我正在使用python Requests。我需要调试一些OAuth活动，为此，我希望它记录正在执行的所有请求。我可以通过获得此信息ngrep，但是很遗憾，无法grep https连接（所需OAuth）

如何激活Requests正在访问的所有URL（+参数）的日志记录？

基础urllib3库记录与logging模块（而不是POST正文）的所有新连接和URL 。对于GET请求，这应该足够了：

import logging

logging.basicConfig(level=logging.DEBUG)

这为您提供了最详细的日志记录选项；有关如何配置日志记录级别和目标的更多详细信息，请参见日志记录操作指南。

简短的演示：

>>> import requests
>>> import logging
>>> logging.basicConfig(level=logging.DEBUG)
>>> r = requests.get('http://httpbin.org/get?foo=bar&baz=python')
DEBUG:urllib3.connectionpool:Starting new HTTP connection (1): httpbin.org:80
DEBUG:urllib3.connectionpool:http://httpbin.org:80 "GET /get?foo=bar&baz=python HTTP/1.1" 200 366

根据urllib3的确切版本，将记录以下消息：

• INFO：重定向
• WARN：连接池已满（如果发生这种情况，通常会增加连接池的大小）
• WARN：无法解析标头（格式无效的响应标头）
• WARN：重试连接
• WARN：证书与预期的主机名不匹配
• WARN：处理分块响应时，接收到的内容长度和传输编码都包含响应
• DEBUG：新连接（HTTP或HTTPS）
• DEBUG：断开的连接
• DEBUG：连接详细信息：方法，路径，HTTP版本，状态代码和响应长度
• DEBUG：重试计数增量

这不包括标题或正文。urllib3使用http.client.HTTPConnection该类完成任务，但是该类不支持日志记录，通常只能将其配置为打印到stdout。但是，您可以绑定该模块以将所有调试信息发送到日志记录，而无需print在该模块中引入一个替代名称：

import logging
import http.client

httpclient_logger = logging.getLogger("http.client")

def httpclient_logging_patch(level=logging.DEBUG):
    """Enable HTTPConnection debug logging to the logging framework"""

    def httpclient_log(*args):
        httpclient_logger.log(level, " ".join(args))

    # mask the print() built-in in the http.client module to use
    # logging instead
    http.client.print = httpclient_log
    # enable debugging
    http.client.HTTPConnection.debuglevel = 1

调用httpclient_logging_patch()导致http.client连接将所有调试信息输出到标准记录器，因此被以下对象拾取logging.basicConfig()：

>>> httpclient_logging_patch()
>>> r = requests.get('http://httpbin.org/get?foo=bar&baz=python')
DEBUG:urllib3.connectionpool:Starting new HTTP connection (1): httpbin.org:80
DEBUG:http.client:send: b'GET /get?foo=bar&baz=python HTTP/1.1\r\nHost: httpbin.org\r\nUser-Agent: python-requests/2.22.0\r\nAccept-Encoding: gzip, deflate\r\nAccept: */*\r\nConnection: keep-alive\r\n\r\n'
DEBUG:http.client:reply: 'HTTP/1.1 200 OK\r\n'
DEBUG:http.client:header: Date: Tue, 04 Feb 2020 13:36:53 GMT
DEBUG:http.client:header: Content-Type: application/json
DEBUG:http.client:header: Content-Length: 366
DEBUG:http.client:header: Connection: keep-alive
DEBUG:http.client:header: Server: gunicorn/19.9.0
DEBUG:http.client:header: Access-Control-Allow-Origin: *
DEBUG:http.client:header: Access-Control-Allow-Credentials: true
DEBUG:urllib3.connectionpool:http://httpbin.org:80 "GET /get?foo=bar&baz=python HTTP/1.1" 200 366

您需要启用调试时httplib的水平（requests→交通urllib3→交通httplib）。

这是一些同时切换（..._on()和..._off()）或暂时启用它的功能：

import logging
import contextlib
try:
    from http.client import HTTPConnection # py3
except ImportError:
    from httplib import HTTPConnection # py2

def debug_requests_on():
    '''Switches on logging of the requests module.'''
    HTTPConnection.debuglevel = 1

    logging.basicConfig()
    logging.getLogger().setLevel(logging.DEBUG)
    requests_log = logging.getLogger("requests.packages.urllib3")
    requests_log.setLevel(logging.DEBUG)
    requests_log.propagate = True

def debug_requests_off():
    '''Switches off logging of the requests module, might be some side-effects'''
    HTTPConnection.debuglevel = 0

    root_logger = logging.getLogger()
    root_logger.setLevel(logging.WARNING)
    root_logger.handlers = []
    requests_log = logging.getLogger("requests.packages.urllib3")
    requests_log.setLevel(logging.WARNING)
    requests_log.propagate = False

@contextlib.contextmanager
def debug_requests():
    '''Use with 'with'!'''
    debug_requests_on()
    yield
    debug_requests_off()

演示用途：

>>> requests.get('http://httpbin.org/')
<Response [200]>

>>> debug_requests_on()
>>> requests.get('http://httpbin.org/')
INFO:requests.packages.urllib3.connectionpool:Starting new HTTP connection (1): httpbin.org
DEBUG:requests.packages.urllib3.connectionpool:"GET / HTTP/1.1" 200 12150
send: 'GET / HTTP/1.1\r\nHost: httpbin.org\r\nConnection: keep-alive\r\nAccept-
Encoding: gzip, deflate\r\nAccept: */*\r\nUser-Agent: python-requests/2.11.1\r\n\r\n'
reply: 'HTTP/1.1 200 OK\r\n'
header: Server: nginx
...
<Response [200]>

>>> debug_requests_off()
>>> requests.get('http://httpbin.org/')
<Response [200]>

>>> with debug_requests():
...     requests.get('http://httpbin.org/')
INFO:requests.packages.urllib3.connectionpool:Starting new HTTP connection (1): httpbin.org
...
<Response [200]>

您将看到包括HEADERS和DATA在内的REQUEST，以及带有HEADERS但没有DATA的RESPONSE。唯一缺少的是没有记录的response.body。

资源

对于使用python 3+的用户

import requests
import logging
import http.client

http.client.HTTPConnection.debuglevel = 1

logging.basicConfig()
logging.getLogger().setLevel(logging.DEBUG)
requests_log = logging.getLogger("requests.packages.urllib3")
requests_log.setLevel(logging.DEBUG)
requests_log.propagate = True

当尝试使Python日志记录系统（import logging）发出低级调试日志消息时，我很惊讶地发现给定的内容：

requests --> urllib3 --> http.client.HTTPConnection

urllib3实际上仅使用Python logging系统：

• requests 没有
• http.client.HTTPConnection 没有
• urllib3 是

当然，您可以HTTPConnection通过设置以下内容来提取调试消息：

HTTPConnection.debuglevel = 1

但是这些输出仅通过print语句发出。为了证明这一点，只需grep Python 3.7 client.py源代码并自己查看打印语句（感谢@Yohann）：

curl https://raw.githubusercontent.com/python/cpython/3.7/Lib/http/client.py |grep -A1 debuglevel` 

大概以某种方式重定向stdout可能有助于将stdout拖入日志系统，并有可能捕获到例如日志文件中。

选择' urllib3'logger not' requests.packages.urllib3'

与互联网上的许多建议相反，urllib3通过Python 3 logging系统捕获调试信息，正如@MikeSmith指出的那样，您不会遇到很多运气拦截：

log = logging.getLogger('requests.packages.urllib3')

相反，您需要：

log = logging.getLogger('urllib3')

调试urllib3到日志文件

这是一些urllib3使用Python logging系统将工作记录到日志文件中的代码：

import requests
import logging
from http.client import HTTPConnection  # py3

# log = logging.getLogger('requests.packages.urllib3')  # useless
log = logging.getLogger('urllib3')  # works

log.setLevel(logging.DEBUG)  # needed
fh = logging.FileHandler("requests.log")
log.addHandler(fh)

requests.get('http://httpbin.org/')

结果：

Starting new HTTP connection (1): httpbin.org:80
http://httpbin.org:80 "GET / HTTP/1.1" 200 3168

启用HTTPConnection.debuglevelprint（）语句

如果您设定 HTTPConnection.debuglevel = 1

from http.client import HTTPConnection  # py3
HTTPConnection.debuglevel = 1
requests.get('http://httpbin.org/')

您将获得其他多汁的低级别信息的print语句输出：

send: b'GET / HTTP/1.1\r\nHost: httpbin.org\r\nUser-Agent: python- 
requests/2.22.0\r\nAccept-Encoding: gzip, deflate\r\nAccept: */*\r\nConnection: keep-alive\r\n\r\n'
reply: 'HTTP/1.1 200 OK\r\n'
header: Access-Control-Allow-Credentials header: Access-Control-Allow-Origin 
header: Content-Encoding header: Content-Type header: Date header: ...

请记住，此输出使用的print不是Python logging系统，因此无法使用传统的方法捕获logging流或文件处理程序捕获（尽管可以通过重定向stdout将输出捕获到文件中）。

结合以上两者-将所有可能的日志记录最大化到控制台

为了最大限度地利用所有可能的日志记录，您必须使用以下命令来满足控制台/ stdout输出的要求：

import requests
import logging
from http.client import HTTPConnection  # py3

log = logging.getLogger('urllib3')
log.setLevel(logging.DEBUG)

# logging from urllib3 to console
ch = logging.StreamHandler()
ch.setLevel(logging.DEBUG)
log.addHandler(ch)

# print statements from `http.client.HTTPConnection` to console/stdout
HTTPConnection.debuglevel = 1

requests.get('http://httpbin.org/')

提供完整的输出范围：

Starting new HTTP connection (1): httpbin.org:80
send: b'GET / HTTP/1.1\r\nHost: httpbin.org\r\nUser-Agent: python-requests/2.22.0\r\nAccept-Encoding: gzip, deflate\r\nAccept: */*\r\nConnection: keep-alive\r\n\r\n'
reply: 'HTTP/1.1 200 OK\r\n'
http://httpbin.org:80 "GET / HTTP/1.1" 200 3168
header: Access-Control-Allow-Credentials header: Access-Control-Allow-Origin 
header: Content-Encoding header: ...

我正在使用python 3.4，请求2.19.1：

“ urllib3”是现在获取的记录器（不再是“ requests.packages.urllib3”）。在不设置http.client.HTTPConnection.debuglevel的情况下，仍然会发生基本日志记录

具有用于网络协议调试的脚本或什至是应用程序的子系统，希望查看确切的请求-响应对，包括有效的URL，标头，有效负载和状态。通常，在各地检测单个请求是不切实际的。同时，出于性能方面的考虑，建议使用单个（或几个专门化）requests.Session，因此以下假定遵循了该建议。

requests支持所谓的事件挂钩（从2.23开始，实际上只有response挂钩）。从本质上讲，它是一个事件侦听器，并且该事件是在从返回控件之前发出的requests.request。此时，请求和响应都已完全定义，因此可以记录下来。

import logging

import requests


logger = logging.getLogger('httplogger')

def logRoundtrip(response, *args, **kwargs):
    extra = {'req': response.request, 'res': response}
    logger.debug('HTTP roundtrip', extra=extra)

session = requests.Session()
session.hooks['response'].append(logRoundtrip)

基本上，这就是记录会话的所有HTTP往返的方式。

格式化HTTP往返日志记录

为了使上面的日志记录有用，可以使用专门的日志记录格式化程序，该格式化程序可以理解日志记录req并提供res额外的信息。它看起来可能像这样：

import textwrap

class HttpFormatter(logging.Formatter):   

    def _formatHeaders(self, d):
        return '\n'.join(f'{k}: {v}' for k, v in d.items())

    def formatMessage(self, record):
        result = super().formatMessage(record)
        if record.name == 'httplogger':
            result += textwrap.dedent('''
                ---------------- request ----------------
                {req.method} {req.url}
                {reqhdrs}

                {req.body}
                ---------------- response ----------------
                {res.status_code} {res.reason} {res.url}
                {reshdrs}

                {res.text}
            ''').format(
                req=record.req,
                res=record.res,
                reqhdrs=self._formatHeaders(record.req.headers),
                reshdrs=self._formatHeaders(record.res.headers),
            )

        return result

formatter = HttpFormatter('{asctime} {levelname} {name} {message}', style='{')
handler = logging.StreamHandler()
handler.setFormatter(formatter)
logging.basicConfig(level=logging.DEBUG, handlers=[handler])

现在，如果您使用进行一些请求session，例如：

session.get('https://httpbin.org/user-agent')
session.get('https://httpbin.org/status/200')

的输出stderr将如下所示。

2020-05-14 22:10:13,224 DEBUG urllib3.connectionpool Starting new HTTPS connection (1): httpbin.org:443
2020-05-14 22:10:13,695 DEBUG urllib3.connectionpool https://httpbin.org:443 "GET /user-agent HTTP/1.1" 200 45
2020-05-14 22:10:13,698 DEBUG httplogger HTTP roundtrip
---------------- request ----------------
GET https://httpbin.org/user-agent
User-Agent: python-requests/2.23.0
Accept-Encoding: gzip, deflate
Accept: */*
Connection: keep-alive

None
---------------- response ----------------
200 OK https://httpbin.org/user-agent
Date: Thu, 14 May 2020 20:10:13 GMT
Content-Type: application/json
Content-Length: 45
Connection: keep-alive
Server: gunicorn/19.9.0
Access-Control-Allow-Origin: *
Access-Control-Allow-Credentials: true

{
  "user-agent": "python-requests/2.23.0"
}


2020-05-14 22:10:13,814 DEBUG urllib3.connectionpool https://httpbin.org:443 "GET /status/200 HTTP/1.1" 200 0
2020-05-14 22:10:13,818 DEBUG httplogger HTTP roundtrip
---------------- request ----------------
GET https://httpbin.org/status/200
User-Agent: python-requests/2.23.0
Accept-Encoding: gzip, deflate
Accept: */*
Connection: keep-alive

None
---------------- response ----------------
200 OK https://httpbin.org/status/200
Date: Thu, 14 May 2020 20:10:13 GMT
Content-Type: text/html; charset=utf-8
Content-Length: 0
Connection: keep-alive
Server: gunicorn/19.9.0
Access-Control-Allow-Origin: *
Access-Control-Allow-Credentials: true

GUI方式

当您有很多查询时，使用简单的UI和筛选记录的方法就很方便。我将展示使用Chronologer（我是作者）。

首先，该钩子已被重写以产生记录，这些记录logging在通过电线发送时可以序列化。它看起来可能像这样：

def logRoundtrip(response, *args, **kwargs): 
    extra = {
        'req': {
            'method': response.request.method,
            'url': response.request.url,
            'headers': response.request.headers,
            'body': response.request.body,
        }, 
        'res': {
            'code': response.status_code,
            'reason': response.reason,
            'url': response.url,
            'headers': response.headers,
            'body': response.text
        },
    }
    logger.debug('HTTP roundtrip', extra=extra)

session = requests.Session()
session.hooks['response'].append(logRoundtrip)

其次，必须修改日志配置以使用logging.handlers.HTTPHandler（Chronologer理解）。

import logging.handlers

chrono = logging.handlers.HTTPHandler(
  'localhost:8080', '/api/v1/record', 'POST', credentials=('logger', ''))
handlers = [logging.StreamHandler(), chrono]
logging.basicConfig(level=logging.DEBUG, handlers=handlers)

最后，运行Chronologer实例。例如使用Docker：

docker run --rm -it -p 8080:8080 -v /tmp/db \
    -e CHRONOLOGER_STORAGE_DSN=sqlite:////tmp/db/chrono.sqlite \
    -e CHRONOLOGER_SECRET=example \
    -e CHRONOLOGER_ROLES="basic-reader query-reader writer" \
    saaj/chronologer \
    python -m chronologer -e production serve -u www-data -g www-data -m

并再次运行请求：

session.get('https://httpbin.org/user-agent')
session.get('https://httpbin.org/status/200')

流处理程序将产生：

DEBUG:urllib3.connectionpool:Starting new HTTPS connection (1): httpbin.org:443
DEBUG:urllib3.connectionpool:https://httpbin.org:443 "GET /user-agent HTTP/1.1" 200 45
DEBUG:httplogger:HTTP roundtrip
DEBUG:urllib3.connectionpool:https://httpbin.org:443 "GET /status/200 HTTP/1.1" 200 0
DEBUG:httplogger:HTTP roundtrip

现在，如果您打开http：// localhost：8080 /（使用“ logger”输入用户名，并使用空密码输入基本auth弹出窗口），然后单击“ Open”按钮，您应该会看到类似以下内容：