带有透明孔的CALayer

我有一个简单的视图（图片的左侧），并且需要为此视图创建某种叠加层（图片的右侧）。此叠加层应具有一定的不透明度，因此在下面的视图中仍部分可见。最重要的是，此覆盖层的中间应有一个圆形孔，这样它就不会覆盖视图的中心（请参见下面的图片）。

我可以轻松地创建一个这样的圆：

int radius = 20; //whatever
CAShapeLayer *circle = [CAShapeLayer layer];

circle.path = [UIBezierPath bezierPathWithRoundedRect:CGRectMake(0, 0,radius,radius) cornerRadius:radius].CGPath;
circle.position = CGPointMake(CGRectGetMidX(view.frame)-radius,
                              CGRectGetMidY(view.frame)-radius);
circle.fillColor = [UIColor clearColor].CGColor;

还有一个“完整”的矩形叠加层，如下所示：

CAShapeLayer *shadow = [CAShapeLayer layer];
shadow.path = [UIBezierPath bezierPathWithRoundedRect:CGRectMake(0, 0, view.bounds.size.width, view.bounds.size.height) cornerRadius:0].CGPath;
shadow.position = CGPointMake(0, 0);
shadow.fillColor = [UIColor grayColor].CGColor;
shadow.lineWidth = 0;
shadow.opacity = 0.5;
[view.layer addSublayer:shadow];

但是我不知道如何将这两层结合起来，以便它们产生我想要的效果。任何人？我真的已经尝试了一切...非常感谢您的帮助！

我能够通过Jon Steinmetz的建议解决此问题。如果有人在乎，这是最终的解决方案：

int radius = myRect.size.width;
UIBezierPath *path = [UIBezierPath bezierPathWithRoundedRect:CGRectMake(0, 0, self.mapView.bounds.size.width, self.mapView.bounds.size.height) cornerRadius:0];
UIBezierPath *circlePath = [UIBezierPath bezierPathWithRoundedRect:CGRectMake(0, 0, 2.0*radius, 2.0*radius) cornerRadius:radius];
[path appendPath:circlePath];
[path setUsesEvenOddFillRule:YES];

CAShapeLayer *fillLayer = [CAShapeLayer layer];
fillLayer.path = path.CGPath;
fillLayer.fillRule = kCAFillRuleEvenOdd;
fillLayer.fillColor = [UIColor grayColor].CGColor;
fillLayer.opacity = 0.5;
[view.layer addSublayer:fillLayer];

Swift 3.x：

let radius = myRect.size.width
let path = UIBezierPath(roundedRect: CGRect(x: 0, y: 0, width: self.mapView.bounds.size.width, height: self.mapView.bounds.size.height), cornerRadius: 0)
let circlePath = UIBezierPath(roundedRect: CGRect(x: 0, y: 0, width: 2 * radius, height: 2 * radius), cornerRadius: radius)
path.append(circlePath)
path.usesEvenOddFillRule = true

let fillLayer = CAShapeLayer()
fillLayer.path = path.cgPath
fillLayer.fillRule = kCAFillRuleEvenOdd
fillLayer.fillColor = Color.background.cgColor
fillLayer.opacity = 0.5
view.layer.addSublayer(fillLayer)

Swift 4.2和5：

let radius: CGFloat = myRect.size.width
let path = UIBezierPath(roundedRect: CGRect(x: 0, y: 0, width: self.view.bounds.size.width, height: self.view.bounds.size.height), cornerRadius: 0)
let circlePath = UIBezierPath(roundedRect: CGRect(x: 0, y: 0, width: 2 * radius, height: 2 * radius), cornerRadius: radius)
path.append(circlePath)
path.usesEvenOddFillRule = true

let fillLayer = CAShapeLayer()
fillLayer.path = path.cgPath
fillLayer.fillRule = .evenOdd
fillLayer.fillColor = view.backgroundColor?.cgColor
fillLayer.opacity = 0.5
view.layer.addSublayer(fillLayer)

为了创建这种效果，我发现最简单的方法是创建覆盖屏幕的整个视图，然后使用图层和UIBezierPaths减去屏幕的一部分。对于Swift实现：

// Create a view filling the screen.
let overlay = UIView(frame: CGRectMake(0, 0, 
    UIScreen.mainScreen().bounds.width,
    UIScreen.mainScreen().bounds.height))

// Set a semi-transparent, black background.
overlay.backgroundColor = UIColor(red: 0, green: 0, blue: 0, alpha: 0.85)

// Create the initial layer from the view bounds.
let maskLayer = CAShapeLayer()
maskLayer.frame = overlay.bounds
maskLayer.fillColor = UIColor.blackColor().CGColor

// Create the frame for the circle.
let radius: CGFloat = 50.0
let rect = CGRectMake(
        CGRectGetMidX(overlay.frame) - radius,
        CGRectGetMidY(overlay.frame) - radius,
        2 * radius,
        2 * radius)

// Create the path.
let path = UIBezierPath(rect: overlay.bounds)
maskLayer.fillRule = kCAFillRuleEvenOdd

// Append the circle to the path so that it is subtracted.
path.appendPath(UIBezierPath(ovalInRect: rect))
maskLayer.path = path.CGPath

// Set the mask of the view.
overlay.layer.mask = maskLayer

// Add the view so it is visible.
self.view.addSubview(overlay)

我测试了上面的代码，结果如下：

我在CocoaPods中添加了一个库，该库抽象了许多上述代码，并允许您轻松创建带有矩形/圆形孔的叠加层，从而允许用户与叠加层后面的视图进行交互。我用它为我们的一个应用程序创建了本教程：

该库称为TAOverlayView，在Apache 2.0下是开源的。希望对你有帮助！

接受的解决方案与Swift 3.0兼容

let radius = myRect.size.width
let path = UIBezierPath(roundedRect: CGRect(x: 0.0, y: 0.0, width: self.mapView.bounds.size.width, height: self.mapView.bounds.size.height), cornerRadius: 0)
let circlePath = UIBezierPath(roundedRect: CGRect(x: 0.0, y: 0.0, width: 2.0*radius, height: 2.0*radius), cornerRadius: radius)
path.append(circlePath)
path.usesEvenOddFillRule = true

let fillLayer = CAShapeLayer()
fillLayer.path = path.cgPath
fillLayer.fillRule = kCAFillRuleEvenOdd
fillLayer.fillColor = UIColor.gray.cgColor
fillLayer.opacity = 0.5
view.layer.addSublayer(fillLayer)

我采用了与animal_chin类似的方法，但是我更具视觉感，因此我使用插座和自动布局在Interface Builder中进行了大多数设置。

这是我在Swift中的解决方案

    //shadowView is a UIView of what I want to be "solid"
    var outerPath = UIBezierPath(rect: shadowView.frame)

    //croppingView is a subview of shadowView that is laid out in interface builder using auto layout
    //croppingView is hidden.
    var circlePath = UIBezierPath(ovalInRect: croppingView.frame)
    outerPath.usesEvenOddFillRule = true
    outerPath.appendPath(circlePath)

    var maskLayer = CAShapeLayer()
    maskLayer.path = outerPath.CGPath
    maskLayer.fillRule = kCAFillRuleEvenOdd
    maskLayer.fillColor = UIColor.whiteColor().CGColor

    shadowView.layer.mask = maskLayer

兼容Code Swift 2.0

从@animal_inch答案开始，我编写了一个实用程序类代码，希望它会有所帮助：

import Foundation
import UIKit
import CoreGraphics

/// Apply a circle mask on a target view. You can customize radius, color and opacity of the mask.
class CircleMaskView {

    private var fillLayer = CAShapeLayer()
    var target: UIView?

    var fillColor: UIColor = UIColor.grayColor() {
        didSet {
            self.fillLayer.fillColor = self.fillColor.CGColor
        }
    }

    var radius: CGFloat? {
        didSet {
            self.draw()
        }
    }

    var opacity: Float = 0.5 {
        didSet {
           self.fillLayer.opacity = self.opacity
        }
    }

    /**
    Constructor

    - parameter drawIn: target view

    - returns: object instance
    */
    init(drawIn: UIView) {
        self.target = drawIn
    }

    /**
    Draw a circle mask on target view
    */
    func draw() {
        guard (let target = target) else {
            print("target is nil")
            return
        }

        var rad: CGFloat = 0
        let size = target.frame.size
        if let r = self.radius {
            rad = r
        } else {
            rad = min(size.height, size.width)
        }

        let path = UIBezierPath(roundedRect: CGRectMake(0, 0, size.width, size.height), cornerRadius: 0.0)
        let circlePath = UIBezierPath(roundedRect: CGRectMake(size.width / 2.0 - rad / 2.0, 0, rad, rad), cornerRadius: rad)
        path.appendPath(circlePath)
        path.usesEvenOddFillRule = true

        fillLayer.path = path.CGPath
        fillLayer.fillRule = kCAFillRuleEvenOdd
        fillLayer.fillColor = self.fillColor.CGColor
        fillLayer.opacity = self.opacity
        self.target.layer.addSublayer(fillLayer)
    }

    /**
    Remove circle mask
    */


  func remove() {
        self.fillLayer.removeFromSuperlayer()
    }

}

然后，无论您的代码在哪里：

let circle = CircleMaskView(drawIn: <target_view>)
circle.opacity = 0.7
circle.draw()