设想以下情形:项目A是一个共享库,它具有多个依赖项(LibA,LibB和LibC)。项目B是一个依赖于项目A的可执行文件,因此还需要所有项目A的依赖项才能进行构建。
此外,两个项目都是使用CMake构建的,并且不需要为通过项目B使用而安装项目A(通过“安装”目标),因为这可能会对开发人员造成麻烦。
使用CMake解决这些依赖性的最佳方法是什么?理想的解决方案将是尽可能简单(尽管没有更简单)并且需要最少的维护。
设想以下情形:项目A是一个共享库,它具有多个依赖项(LibA,LibB和LibC)。项目B是一个依赖于项目A的可执行文件,因此还需要所有项目A的依赖项才能进行构建。
此外,两个项目都是使用CMake构建的,并且不需要为通过项目B使用而安装项目A(通过“安装”目标),因为这可能会对开发人员造成麻烦。
使用CMake解决这些依赖性的最佳方法是什么?理想的解决方案将是尽可能简单(尽管没有更简单)并且需要最少的维护。
Answers:
简单。这是我脑海中的例子:
CMakeLists.txt
:cmake_minimum_required(VERSION 2.8.10)
# You can tweak some common (for all subprojects) stuff here. For example:
set(CMAKE_DISABLE_IN_SOURCE_BUILD ON)
set(CMAKE_DISABLE_SOURCE_CHANGES ON)
if ("${CMAKE_SOURCE_DIR}" STREQUAL "${CMAKE_BINARY_DIR}")
message(SEND_ERROR "In-source builds are not allowed.")
endif ()
set(CMAKE_VERBOSE_MAKEFILE ON)
set(CMAKE_COLOR_MAKEFILE ON)
# Remove 'lib' prefix for shared libraries on Windows
if (WIN32)
set(CMAKE_SHARED_LIBRARY_PREFIX "")
endif ()
# When done tweaking common stuff, configure the components (subprojects).
# NOTE: The order matters! The most independent ones should go first.
add_subdirectory(components/B) # B is a static library (depends on Boost)
add_subdirectory(components/C) # C is a shared library (depends on B and external XXX)
add_subdirectory(components/A) # A is a shared library (depends on C and B)
add_subdirectory(components/Executable) # Executable (depends on A and C)
CMakeLists.txt
在components/B
:cmake_minimum_required(VERSION 2.8.10)
project(B C CXX)
find_package(Boost
1.50.0
REQUIRED)
file(GLOB CPP_FILES source/*.cpp)
include_directories(${Boost_INCLUDE_DIRS})
add_library(${PROJECT_NAME} STATIC ${CPP_FILES})
# Required on Unix OS family to be able to be linked into shared libraries.
set_target_properties(${PROJECT_NAME}
PROPERTIES POSITION_INDEPENDENT_CODE ON)
target_link_libraries(${PROJECT_NAME})
# Expose B's public includes (including Boost transitively) to other
# subprojects through cache variable.
set(${PROJECT_NAME}_INCLUDE_DIRS ${PROJECT_SOURCE_DIR}/include
${Boost_INCLUDE_DIRS}
CACHE INTERNAL "${PROJECT_NAME}: Include Directories" FORCE)
CMakeLists.txt
在components/C
:cmake_minimum_required(VERSION 2.8.10)
project(C C CXX)
find_package(XXX REQUIRED)
file(GLOB CPP_FILES source/*.cpp)
add_definitions(${XXX_DEFINITIONS})
# NOTE: Boost's includes are transitively added through B_INCLUDE_DIRS.
include_directories(${B_INCLUDE_DIRS}
${XXX_INCLUDE_DIRS})
add_library(${PROJECT_NAME} SHARED ${CPP_FILES})
target_link_libraries(${PROJECT_NAME} B
${XXX_LIBRARIES})
# Expose C's definitions (in this case only the ones of XXX transitively)
# to other subprojects through cache variable.
set(${PROJECT_NAME}_DEFINITIONS ${XXX_DEFINITIONS}
CACHE INTERNAL "${PROJECT_NAME}: Definitions" FORCE)
# Expose C's public includes (including the ones of C's dependencies transitively)
# to other subprojects through cache variable.
set(${PROJECT_NAME}_INCLUDE_DIRS ${PROJECT_SOURCE_DIR}/include
${B_INCLUDE_DIRS}
${XXX_INCLUDE_DIRS}
CACHE INTERNAL "${PROJECT_NAME}: Include Directories" FORCE)
CMakeLists.txt
在components/A
:cmake_minimum_required(VERSION 2.8.10)
project(A C CXX)
file(GLOB CPP_FILES source/*.cpp)
# XXX's definitions are transitively added through C_DEFINITIONS.
add_definitions(${C_DEFINITIONS})
# NOTE: B's and Boost's includes are transitively added through C_INCLUDE_DIRS.
include_directories(${C_INCLUDE_DIRS})
add_library(${PROJECT_NAME} SHARED ${CPP_FILES})
# You could need `${XXX_LIBRARIES}` here too, in case if the dependency
# of A on C is not purely transitive in terms of XXX, but A explicitly requires
# some additional symbols from XXX. However, in this example, I assumed that
# this is not the case, therefore A is only linked against B and C.
target_link_libraries(${PROJECT_NAME} B
C)
# Expose A's definitions (in this case only the ones of C transitively)
# to other subprojects through cache variable.
set(${PROJECT_NAME}_DEFINITIONS ${C_DEFINITIONS}
CACHE INTERNAL "${PROJECT_NAME}: Definitions" FORCE)
# Expose A's public includes (including the ones of A's dependencies
# transitively) to other subprojects through cache variable.
set(${PROJECT_NAME}_INCLUDE_DIRS ${PROJECT_SOURCE_DIR}/include
${C_INCLUDE_DIRS}
CACHE INTERNAL "${PROJECT_NAME}: Include Directories" FORCE)
CMakeLists.txt
在components/Executable
:cmake_minimum_required(VERSION 2.8.10)
project(Executable C CXX)
file(GLOB CPP_FILES source/*.cpp)
add_definitions(${A_DEFINITIONS})
include_directories(${A_INCLUDE_DIRS})
add_executable(${PROJECT_NAME} ${CPP_FILES})
target_link_libraries(${PROJECT_NAME} A C)
为了清楚起见,这是相应的源树结构:
Root of the project
├───components
│ ├───Executable
│ │ ├───resource
│ │ │ └───icons
│ │ ├───source
| | └───CMakeLists.txt
│ ├───A
│ │ ├───include
│ │ │ └───A
│ │ ├───source
| | └───CMakeLists.txt
│ ├───B
│ │ ├───include
│ │ │ └───B
│ │ ├───source
| | └───CMakeLists.txt
│ └───C
│ ├───include
│ │ └───C
│ ├───source
| └───CMakeLists.txt
└───CMakeLists.txt
在很多方面都可以对其进行调整/定制或更改,以满足某些需求,但这至少应该可以帮助您入门。
注意:我已经在多个中型和大型项目中成功采用了这种结构。
set(...INCLUDE_DIRS
,一次为include_directories()
),但我很难维护(总是记得在两个地方添加一个新的include依赖项)。你可以和他们讨好get_property(...PROPERTY INCLUDE_DIRECTORIES)
。
亚历山大·舒卡耶夫(Alexander Shukaev)的事业有不错的开端,但仍有许多事情可以做得更好:
target_include_directories
。但是,如果使用导入的目标,甚至可能甚至不需要这样做。使用导入的目标。Boost的示例:
find_package(Boost 1.56 REQUIRED COMPONENTS
date_time filesystem iostreams)
add_executable(foo foo.cc)
target_link_libraries(foo
PRIVATE
Boost::date_time
Boost::filesystem
Boost::iostreams
)
这将处理include目录,库等。如果在B的标头中使用Boost,则使用PUBLIC而不是PRIVATE,并且这些依赖项将被可传递地添加到依赖于B的任何对象上。
不要使用文件搜索(除非您使用3.12)。直到最近,文件关联仅在配置期间起作用,因此,如果添加文件并进行构建,则在您明确地重新生成项目之前,它无法检测到更改。但是,如果直接列出文件并尝试进行构建,则它应该识别出配置已过时并在构建步骤中自动重新生成。
这里有个好话题(YouTube):C ++ Now 2017:Daniel Pfeifer“有效的CMake”
其中涵盖了允许您的根级CMake与find_package
OR一起使用的软件包管理器构想subdirectory
,但是,我一直在尝试采用这种构想,并且在使用find_package
所有东西以及拥有像您这样的目录结构时遇到了很大的问题。