猫0.18.0,语法已更改。使用新语法,将是:

df.resample("1d").sum().fillna(0).rolling(window=3, min_periods=1).mean()

抱歉,Pandas newb,填充完全用作提供缺失值的规则是什么?
2013年

1
有几个填充选项。 ffill代表向前填充,并简单地传播最近的非缺失值。同样,bfill对于向后填充,按相反的顺序执行相同的操作。
Zelazny13年

9
也许我在这里弄错了,但是您是否忽略了同一天的多个读数(以滚动方式表示,您希望两个读数的重量大于一个读数……)
Andy Hayden 2014年

4
好答案。请注意,在熊猫0.18.0中,语法已更改。新语法为:df.resample("1D").ffill(limit=0).rolling(window=3, min_periods=1).mean()
2016年

1
要在熊猫版本0.18.1中复制原始答案的结果,我使用的是:df.resample("1d").mean().rolling(window=3, min_periods=1).mean()
JohnE

33

我只是有同样的问题,但数据点的间距不规则。在这里重采样并不是真正的选择。因此,我创建了自己的函数。也许对其他人也有用:

from pandas import Series, DataFrame
import pandas as pd
from datetime import datetime, timedelta
import numpy as np

def rolling_mean(data, window, min_periods=1, center=False):
    ''' Function that computes a rolling mean

    Parameters
    ----------
    data : DataFrame or Series
           If a DataFrame is passed, the rolling_mean is computed for all columns.
    window : int or string
             If int is passed, window is the number of observations used for calculating 
             the statistic, as defined by the function pd.rolling_mean()
             If a string is passed, it must be a frequency string, e.g. '90S'. This is
             internally converted into a DateOffset object, representing the window size.
    min_periods : int
                  Minimum number of observations in window required to have a value.

    Returns
    -------
    Series or DataFrame, if more than one column    
    '''
    def f(x):
        '''Function to apply that actually computes the rolling mean'''
        if center == False:
            dslice = col[x-pd.datetools.to_offset(window).delta+timedelta(0,0,1):x]
                # adding a microsecond because when slicing with labels start and endpoint
                # are inclusive
        else:
            dslice = col[x-pd.datetools.to_offset(window).delta/2+timedelta(0,0,1):
                         x+pd.datetools.to_offset(window).delta/2]
        if dslice.size < min_periods:
            return np.nan
        else:
            return dslice.mean()

    data = DataFrame(data.copy())
    dfout = DataFrame()
    if isinstance(window, int):
        dfout = pd.rolling_mean(data, window, min_periods=min_periods, center=center)
    elif isinstance(window, basestring):
        idx = Series(data.index.to_pydatetime(), index=data.index)
        for colname, col in data.iterkv():
            result = idx.apply(f)
            result.name = colname
            dfout = dfout.join(result, how='outer')
    if dfout.columns.size == 1:
        dfout = dfout.ix[:,0]
    return dfout


# Example
idx = [datetime(2011, 2, 7, 0, 0),
       datetime(2011, 2, 7, 0, 1),
       datetime(2011, 2, 7, 0, 1, 30),
       datetime(2011, 2, 7, 0, 2),
       datetime(2011, 2, 7, 0, 4),
       datetime(2011, 2, 7, 0, 5),
       datetime(2011, 2, 7, 0, 5, 10),
       datetime(2011, 2, 7, 0, 6),
       datetime(2011, 2, 7, 0, 8),
       datetime(2011, 2, 7, 0, 9)]
idx = pd.Index(idx)
vals = np.arange(len(idx)).astype(float)
s = Series(vals, index=idx)
rm = rolling_mean(s, window='2min')

您能包括相关进口吗?
布莱斯·德伦南2014年

您能否提供一个示例输入数据帧,如果计算时间间隔滑动窗口,该输入数据帧将起作用,谢谢
joshlk 2014年

在原始帖子中添加了一个示例。
user2689410'4

5
同样可以现在可以用做s.rolling('2min', min_periods=1).mean()
kampta

8

user2689410的代码正是我所需要的。提供我的版本(归功于user2689410),由于可以一次计算DataFrame中整个行的均值,因此速度更快。

希望我的后缀约定可读:_s:字符串,_i:int,_b:bool,_ser:Series和_df:DataFrame。如果找到多个后缀,则可以同时输入。

import pandas as pd
from datetime import datetime, timedelta
import numpy as np

def time_offset_rolling_mean_df_ser(data_df_ser, window_i_s, min_periods_i=1, center_b=False):
    """ Function that computes a rolling mean

    Credit goes to user2689410 at http://stackoverflow.com/questions/15771472/pandas-rolling-mean-by-time-interval

    Parameters
    ----------
    data_df_ser : DataFrame or Series
         If a DataFrame is passed, the time_offset_rolling_mean_df_ser is computed for all columns.
    window_i_s : int or string
         If int is passed, window_i_s is the number of observations used for calculating
         the statistic, as defined by the function pd.time_offset_rolling_mean_df_ser()
         If a string is passed, it must be a frequency string, e.g. '90S'. This is
         internally converted into a DateOffset object, representing the window_i_s size.
    min_periods_i : int
         Minimum number of observations in window_i_s required to have a value.

    Returns
    -------
    Series or DataFrame, if more than one column

    >>> idx = [
    ...     datetime(2011, 2, 7, 0, 0),
    ...     datetime(2011, 2, 7, 0, 1),
    ...     datetime(2011, 2, 7, 0, 1, 30),
    ...     datetime(2011, 2, 7, 0, 2),
    ...     datetime(2011, 2, 7, 0, 4),
    ...     datetime(2011, 2, 7, 0, 5),
    ...     datetime(2011, 2, 7, 0, 5, 10),
    ...     datetime(2011, 2, 7, 0, 6),
    ...     datetime(2011, 2, 7, 0, 8),
    ...     datetime(2011, 2, 7, 0, 9)]
    >>> idx = pd.Index(idx)
    >>> vals = np.arange(len(idx)).astype(float)
    >>> ser = pd.Series(vals, index=idx)
    >>> df = pd.DataFrame({'s1':ser, 's2':ser+1})
    >>> time_offset_rolling_mean_df_ser(df, window_i_s='2min')
                          s1   s2
    2011-02-07 00:00:00  0.0  1.0
    2011-02-07 00:01:00  0.5  1.5
    2011-02-07 00:01:30  1.0  2.0
    2011-02-07 00:02:00  2.0  3.0
    2011-02-07 00:04:00  4.0  5.0
    2011-02-07 00:05:00  4.5  5.5
    2011-02-07 00:05:10  5.0  6.0
    2011-02-07 00:06:00  6.0  7.0
    2011-02-07 00:08:00  8.0  9.0
    2011-02-07 00:09:00  8.5  9.5
    """

    def calculate_mean_at_ts(ts):
        """Function (closure) to apply that actually computes the rolling mean"""
        if center_b == False:
            dslice_df_ser = data_df_ser[
                ts-pd.datetools.to_offset(window_i_s).delta+timedelta(0,0,1):
                ts
            ]
            # adding a microsecond because when slicing with labels start and endpoint
            # are inclusive
        else:
            dslice_df_ser = data_df_ser[
                ts-pd.datetools.to_offset(window_i_s).delta/2+timedelta(0,0,1):
                ts+pd.datetools.to_offset(window_i_s).delta/2
            ]
        if  (isinstance(dslice_df_ser, pd.DataFrame) and dslice_df_ser.shape[0] < min_periods_i) or \
            (isinstance(dslice_df_ser, pd.Series) and dslice_df_ser.size < min_periods_i):
            return dslice_df_ser.mean()*np.nan   # keeps number format and whether Series or DataFrame
        else:
            return dslice_df_ser.mean()

    if isinstance(window_i_s, int):
        mean_df_ser = pd.rolling_mean(data_df_ser, window=window_i_s, min_periods=min_periods_i, center=center_b)
    elif isinstance(window_i_s, basestring):
        idx_ser = pd.Series(data_df_ser.index.to_pydatetime(), index=data_df_ser.index)
        mean_df_ser = idx_ser.apply(calculate_mean_at_ts)

    return mean_df_ser

3

此示例似乎要求使用@andyhayden的注释中建议的加权平均值。例如,在10/25上有两个民意调查,在10/26和10/27上各有一个民意调查。如果您只是重新采样然后取平均值,那么与10/25上的民意测验相比,这实际上为10/26和10/27上的民意测验提供了两倍的权重。

要使每次投票具有相等的权重而不是每天具有相同的权重,您可以执行以下操作。

>>> wt = df.resample('D',limit=5).count()

            favorable  unfavorable  other
enddate                                  
2012-10-25          2            2      2
2012-10-26          1            1      1
2012-10-27          1            1      1

>>> df2 = df.resample('D').mean()

            favorable  unfavorable  other
enddate                                  
2012-10-25      0.495        0.485  0.025
2012-10-26      0.560        0.400  0.040
2012-10-27      0.510        0.470  0.020

这为您提供了基于民意测验的平均值,而不是基于日数的平均值。和以前一样,将调查的平均值平均为10/25,但也会存储10/25的权重,是10/26或10/27的权重的两倍,以反映在10/25进行了两次调查。

>>> df3 = df2 * wt
>>> df3 = df3.rolling(3,min_periods=1).sum()
>>> wt3 = wt.rolling(3,min_periods=1).sum()

>>> df3 = df3 / wt3  

            favorable  unfavorable     other
enddate                                     
2012-10-25   0.495000     0.485000  0.025000
2012-10-26   0.516667     0.456667  0.030000
2012-10-27   0.515000     0.460000  0.027500
2012-10-28   0.496667     0.465000  0.041667
2012-10-29   0.484000     0.478000  0.042000
2012-10-30   0.488000     0.474000  0.042000
2012-10-31   0.530000     0.450000  0.020000
2012-11-01   0.500000     0.465000  0.035000
2012-11-02   0.490000     0.470000  0.040000
2012-11-03   0.490000     0.465000  0.045000
2012-11-04   0.500000     0.448333  0.035000
2012-11-05   0.501429     0.450000  0.032857
2012-11-06   0.503333     0.450000  0.028333
2012-11-07   0.510000     0.435000  0.010000

请注意,10/27的滚动平均值现在为0.51500(投票加权),而不是52.1667(日加权)。

还要注意,已更改的APIresamplerolling作为版本0.18.0。

滚动(pandas 0.18.0中的新增功能)

重新采样(pandas 0.18.0中的新增功能)


3

为了使它基本,我使用了循环和类似的方法来开始使用(我的索引是日期时间):

import pandas as pd
import datetime as dt

#populate your dataframe: "df"
#...

df[df.index<(df.index[0]+dt.timedelta(hours=1))] #gives you a slice. you can then take .sum() .mean(), whatever

然后您可以在该片上运行函数。您可以看到添加迭代器以使窗口的开始与数据帧索引中的第一个值不同,然后如何滚动窗口(例如,您也可以使用>规则作为开始)。

请注意,这对于超级大数据或非常小的增量而言可能效率较低,因为您的分片可能会变得更加费力(对我来说,足以应付数十万行数据和几列,尽管对于几个星期的小时窗口而言)


2

当我尝试使用window ='1M'时,我发现user2689410代码中断,因为营业月的增量引发此错误:

AttributeError: 'MonthEnd' object has no attribute 'delta'

我添加了直接传递相对时间增量的选项,因此您可以针对用户定义的时间段执行类似的操作。

感谢您的指点,这是我的尝试-希望可以使用。

def rolling_mean(data, window, min_periods=1, center=False):
""" Function that computes a rolling mean
Reference:
    http://stackoverflow.com/questions/15771472/pandas-rolling-mean-by-time-interval

Parameters
----------
data : DataFrame or Series
       If a DataFrame is passed, the rolling_mean is computed for all columns.
window : int, string, Timedelta or Relativedelta
         int - number of observations used for calculating the statistic,
               as defined by the function pd.rolling_mean()
         string - must be a frequency string, e.g. '90S'. This is
                  internally converted into a DateOffset object, and then
                  Timedelta representing the window size.
         Timedelta / Relativedelta - Can directly pass a timedeltas.
min_periods : int
              Minimum number of observations in window required to have a value.
center : bool
         Point around which to 'center' the slicing.

Returns
-------
Series or DataFrame, if more than one column
"""
def f(x, time_increment):
    """Function to apply that actually computes the rolling mean
    :param x:
    :return:
    """
    if not center:
        # adding a microsecond because when slicing with labels start
        # and endpoint are inclusive
        start_date = x - time_increment + timedelta(0, 0, 1)
        end_date = x
    else:
        start_date = x - time_increment/2 + timedelta(0, 0, 1)
        end_date = x + time_increment/2
    # Select the date index from the
    dslice = col[start_date:end_date]

    if dslice.size < min_periods:
        return np.nan
    else:
        return dslice.mean()

data = DataFrame(data.copy())
dfout = DataFrame()
if isinstance(window, int):
    dfout = pd.rolling_mean(data, window, min_periods=min_periods, center=center)

elif isinstance(window, basestring):
    time_delta = pd.datetools.to_offset(window).delta
    idx = Series(data.index.to_pydatetime(), index=data.index)
    for colname, col in data.iteritems():
        result = idx.apply(lambda x: f(x, time_delta))
        result.name = colname
        dfout = dfout.join(result, how='outer')

elif isinstance(window, (timedelta, relativedelta)):
    time_delta = window
    idx = Series(data.index.to_pydatetime(), index=data.index)
    for colname, col in data.iteritems():
        result = idx.apply(lambda x: f(x, time_delta))
        result.name = colname
        dfout = dfout.join(result, how='outer')

if dfout.columns.size == 1:
    dfout = dfout.ix[:, 0]
return dfout

并以3天时间窗计算平均值的示例:

from pandas import Series, DataFrame
import pandas as pd
from datetime import datetime, timedelta
import numpy as np
from dateutil.relativedelta import relativedelta

idx = [datetime(2011, 2, 7, 0, 0),
           datetime(2011, 2, 7, 0, 1),
           datetime(2011, 2, 8, 0, 1, 30),
           datetime(2011, 2, 9, 0, 2),
           datetime(2011, 2, 10, 0, 4),
           datetime(2011, 2, 11, 0, 5),
           datetime(2011, 2, 12, 0, 5, 10),
           datetime(2011, 2, 12, 0, 6),
           datetime(2011, 2, 13, 0, 8),
           datetime(2011, 2, 14, 0, 9)]
idx = pd.Index(idx)
vals = np.arange(len(idx)).astype(float)
s = Series(vals, index=idx)
# Now try by passing the 3 days as a relative time delta directly.
rm = rolling_mean(s, window=relativedelta(days=3))
>>> rm
Out[2]: 
2011-02-07 00:00:00    0.0
2011-02-07 00:01:00    0.5
2011-02-08 00:01:30    1.0
2011-02-09 00:02:00    1.5
2011-02-10 00:04:00    3.0
2011-02-11 00:05:00    4.0
2011-02-12 00:05:10    5.0
2011-02-12 00:06:00    5.5
2011-02-13 00:08:00    6.5
2011-02-14 00:09:00    7.5
Name: 0, dtype: float64

0

检查您的索引确实是datetime,不是str 可以帮助:

data.index = pd.to_datetime(data['Index']).values
By using our site, you acknowledge that you have read and understand our Cookie Policy and Privacy Policy.
Licensed under cc by-sa 3.0 with attribution required.