还可以使用Java反射API在运行时向Java类添加注释。本质上,必须重新创建在该类中定义的内部Annotation映射java.lang.Class
(或对于在内部类中定义的Java 8 java.lang.Class.AnnotationData
)。自然,这种方法很容易破解,对于较新的Java版本,该方法可能随时中断。但是对于快速而肮脏的测试/原型制作,这种方法有时会很有用。
Java 8概念示例的证明:
public final class RuntimeAnnotations {
private static final Constructor<?> AnnotationInvocationHandler_constructor;
private static final Constructor<?> AnnotationData_constructor;
private static final Method Class_annotationData;
private static final Field Class_classRedefinedCount;
private static final Field AnnotationData_annotations;
private static final Field AnnotationData_declaredAnotations;
private static final Method Atomic_casAnnotationData;
private static final Class<?> Atomic_class;
static{
try {
Class<?> AnnotationInvocationHandler_class = Class.forName("sun.reflect.annotation.AnnotationInvocationHandler");
AnnotationInvocationHandler_constructor = AnnotationInvocationHandler_class.getDeclaredConstructor(new Class[]{Class.class, Map.class});
AnnotationInvocationHandler_constructor.setAccessible(true);
Atomic_class = Class.forName("java.lang.Class$Atomic");
Class<?> AnnotationData_class = Class.forName("java.lang.Class$AnnotationData");
AnnotationData_constructor = AnnotationData_class.getDeclaredConstructor(new Class[]{Map.class, Map.class, int.class});
AnnotationData_constructor.setAccessible(true);
Class_annotationData = Class.class.getDeclaredMethod("annotationData");
Class_annotationData.setAccessible(true);
Class_classRedefinedCount= Class.class.getDeclaredField("classRedefinedCount");
Class_classRedefinedCount.setAccessible(true);
AnnotationData_annotations = AnnotationData_class.getDeclaredField("annotations");
AnnotationData_annotations.setAccessible(true);
AnnotationData_declaredAnotations = AnnotationData_class.getDeclaredField("declaredAnnotations");
AnnotationData_declaredAnotations.setAccessible(true);
Atomic_casAnnotationData = Atomic_class.getDeclaredMethod("casAnnotationData", Class.class, AnnotationData_class, AnnotationData_class);
Atomic_casAnnotationData.setAccessible(true);
} catch (ClassNotFoundException | NoSuchMethodException | SecurityException | NoSuchFieldException e) {
throw new IllegalStateException(e);
}
}
public static <T extends Annotation> void putAnnotation(Class<?> c, Class<T> annotationClass, Map<String, Object> valuesMap){
putAnnotation(c, annotationClass, annotationForMap(annotationClass, valuesMap));
}
public static <T extends Annotation> void putAnnotation(Class<?> c, Class<T> annotationClass, T annotation){
try {
while (true) {
int classRedefinedCount = Class_classRedefinedCount.getInt(c);
Object annotationData = Class_annotationData.invoke(c);
Object newAnnotationData = createAnnotationData(c, annotationData, annotationClass, annotation, classRedefinedCount);
if ((boolean) Atomic_casAnnotationData.invoke(Atomic_class, c, annotationData, newAnnotationData)) {
break;
}
}
} catch(IllegalArgumentException | IllegalAccessException | InvocationTargetException | InstantiationException e){
throw new IllegalStateException(e);
}
}
@SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
private static <T extends Annotation> Object createAnnotationData(Class<?> c, Object annotationData, Class<T> annotationClass, T annotation, int classRedefinedCount) throws InstantiationException, IllegalAccessException, IllegalArgumentException, InvocationTargetException {
Map<Class<? extends Annotation>, Annotation> annotations = (Map<Class<? extends Annotation>, Annotation>) AnnotationData_annotations.get(annotationData);
Map<Class<? extends Annotation>, Annotation> declaredAnnotations= (Map<Class<? extends Annotation>, Annotation>) AnnotationData_declaredAnotations.get(annotationData);
Map<Class<? extends Annotation>, Annotation> newDeclaredAnnotations = new LinkedHashMap<>(annotations);
newDeclaredAnnotations.put(annotationClass, annotation);
Map<Class<? extends Annotation>, Annotation> newAnnotations ;
if (declaredAnnotations == annotations) {
newAnnotations = newDeclaredAnnotations;
} else{
newAnnotations = new LinkedHashMap<>(annotations);
newAnnotations.put(annotationClass, annotation);
}
return AnnotationData_constructor.newInstance(newAnnotations, newDeclaredAnnotations, classRedefinedCount);
}
@SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
public static <T extends Annotation> T annotationForMap(final Class<T> annotationClass, final Map<String, Object> valuesMap){
return (T)AccessController.doPrivileged(new PrivilegedAction<Annotation>(){
public Annotation run(){
InvocationHandler handler;
try {
handler = (InvocationHandler) AnnotationInvocationHandler_constructor.newInstance(annotationClass,new HashMap<>(valuesMap));
} catch (InstantiationException | IllegalAccessException
| IllegalArgumentException | InvocationTargetException e) {
throw new IllegalStateException(e);
}
return (Annotation)Proxy.newProxyInstance(annotationClass.getClassLoader(), new Class[] { annotationClass }, handler);
}
});
}
}
用法示例:
@Retention(RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME)
@Target(ElementType.TYPE)
public @interface TestAnnotation {
String value();
}
public static class TestClass{}
public static void main(String[] args) {
TestAnnotation annotation = TestClass.class.getAnnotation(TestAnnotation.class);
System.out.println("TestClass annotation before:" + annotation);
Map<String, Object> valuesMap = new HashMap<>();
valuesMap.put("value", "some String");
RuntimeAnnotations.putAnnotation(TestClass.class, TestAnnotation.class, valuesMap);
annotation = TestClass.class.getAnnotation(TestAnnotation.class);
System.out.println("TestClass annotation after:" + annotation);
}
输出:
TestClass annotation before:null
TestClass annotation after:@RuntimeAnnotations$TestAnnotation(value=some String)
这种方法的局限性:
- 新版本的Java可能会随时破坏代码。
- 上面的示例仅适用于Java 8-要使其适用于较旧的Java版本,则需要在运行时检查Java版本并相应地更改实现。
- 如果重新定义了带注释的类(例如在调试过程中),则注释将丢失。
- 未经彻底测试;不确定是否有不良副作用-使用风险自负...