将curl POST与bash脚本函数中定义的变量一起使用

176

当我回声时，我得到了它，当我将其输入到终端时，它将运行

curl -i \
-H "Accept: application/json" \
-H "Content-Type:application/json" \
-X POST --data '{"account":{"email":"akdgdtk@test.com","screenName":"akdgdtk","type":"NIKE","passwordSettings":{"password":"Starwars1","passwordConfirm":"Starwars1"}},"firstName":"Test","lastName":"User","middleName":"ObiWan","locale":"en_US","registrationSiteId":"520","receiveEmail":"false","dateOfBirth":"1984-12-25","mobileNumber":"9175555555","gender":"male","fuelActivationDate":"2010-10-22","postalCode":"10022","country":"US","city":"Beverton","state":"OR","bio":"This is a test user","jpFirstNameKana":"unsure","jpLastNameKana":"ofthis","height":"80","weight":"175","distanceUnit":"MILES","weightUnit":"POUNDS","heightUnit":"FT/INCHES"}' https://xxx:xxxxx@xxxx-www.xxxxx.com/xxxxx/xxxx/xxxx

但是在bash脚本文件中运行时，出现此错误

curl: (6) Could not resolve host: application; nodename nor servname provided, or not known
curl: (6) Could not resolve host: is; nodename nor servname provided, or not known
curl: (6) Could not resolve host: a; nodename nor servname provided, or not known
curl: (6) Could not resolve host: test; nodename nor servname provided, or not known
curl: (3) [globbing] unmatched close brace/bracket at pos 158

这是文件中的代码

curl -i \
-H '"'Accept: application/json'"' \
-H '"'Content-Type:application/json'"' \
-X POST --data "'"'{"account":{"email":"'$email'","screenName":"'$screenName'","type":"'$theType'","passwordSettings":{"password":"'$password'","passwordConfirm":"'$password'"}},"firstName":"'$firstName'","lastName":"'$lastName'","middleName":"'$middleName'","locale":"'$locale'","registrationSiteId":"'$registrationSiteId'","receiveEmail":"'$receiveEmail'","dateOfBirth":"'$dob'","mobileNumber":"'$mobileNumber'","gender":"'$gender'","fuelActivationDate":"'$fuelActivationDate'","postalCode":"'$postalCode'","country":"'$country'","city":"'$city'","state":"'$state'","bio":"'$bio'","jpFirstNameKana":"'$jpFirstNameKana'","jpLastNameKana":"'$jpLastNameKana'","height":"'$height'","weight":"'$weight'","distanceUnit":"MILES","weightUnit":"POUNDS","heightUnit":"FT/INCHES"}'"'" "https://xxx:xxxxx@xxxx-www.xxxxx.com/xxxxx/xxxx/xxxx"

我认为引号存在问题，但是我经常使用它们，而且也遇到了类似的错误。在实际脚本中，所有变量都使用不同的功能定义

json  bash  curl  javascript-objects 
— 格里森
source

Answers:

274

您无需传递引号将自定义标头括起来即可卷曲。另外，data应在参数中间加上变量。

首先，编写一个函数来生成脚本的发布数据。这使您免于有关shell引用的种种麻烦，并且使读取维护脚本比在curl的调用行上输入post数据更容易，如您的尝试：

generate_post_data()
{
  cat <<EOF
{
  "account": {
    "email": "$email",
    "screenName": "$screenName",
    "type": "$theType",
    "passwordSettings": {
      "password": "$password",
      "passwordConfirm": "$password"
    }
  },
  "firstName": "$firstName",
  "lastName": "$lastName",
  "middleName": "$middleName",
  "locale": "$locale",
  "registrationSiteId": "$registrationSiteId",
  "receiveEmail": "$receiveEmail",
  "dateOfBirth": "$dob",
  "mobileNumber": "$mobileNumber",
  "gender": "$gender",
  "fuelActivationDate": "$fuelActivationDate",
  "postalCode": "$postalCode",
  "country": "$country",
  "city": "$city",
  "state": "$state",
  "bio": "$bio",
  "jpFirstNameKana": "$jpFirstNameKana",
  "jpLastNameKana": "$jpLastNameKana",
  "height": "$height",
  "weight": "$weight",
  "distanceUnit": "MILES",
  "weightUnit": "POUNDS",
  "heightUnit": "FT/INCHES"
}
EOF
}

然后很容易在curl的调用中使用该函数：

curl -i \
-H "Accept: application/json" \
-H "Content-Type:application/json" \
-X POST --data "$(generate_post_data)" "https://xxx:xxxxx@xxxx-www.xxxxx.com/xxxxx/xxxx/xxxx"

就是说，这里有一些关于shell引用规则的说明：

-H参数中的双引号（如所示-H "foo bar"）告诉bash将内部内容作为单个参数保留（即使它包含空格）。

--data参数中的单引号（如中的--data 'foo bar'）执行相同的操作，只是它们逐字传递所有文本（包括双引号字符和美元符号）。

要在单引号引起的文本中间插入变量，您必须结束单引号，然后将其与双引号变量连接，然后重新打开单引号以继续文本：'foo bar'"$variable"'more foo'。

— 阿索斯爵士
source
9
“'” $ <变量名称>“'”解决了我需要避免省略引号的问题。谢谢。
— 乌斯曼2015年
1
此解决方案有效，但我认为您可以在变量周围发出额外的双引号。因此，您可以执行以下操作：--data'{“ account”：{“ email”：“'”“ $ email”'“}}'，而不是：--data'{” account“：{” email“：” '$ email'“}}'
— twistedstream
3
当第二个EOF之后有空格时，该按钮不起作用EOF 。删除后，一切都很好。
— 克拉斯
2
@dbreaux这取决于您在哪里运行curl命令。如果命令在脚本中，则只需在同一脚本中它上方的任何位置定义函数。如果直接从命令行运行curl，则有几种选择，其中一种是在新文件中键入该函数，然后在命令行运行source my_new_file以在当前环境中定义该函数。之后，您可以按照指示运行curl命令。
— 阿索斯爵士
2
@slashdottir这是一个bash功能，称为Here Documents。您可以在此链接上详细了解它-特别是查看示例19-5。关于SO ，这里已经有一个完整的问题。
— 阿索斯爵士
103

使用https://httpbin.org/和内联bash脚本测试的解决方案
1.对于其中没有空格的变量，即1：在替换所需字符串之前和之后
简单添加'$variable

for i in {1..3}; do \
  curl -X POST -H "Content-Type: application/json" -d \
    '{"number":"'$i'"}' "https://httpbin.org/post"; \
done

2.对于带空格的输入：
用其他空格包装变量，"即"el a"：

declare -a arr=("el a" "el b" "el c"); for i in "${arr[@]}"; do \
  curl -X POST -H "Content-Type: application/json" -d \
    '{"elem":"'"$i"'"}' "https://httpbin.org/post"; \
done

哇作品:)

— 普兰斯基
source
1
当$i包含空格时不起作用。:(
— Vasyl Boroviak
你能举个例子吗？
— pbaranski
1
当然。i="a b"而不是for循环
— Vasyl Boroviak
5
我发现已接受的投票和第二投票的答案在中无效/bin/sh。但是，此答案确实有效。而且它比其他答案要简单得多。非常感谢！我已经使用一些更好的换行格式来编辑您的答案。否则，很难发现光彩。干杯伴侣
— Vasyl Boroviak '17
1
非常感谢@pbaranski，您节省了我很多时间
— sudhir tataraju 19-10-17
32

Curl可以发布文件中的二进制数据，因此，每当我需要发布带有curl的讨厌内容并且仍然想要访问当前shell中的var时，我就一直在使用进程替换并利用文件描述符。就像是：

curl "http://localhost:8080" \
-H "Accept: application/json" \
-H "Content-Type:application/json" \
--data @<(cat <<EOF
{
  "me": "$USER",
  "something": $(date +%s)
  }
EOF
)

这看起来像是--data @/dev/fd/<some number>像普通文件一样被处理了。无论如何，如果您想看到它在本地运行，nc -l 8080请先运行，然后在不同的外壳中执行上述命令。您将看到类似以下内容：

POST / HTTP/1.1
Host: localhost:8080
User-Agent: curl/7.43.0
Accept: application/json
Content-Type:application/json
Content-Length: 43

{  "me": "username",  "something": 1465057519  }

如您所见，您可以在heredoc中调用子shell和诸如此类的子对象以及引用var。开心的骇客希望这可以帮助你'"'"'""""'''""''。

— 车瑞斯·贝萨雷斯
source
2
另一个答案对我不起作用，因为我正试图在Zabbix的警报中调用它。这一个完美地解决了它，并且更加干净。
— 0rkan
但是，如果将代码放入bash函数中，该怎么办：myFunction（）{....}？
— Hanynowsky '16
1
值得一提的是，仅当脚本逐字复制时（即没有重新格式化EOF，花括号等），此配方才有效
— Vader B
9

迟了几年，但是如果您使用eval或反引号替换，这可能会对某人有所帮助：

postDataJson="{\"guid\":\"$guid\",\"auth_token\":\"$token\"}"

使用sed从响应的开头和结尾去除引号

$(curl --silent -H "Content-Type: application/json" https://${target_host}/runs/get-work -d ${postDataJson} | sed -e 's/^"//' -e 's/"$//')
— 字形
source
4
  • 阿索斯爵士的信息非常有效！

这是我必须在我的curl脚本中将它用于长沙发DB的方式。它确实帮了很多忙。谢谢！

bin/curl -X PUT "db_domain_name_:5984/_config/vhosts/$1.couchdb" -d '"/'"$1"'/"' --user "admin:*****"
— 拟南芥
source
4

经过这里答案的指导后，这实际上对我有用：

export BASH_VARIABLE="[1,2,3]"
curl http://localhost:8080/path -d "$(cat <<EOF
{
  "name": $BASH_VARIABLE,
  "something": [
    "value1",
    "value2",
    "value3"
  ]
}
EOF
)" -H 'Content-Type: application/json'
— g
source
2

现有的答案指出curl可以发布文件中的数据，并使用heredocs避免过多的引号转义，并将JSON明确地换行。但是，无需定义函数或捕获cat的输出，因为curl可以发布来自标准输入的数据。我发现此表格可读性强：

curl -X POST -H 'Content-Type:application/json' --data '$@-' ${API_URL} << EOF
{
  "account": {
    "email": "$email",
    "screenName": "$screenName",
    "type": "$theType",
    "passwordSettings": {
      "password": "$password",
      "passwordConfirm": "$password"
    }
  },
  "firstName": "$firstName",
  "lastName": "$lastName",
  "middleName": "$middleName",
  "locale": "$locale",
  "registrationSiteId": "$registrationSiteId",
  "receiveEmail": "$receiveEmail",
  "dateOfBirth": "$dob",
  "mobileNumber": "$mobileNumber",
  "gender": "$gender",
  "fuelActivationDate": "$fuelActivationDate",
  "postalCode": "$postalCode",
  "country": "$country",
  "city": "$city",
  "state": "$state",
  "bio": "$bio",
  "jpFirstNameKana": "$jpFirstNameKana",
  "jpLastNameKana": "$jpLastNameKana",
  "height": "$height",
  "weight": "$weight",
  "distanceUnit": "MILES",
  "weightUnit": "POUNDS",
  "heightUnit": "FT/INCHES"
}
EOF
— 阿伯德
source
By using our site, you acknowledge that you have read and understand our Cookie Policy and Privacy Policy.
Licensed under cc by-sa 3.0 with attribution required.