获取Python可以编码为的所有编码的列表

Question 1

我正在编写一个脚本，尝试在Python 2.6中尝试将字节编码为许多不同的编码。有什么方法可以获取可供迭代的可用编码列表？

我尝试执行此操作的原因是因为用户的某些文本编码不正确。有有趣的人物。我知道将它弄乱的Unicode字符。我希望能够给他们一个答案，例如“您的文本编辑器将该字符串解释为X编码，而不是Y编码”。我以为我会尝试使用一种编码对该字符进行编码，然后使用另一种编码再次对其进行解码，然后看看我们是否得到相同的字符序列。

即是这样的：

for encoding1, encoding2 in itertools.permutation(encodinglist(), 2):
  try:
    unicode_string = my_unicode_character.encode(encoding1).decode(encoding2)
  except:
    pass

Question 2

不幸的encodings.aliases.aliases.keys()是，这不是一个适当的答案。

aliases（正如一个人所期望的那样）包含几种情况，其中不同的键被映射到相同的值，例如1252并且windows_1252都被映射到cp1252。如果不aliases.keys()使用，可以节省时间set(aliases.values())。

但是存在一个更糟糕的问题：aliases不包含没有别名的编解码器（例如cp856，cp874，cp875，cp737和koi8_u）。

>>> from encodings.aliases import aliases
>>> def find(q):
...     return [(k,v) for k, v in aliases.items() if q in k or q in v]
...
>>> find('1252') # multiple aliases
[('1252', 'cp1252'), ('windows_1252', 'cp1252')]
>>> find('856') # no codepage 856 in aliases
[]
>>> find('koi8') # no koi8_u in aliases
[('cskoi8r', 'koi8_r')]
>>> 'x'.decode('cp856') # but cp856 is a valid codec
u'x'
>>> 'x'.decode('koi8_u') # but koi8_u is a valid codec
u'x'
>>>

另外值得一提的是，无论你获得的编解码器的完整列表，它可能是一个好主意，忽略/是不是编码解码字符集的编解码器，但做一些其他的改造如zlib，quopri和base64。

这使我们想到了为什么要“尝试将字节编码为许多不同的编码”的问题。如果我们知道，我们也许可以引导您走向正确的方向。

首先，这是模棱两可的。一种将字节DE编码成unicode，另一种EN编码unicode成字节。您想做什么？

您真正要实现的目标是：您是否要确定要使用哪个编解码器来解码某些传入字节，并计划尝试使用所有可能的编解码器？[注：latin1将解码任何内容]您是否正在尝试通过尝试使用所有可能的编解码器对其进行编码来确定某些unicode文本的语言？[注意：utf8将对任何内容进行编码]。

Question 3

这里的其他答案似乎表明，以编程方式构造此列表非常困难，并且充满陷阱。但是，这样做可能是不必要的，因为该文档包含Python支持的标准编码的完整列表，并且自Python 2.3起就已经完成。

您可以在以下位置找到这些列表（针对该语言的每个稳定版本）：

以下是每个文档版本的Python的列表。请注意，如果您想向后兼容而不是仅支持特定版本的Python，则可以从最新的Python版本复制列表，并在尝试使用程序之前检查运行程序的Python中是否存在每种编码。

Python 2.3（59种编码）

['ascii',
 'cp037',
 'cp424',
 'cp437',
 'cp500',
 'cp737',
 'cp775',
 'cp850',
 'cp852',
 'cp855',
 'cp856',
 'cp857',
 'cp860',
 'cp861',
 'cp862',
 'cp863',
 'cp864',
 'cp865',
 'cp869',
 'cp874',
 'cp875',
 'cp1006',
 'cp1026',
 'cp1140',
 'cp1250',
 'cp1251',
 'cp1252',
 'cp1253',
 'cp1254',
 'cp1255',
 'cp1256',
 'cp1257',
 'cp1258',
 'latin_1',
 'iso8859_2',
 'iso8859_3',
 'iso8859_4',
 'iso8859_5',
 'iso8859_6',
 'iso8859_7',
 'iso8859_8',
 'iso8859_9',
 'iso8859_10',
 'iso8859_13',
 'iso8859_14',
 'iso8859_15',
 'koi8_r',
 'koi8_u',
 'mac_cyrillic',
 'mac_greek',
 'mac_iceland',
 'mac_latin2',
 'mac_roman',
 'mac_turkish',
 'utf_16',
 'utf_16_be',
 'utf_16_le',
 'utf_7',
 'utf_8']

Python 2.4（85种编码）

['ascii',
 'big5',
 'big5hkscs',
 'cp037',
 'cp424',
 'cp437',
 'cp500',
 'cp737',
 'cp775',
 'cp850',
 'cp852',
 'cp855',
 'cp856',
 'cp857',
 'cp860',
 'cp861',
 'cp862',
 'cp863',
 'cp864',
 'cp865',
 'cp866',
 'cp869',
 'cp874',
 'cp875',
 'cp932',
 'cp949',
 'cp950',
 'cp1006',
 'cp1026',
 'cp1140',
 'cp1250',
 'cp1251',
 'cp1252',
 'cp1253',
 'cp1254',
 'cp1255',
 'cp1256',
 'cp1257',
 'cp1258',
 'euc_jp',
 'euc_jis_2004',
 'euc_jisx0213',
 'euc_kr',
 'gb2312',
 'gbk',
 'gb18030',
 'hz',
 'iso2022_jp',
 'iso2022_jp_1',
 'iso2022_jp_2',
 'iso2022_jp_2004',
 'iso2022_jp_3',
 'iso2022_jp_ext',
 'iso2022_kr',
 'latin_1',
 'iso8859_2',
 'iso8859_3',
 'iso8859_4',
 'iso8859_5',
 'iso8859_6',
 'iso8859_7',
 'iso8859_8',
 'iso8859_9',
 'iso8859_10',
 'iso8859_13',
 'iso8859_14',
 'iso8859_15',
 'johab',
 'koi8_r',
 'koi8_u',
 'mac_cyrillic',
 'mac_greek',
 'mac_iceland',
 'mac_latin2',
 'mac_roman',
 'mac_turkish',
 'ptcp154',
 'shift_jis',
 'shift_jis_2004',
 'shift_jisx0213',
 'utf_16',
 'utf_16_be',
 'utf_16_le',
 'utf_7',
 'utf_8']

Python 2.5（86种编码）

['ascii',
 'big5',
 'big5hkscs',
 'cp037',
 'cp424',
 'cp437',
 'cp500',
 'cp737',
 'cp775',
 'cp850',
 'cp852',
 'cp855',
 'cp856',
 'cp857',
 'cp860',
 'cp861',
 'cp862',
 'cp863',
 'cp864',
 'cp865',
 'cp866',
 'cp869',
 'cp874',
 'cp875',
 'cp932',
 'cp949',
 'cp950',
 'cp1006',
 'cp1026',
 'cp1140',
 'cp1250',
 'cp1251',
 'cp1252',
 'cp1253',
 'cp1254',
 'cp1255',
 'cp1256',
 'cp1257',
 'cp1258',
 'euc_jp',
 'euc_jis_2004',
 'euc_jisx0213',
 'euc_kr',
 'gb2312',
 'gbk',
 'gb18030',
 'hz',
 'iso2022_jp',
 'iso2022_jp_1',
 'iso2022_jp_2',
 'iso2022_jp_2004',
 'iso2022_jp_3',
 'iso2022_jp_ext',
 'iso2022_kr',
 'latin_1',
 'iso8859_2',
 'iso8859_3',
 'iso8859_4',
 'iso8859_5',
 'iso8859_6',
 'iso8859_7',
 'iso8859_8',
 'iso8859_9',
 'iso8859_10',
 'iso8859_13',
 'iso8859_14',
 'iso8859_15',
 'johab',
 'koi8_r',
 'koi8_u',
 'mac_cyrillic',
 'mac_greek',
 'mac_iceland',
 'mac_latin2',
 'mac_roman',
 'mac_turkish',
 'ptcp154',
 'shift_jis',
 'shift_jis_2004',
 'shift_jisx0213',
 'utf_16',
 'utf_16_be',
 'utf_16_le',
 'utf_7',
 'utf_8',
 'utf_8_sig']

Python 2.6（90种编码）

['ascii',
 'big5',
 'big5hkscs',
 'cp037',
 'cp424',
 'cp437',
 'cp500',
 'cp737',
 'cp775',
 'cp850',
 'cp852',
 'cp855',
 'cp856',
 'cp857',
 'cp860',
 'cp861',
 'cp862',
 'cp863',
 'cp864',
 'cp865',
 'cp866',
 'cp869',
 'cp874',
 'cp875',
 'cp932',
 'cp949',
 'cp950',
 'cp1006',
 'cp1026',
 'cp1140',
 'cp1250',
 'cp1251',
 'cp1252',
 'cp1253',
 'cp1254',
 'cp1255',
 'cp1256',
 'cp1257',
 'cp1258',
 'euc_jp',
 'euc_jis_2004',
 'euc_jisx0213',
 'euc_kr',
 'gb2312',
 'gbk',
 'gb18030',
 'hz',
 'iso2022_jp',
 'iso2022_jp_1',
 'iso2022_jp_2',
 'iso2022_jp_2004',
 'iso2022_jp_3',
 'iso2022_jp_ext',
 'iso2022_kr',
 'latin_1',
 'iso8859_2',
 'iso8859_3',
 'iso8859_4',
 'iso8859_5',
 'iso8859_6',
 'iso8859_7',
 'iso8859_8',
 'iso8859_9',
 'iso8859_10',
 'iso8859_13',
 'iso8859_14',
 'iso8859_15',
 'iso8859_16',
 'johab',
 'koi8_r',
 'koi8_u',
 'mac_cyrillic',
 'mac_greek',
 'mac_iceland',
 'mac_latin2',
 'mac_roman',
 'mac_turkish',
 'ptcp154',
 'shift_jis',
 'shift_jis_2004',
 'shift_jisx0213',
 'utf_32',
 'utf_32_be',
 'utf_32_le',
 'utf_16',
 'utf_16_be',
 'utf_16_le',
 'utf_7',
 'utf_8',
 'utf_8_sig']

Python 2.7（93种编码）

['ascii',
 'big5',
 'big5hkscs',
 'cp037',
 'cp424',
 'cp437',
 'cp500',
 'cp720',
 'cp737',
 'cp775',
 'cp850',
 'cp852',
 'cp855',
 'cp856',
 'cp857',
 'cp858',
 'cp860',
 'cp861',
 'cp862',
 'cp863',
 'cp864',
 'cp865',
 'cp866',
 'cp869',
 'cp874',
 'cp875',
 'cp932',
 'cp949',
 'cp950',
 'cp1006',
 'cp1026',
 'cp1140',
 'cp1250',
 'cp1251',
 'cp1252',
 'cp1253',
 'cp1254',
 'cp1255',
 'cp1256',
 'cp1257',
 'cp1258',
 'euc_jp',
 'euc_jis_2004',
 'euc_jisx0213',
 'euc_kr',
 'gb2312',
 'gbk',
 'gb18030',
 'hz',
 'iso2022_jp',
 'iso2022_jp_1',
 'iso2022_jp_2',
 'iso2022_jp_2004',
 'iso2022_jp_3',
 'iso2022_jp_ext',
 'iso2022_kr',
 'latin_1',
 'iso8859_2',
 'iso8859_3',
 'iso8859_4',
 'iso8859_5',
 'iso8859_6',
 'iso8859_7',
 'iso8859_8',
 'iso8859_9',
 'iso8859_10',
 'iso8859_11',
 'iso8859_13',
 'iso8859_14',
 'iso8859_15',
 'iso8859_16',
 'johab',
 'koi8_r',
 'koi8_u',
 'mac_cyrillic',
 'mac_greek',
 'mac_iceland',
 'mac_latin2',
 'mac_roman',
 'mac_turkish',
 'ptcp154',
 'shift_jis',
 'shift_jis_2004',
 'shift_jisx0213',
 'utf_32',
 'utf_32_be',
 'utf_32_le',
 'utf_16',
 'utf_16_be',
 'utf_16_le',
 'utf_7',
 'utf_8',
 'utf_8_sig']

Python 3.0（89种编码）

['ascii',
 'big5',
 'big5hkscs',
 'cp037',
 'cp424',
 'cp437',
 'cp500',
 'cp737',
 'cp775',
 'cp850',
 'cp852',
 'cp855',
 'cp856',
 'cp857',
 'cp860',
 'cp861',
 'cp862',
 'cp863',
 'cp864',
 'cp865',
 'cp866',
 'cp869',
 'cp874',
 'cp875',
 'cp932',
 'cp949',
 'cp950',
 'cp1006',
 'cp1026',
 'cp1140',
 'cp1250',
 'cp1251',
 'cp1252',
 'cp1253',
 'cp1254',
 'cp1255',
 'cp1256',
 'cp1257',
 'cp1258',
 'euc_jp',
 'euc_jis_2004',
 'euc_jisx0213',
 'euc_kr',
 'gb2312',
 'gbk',
 'gb18030',
 'hz',
 'iso2022_jp',
 'iso2022_jp_1',
 'iso2022_jp_2',
 'iso2022_jp_2004',
 'iso2022_jp_3',
 'iso2022_jp_ext',
 'iso2022_kr',
 'latin_1',
 'iso8859_2',
 'iso8859_3',
 'iso8859_4',
 'iso8859_5',
 'iso8859_6',
 'iso8859_7',
 'iso8859_8',
 'iso8859_9',
 'iso8859_10',
 'iso8859_13',
 'iso8859_14',
 'iso8859_15',
 'johab',
 'koi8_r',
 'koi8_u',
 'mac_cyrillic',
 'mac_greek',
 'mac_iceland',
 'mac_latin2',
 'mac_roman',
 'mac_turkish',
 'ptcp154',
 'shift_jis',
 'shift_jis_2004',
 'shift_jisx0213',
 'utf_32',
 'utf_32_be',
 'utf_32_le',
 'utf_16',
 'utf_16_be',
 'utf_16_le',
 'utf_7',
 'utf_8',
 'utf_8_sig']

Python 3.1（90种编码）

['ascii',
 'big5',
 'big5hkscs',
 'cp037',
 'cp424',
 'cp437',
 'cp500',
 'cp737',
 'cp775',
 'cp850',
 'cp852',
 'cp855',
 'cp856',
 'cp857',
 'cp860',
 'cp861',
 'cp862',
 'cp863',
 'cp864',
 'cp865',
 'cp866',
 'cp869',
 'cp874',
 'cp875',
 'cp932',
 'cp949',
 'cp950',
 'cp1006',
 'cp1026',
 'cp1140',
 'cp1250',
 'cp1251',
 'cp1252',
 'cp1253',
 'cp1254',
 'cp1255',
 'cp1256',
 'cp1257',
 'cp1258',
 'euc_jp',
 'euc_jis_2004',
 'euc_jisx0213',
 'euc_kr',
 'gb2312',
 'gbk',
 'gb18030',
 'hz',
 'iso2022_jp',
 'iso2022_jp_1',
 'iso2022_jp_2',
 'iso2022_jp_2004',
 'iso2022_jp_3',
 'iso2022_jp_ext',
 'iso2022_kr',
 'latin_1',
 'iso8859_2',
 'iso8859_3',
 'iso8859_4',
 'iso8859_5',
 'iso8859_6',
 'iso8859_7',
 'iso8859_8',
 'iso8859_9',
 'iso8859_10',
 'iso8859_13',
 'iso8859_14',
 'iso8859_15',
 'iso8859_16',
 'johab',
 'koi8_r',
 'koi8_u',
 'mac_cyrillic',
 'mac_greek',
 'mac_iceland',
 'mac_latin2',
 'mac_roman',
 'mac_turkish',
 'ptcp154',
 'shift_jis',
 'shift_jis_2004',
 'shift_jisx0213',
 'utf_32',
 'utf_32_be',
 'utf_32_le',
 'utf_16',
 'utf_16_be',
 'utf_16_le',
 'utf_7',
 'utf_8',
 'utf_8_sig']

Python 3.2（92种编码）

['ascii',
 'big5',
 'big5hkscs',
 'cp037',
 'cp424',
 'cp437',
 'cp500',
 'cp720',
 'cp737',
 'cp775',
 'cp850',
 'cp852',
 'cp855',
 'cp856',
 'cp857',
 'cp858',
 'cp860',
 'cp861',
 'cp862',
 'cp863',
 'cp864',
 'cp865',
 'cp866',
 'cp869',
 'cp874',
 'cp875',
 'cp932',
 'cp949',
 'cp950',
 'cp1006',
 'cp1026',
 'cp1140',
 'cp1250',
 'cp1251',
 'cp1252',
 'cp1253',
 'cp1254',
 'cp1255',
 'cp1256',
 'cp1257',
 'cp1258',
 'euc_jp',
 'euc_jis_2004',
 'euc_jisx0213',
 'euc_kr',
 'gb2312',
 'gbk',
 'gb18030',
 'hz',
 'iso2022_jp',
 'iso2022_jp_1',
 'iso2022_jp_2',
 'iso2022_jp_2004',
 'iso2022_jp_3',
 'iso2022_jp_ext',
 'iso2022_kr',
 'latin_1',
 'iso8859_2',
 'iso8859_3',
 'iso8859_4',
 'iso8859_5',
 'iso8859_6',
 'iso8859_7',
 'iso8859_8',
 'iso8859_9',
 'iso8859_10',
 'iso8859_13',
 'iso8859_14',
 'iso8859_15',
 'iso8859_16',
 'johab',
 'koi8_r',
 'koi8_u',
 'mac_cyrillic',
 'mac_greek',
 'mac_iceland',
 'mac_latin2',
 'mac_roman',
 'mac_turkish',
 'ptcp154',
 'shift_jis',
 'shift_jis_2004',
 'shift_jisx0213',
 'utf_32',
 'utf_32_be',
 'utf_32_le',
 'utf_16',
 'utf_16_be',
 'utf_16_le',
 'utf_7',
 'utf_8',
 'utf_8_sig']

Python 3.3（93种编码）

['ascii',
 'big5',
 'big5hkscs',
 'cp037',
 'cp424',
 'cp437',
 'cp500',
 'cp720',
 'cp737',
 'cp775',
 'cp850',
 'cp852',
 'cp855',
 'cp856',
 'cp857',
 'cp858',
 'cp860',
 'cp861',
 'cp862',
 'cp863',
 'cp864',
 'cp865',
 'cp866',
 'cp869',
 'cp874',
 'cp875',
 'cp932',
 'cp949',
 'cp950',
 'cp1006',
 'cp1026',
 'cp1140',
 'cp1250',
 'cp1251',
 'cp1252',
 'cp1253',
 'cp1254',
 'cp1255',
 'cp1256',
 'cp1257',
 'cp1258',
 'cp65001',
 'euc_jp',
 'euc_jis_2004',
 'euc_jisx0213',
 'euc_kr',
 'gb2312',
 'gbk',
 'gb18030',
 'hz',
 'iso2022_jp',
 'iso2022_jp_1',
 'iso2022_jp_2',
 'iso2022_jp_2004',
 'iso2022_jp_3',
 'iso2022_jp_ext',
 'iso2022_kr',
 'latin_1',
 'iso8859_2',
 'iso8859_3',
 'iso8859_4',
 'iso8859_5',
 'iso8859_6',
 'iso8859_7',
 'iso8859_8',
 'iso8859_9',
 'iso8859_10',
 'iso8859_13',
 'iso8859_14',
 'iso8859_15',
 'iso8859_16',
 'johab',
 'koi8_r',
 'koi8_u',
 'mac_cyrillic',
 'mac_greek',
 'mac_iceland',
 'mac_latin2',
 'mac_roman',
 'mac_turkish',
 'ptcp154',
 'shift_jis',
 'shift_jis_2004',
 'shift_jisx0213',
 'utf_32',
 'utf_32_be',
 'utf_32_le',
 'utf_16',
 'utf_16_be',
 'utf_16_le',
 'utf_7',
 'utf_8',
 'utf_8_sig']

Python 3.4（96种编码）

['ascii',
 'big5',
 'big5hkscs',
 'cp037',
 'cp273',
 'cp424',
 'cp437',
 'cp500',
 'cp720',
 'cp737',
 'cp775',
 'cp850',
 'cp852',
 'cp855',
 'cp856',
 'cp857',
 'cp858',
 'cp860',
 'cp861',
 'cp862',
 'cp863',
 'cp864',
 'cp865',
 'cp866',
 'cp869',
 'cp874',
 'cp875',
 'cp932',
 'cp949',
 'cp950',
 'cp1006',
 'cp1026',
 'cp1125',
 'cp1140',
 'cp1250',
 'cp1251',
 'cp1252',
 'cp1253',
 'cp1254',
 'cp1255',
 'cp1256',
 'cp1257',
 'cp1258',
 'cp65001',
 'euc_jp',
 'euc_jis_2004',
 'euc_jisx0213',
 'euc_kr',
 'gb2312',
 'gbk',
 'gb18030',
 'hz',
 'iso2022_jp',
 'iso2022_jp_1',
 'iso2022_jp_2',
 'iso2022_jp_2004',
 'iso2022_jp_3',
 'iso2022_jp_ext',
 'iso2022_kr',
 'latin_1',
 'iso8859_2',
 'iso8859_3',
 'iso8859_4',
 'iso8859_5',
 'iso8859_6',
 'iso8859_7',
 'iso8859_8',
 'iso8859_9',
 'iso8859_10',
 'iso8859_11',
 'iso8859_13',
 'iso8859_14',
 'iso8859_15',
 'iso8859_16',
 'johab',
 'koi8_r',
 'koi8_u',
 'mac_cyrillic',
 'mac_greek',
 'mac_iceland',
 'mac_latin2',
 'mac_roman',
 'mac_turkish',
 'ptcp154',
 'shift_jis',
 'shift_jis_2004',
 'shift_jisx0213',
 'utf_32',
 'utf_32_be',
 'utf_32_le',
 'utf_16',
 'utf_16_be',
 'utf_16_le',
 'utf_7',
 'utf_8',
 'utf_8_sig']

Python 3.5（98种编码）

['ascii',
 'big5',
 'big5hkscs',
 'cp037',
 'cp273',
 'cp424',
 'cp437',
 'cp500',
 'cp720',
 'cp737',
 'cp775',
 'cp850',
 'cp852',
 'cp855',
 'cp856',
 'cp857',
 'cp858',
 'cp860',
 'cp861',
 'cp862',
 'cp863',
 'cp864',
 'cp865',
 'cp866',
 'cp869',
 'cp874',
 'cp875',
 'cp932',
 'cp949',
 'cp950',
 'cp1006',
 'cp1026',
 'cp1125',
 'cp1140',
 'cp1250',
 'cp1251',
 'cp1252',
 'cp1253',
 'cp1254',
 'cp1255',
 'cp1256',
 'cp1257',
 'cp1258',
 'cp65001',
 'euc_jp',
 'euc_jis_2004',
 'euc_jisx0213',
 'euc_kr',
 'gb2312',
 'gbk',
 'gb18030',
 'hz',
 'iso2022_jp',
 'iso2022_jp_1',
 'iso2022_jp_2',
 'iso2022_jp_2004',
 'iso2022_jp_3',
 'iso2022_jp_ext',
 'iso2022_kr',
 'latin_1',
 'iso8859_2',
 'iso8859_3',
 'iso8859_4',
 'iso8859_5',
 'iso8859_6',
 'iso8859_7',
 'iso8859_8',
 'iso8859_9',
 'iso8859_10',
 'iso8859_11',
 'iso8859_13',
 'iso8859_14',
 'iso8859_15',
 'iso8859_16',
 'johab',
 'koi8_r',
 'koi8_t',
 'koi8_u',
 'kz1048',
 'mac_cyrillic',
 'mac_greek',
 'mac_iceland',
 'mac_latin2',
 'mac_roman',
 'mac_turkish',
 'ptcp154',
 'shift_jis',
 'shift_jis_2004',
 'shift_jisx0213',
 'utf_32',
 'utf_32_be',
 'utf_32_le',
 'utf_16',
 'utf_16_be',
 'utf_16_le',
 'utf_7',
 'utf_8',
 'utf_8_sig']

Python 3.6（98种编码）

['ascii',
 'big5',
 'big5hkscs',
 'cp037',
 'cp273',
 'cp424',
 'cp437',
 'cp500',
 'cp720',
 'cp737',
 'cp775',
 'cp850',
 'cp852',
 'cp855',
 'cp856',
 'cp857',
 'cp858',
 'cp860',
 'cp861',
 'cp862',
 'cp863',
 'cp864',
 'cp865',
 'cp866',
 'cp869',
 'cp874',
 'cp875',
 'cp932',
 'cp949',
 'cp950',
 'cp1006',
 'cp1026',
 'cp1125',
 'cp1140',
 'cp1250',
 'cp1251',
 'cp1252',
 'cp1253',
 'cp1254',
 'cp1255',
 'cp1256',
 'cp1257',
 'cp1258',
 'cp65001',
 'euc_jp',
 'euc_jis_2004',
 'euc_jisx0213',
 'euc_kr',
 'gb2312',
 'gbk',
 'gb18030',
 'hz',
 'iso2022_jp',
 'iso2022_jp_1',
 'iso2022_jp_2',
 'iso2022_jp_2004',
 'iso2022_jp_3',
 'iso2022_jp_ext',
 'iso2022_kr',
 'latin_1',
 'iso8859_2',
 'iso8859_3',
 'iso8859_4',
 'iso8859_5',
 'iso8859_6',
 'iso8859_7',
 'iso8859_8',
 'iso8859_9',
 'iso8859_10',
 'iso8859_11',
 'iso8859_13',
 'iso8859_14',
 'iso8859_15',
 'iso8859_16',
 'johab',
 'koi8_r',
 'koi8_t',
 'koi8_u',
 'kz1048',
 'mac_cyrillic',
 'mac_greek',
 'mac_iceland',
 'mac_latin2',
 'mac_roman',
 'mac_turkish',
 'ptcp154',
 'shift_jis',
 'shift_jis_2004',
 'shift_jisx0213',
 'utf_32',
 'utf_32_be',
 'utf_32_le',
 'utf_16',
 'utf_16_be',
 'utf_16_le',
 'utf_7',
 'utf_8',
 'utf_8_sig']

Python 3.7（98种编码）

['ascii',
 'big5',
 'big5hkscs',
 'cp037',
 'cp273',
 'cp424',
 'cp437',
 'cp500',
 'cp720',
 'cp737',
 'cp775',
 'cp850',
 'cp852',
 'cp855',
 'cp856',
 'cp857',
 'cp858',
 'cp860',
 'cp861',
 'cp862',
 'cp863',
 'cp864',
 'cp865',
 'cp866',
 'cp869',
 'cp874',
 'cp875',
 'cp932',
 'cp949',
 'cp950',
 'cp1006',
 'cp1026',
 'cp1125',
 'cp1140',
 'cp1250',
 'cp1251',
 'cp1252',
 'cp1253',
 'cp1254',
 'cp1255',
 'cp1256',
 'cp1257',
 'cp1258',
 'cp65001',
 'euc_jp',
 'euc_jis_2004',
 'euc_jisx0213',
 'euc_kr',
 'gb2312',
 'gbk',
 'gb18030',
 'hz',
 'iso2022_jp',
 'iso2022_jp_1',
 'iso2022_jp_2',
 'iso2022_jp_2004',
 'iso2022_jp_3',
 'iso2022_jp_ext',
 'iso2022_kr',
 'latin_1',
 'iso8859_2',
 'iso8859_3',
 'iso8859_4',
 'iso8859_5',
 'iso8859_6',
 'iso8859_7',
 'iso8859_8',
 'iso8859_9',
 'iso8859_10',
 'iso8859_11',
 'iso8859_13',
 'iso8859_14',
 'iso8859_15',
 'iso8859_16',
 'johab',
 'koi8_r',
 'koi8_t',
 'koi8_u',
 'kz1048',
 'mac_cyrillic',
 'mac_greek',
 'mac_iceland',
 'mac_latin2',
 'mac_roman',
 'mac_turkish',
 'ptcp154',
 'shift_jis',
 'shift_jis_2004',
 'shift_jisx0213',
 'utf_32',
 'utf_32_be',
 'utf_32_le',
 'utf_16',
 'utf_16_be',
 'utf_16_le',
 'utf_7',
 'utf_8',
 'utf_8_sig']

如果它们与任何人的用例相关，请注意，文档还列出了一些特定于Python的编码，其中许多似乎主要供Python内部使用，或者在某种程度上有些怪异，例如'undefined'总是抛出异常，如果您尝试使用它。如果您想弄清楚现实世界中遇到的某些文本使用了哪种编码，您可能想完全忽略这些问题。从Python 3.7开始，列表如下：

["idna",
 "mbcs",
 "oem",
 "palmos",
 "punycode",
 "raw_unicode_escape",
 "rot_13",
 "undefined",
 "unicode_escape",
 "unicode_internal",
 "base64_codec",
 "bz2_codec",
 "hex_codec",
 "quopri_codec",
 "uu_codec",
 "zlib_codec"]

一些较旧的Python版本有一个 string_escape特殊的编码，由于它已从语言中删除，因此我没有包含在上面的列表中。

最后，如果您想更新我的表以使用更新版本的Python，下面是我用来生成它们的（粗略但不太可靠）脚本：

import requests
import lxml.html
import pprint

for version, url in [
    ('2.3', 'https://docs.python.org/2.3/lib/node130.html'),
    ('2.4', 'https://docs.python.org/2.4/lib/standard-encodings.html'),
    ('2.5', 'https://docs.python.org/2.5/lib/standard-encodings.html'),
    ('2.6', 'https://docs.python.org/2.6/library/codecs.html#standard-encodings'),
    ('2.7', 'https://docs.python.org/2.7/library/codecs.html#standard-encodings'),
    ('3.0', 'https://docs.python.org/3.0/library/codecs.html#standard-encodings'),
    ('3.1', 'https://docs.python.org/3.1/library/codecs.html#standard-encodings'),
    ('3.2', 'https://docs.python.org/3.2/library/codecs.html#standard-encodings'),
    ('3.3', 'https://docs.python.org/3.3/library/codecs.html#standard-encodings'),
    ('3.4', 'https://docs.python.org/3.4/library/codecs.html#standard-encodings'),
    ('3.5', 'https://docs.python.org/3.5/library/codecs.html#standard-encodings'),
    ('3.6', 'https://docs.python.org/3.6/library/codecs.html#standard-encodings'),
    ('3.7', 'https://docs.python.org/3.7/library/codecs.html#standard-encodings'),
]:
    html = requests.get(url).text
    doc = lxml.html.fromstring(html)
    standard_encodings_table = doc.xpath(
        '//table[preceding::h2[.//text()[contains(., "Standard Encodings")]]][//th/text()="Codec"]'
    )[0]
    codecs = standard_encodings_table.xpath('.//td[1]/text()')
    print("## Python %s (%i encodings)" % (version, len(codecs)))
    print('<pre><code>' + pprint.pformat(codecs) + '</code></pre>')

Question 4

也许您应该尝试使用通用编码检测器（chardet）库而不是自己实现它。

>>> import chardet
>>> s = '\xe2\x98\x83' # ☃
>>> chardet.detect(s)
{'confidence': 0.505, 'encoding': 'utf-8'}

Question 5

您可以使用一种技术来列出encodings软件包中的所有模块。

import pkgutil
import encodings

false_positives = set(["aliases"])

found = set(name for imp, name, ispkg in pkgutil.iter_modules(encodings.__path__) if not ispkg)
found.difference_update(false_positives)
print found

Question 6

我怀疑编解码器模块中是否有这样的方法/功能，但是如果您看到encoding/__init__.py，则搜索功能将通过编码模块文件夹进行搜索，因此您可以执行相同的操作，例如

>>> os.listdir(os.path.dirname(encodings.__file__))
['cp500.pyc', 'utf_16_le.py', 'gb18030.py', 'mbcs.pyc', 'undefined.pyc', 'idna.pyc', 'punycode.pyc', 'cp850.py', 'big5hkscs.pyc', 'mac_arabic.py', '__init__.pyc', 'string_escape.py', 'hz.py', 'cp037.py', 'cp737.py', 'iso8859_5.pyc', 'iso8859_13.pyc', 'cp861.pyc', 'cp862.py', 'iso8859_9.pyc', 'cp949.py', 'base64_codec.pyc', 'koi8_r.py', 'iso8859_2.py', 'ptcp154.pyc', 'uu_codec.pyc', 'mac_croatian.pyc', 'charmap.pyc', 'iso8859_15.pyc', 'euc_jp.py', 'cp1250.py', 'iso8859_10.pyc', 'koi8_r.pyc', 'unicode_escape.pyc', 'cp863.pyc', 'iso8859_4.pyc', 'cp852.py', 'unicode_internal.py', 'big5hkscs.py', 'cp1257.pyc', 'cp1254.py', 'shift_jisx0213.py', 'shift_jis.pyc', 'cp869.pyc', 'hp_roman8.py', 'iso8859_4.py', 'cp775.py', 'cp1251.py', 'mac_cyrillic.pyc', 'mac_greek.pyc', 'mac_roman.pyc', 'iso8859_11.pyc', 'iso8859_6.py', 'utf_8_sig.py', 'iso8859_3.py', 'iso2022_jp_1.py', 'ascii.py', 'cp1026.pyc', 'cp1250.pyc', 'cp950.py', 'raw_unicode_escape.py', 'euc_jis_2004.pyc', 'cp775.pyc', 'euc_kr.py', 'mac
_greek.py', 'big5.pyc', 'shift_jis_2004.pyc', 'gbk.pyc', 'cp1254.pyc', 'cp1255.pyc', 'cp855.pyc', 'string_escape.pyc', 'cp949.pyc', 'cp1258.pyc', 'iso8859_3.pyc', 'mac_iceland.pyc', 'cp1251.pyc', 'cp860.py', 'cp856.py', 'cp874.py', 'iso2022_kr.py', 'cp856.pyc', 'rot_13.py', 'palmos.py', 'iso2022_jp_2.pyc', 'mac_farsi.py', 'koi8_u.pyc', 'cp1256.py', 'iso8859_10.py', 'tis_620.py', 'iso8859_14.pyc', 'cp1253.py', 'cp1258.py', 'cp437.py', 'cp862.pyc', 'mac_turkish.py', 'undefined.py', 'euc_kr.pyc', 'gb18030.pyc', 'aliases.pyc', 'iso8859_9.py', 'uu_codec.py', 'gbk.py', 'quopri_codec.pyc', 'iso8859_7.py', 'mac_iceland.py', 'iso8859_2.pyc', 'euc_jis_2004.py', 'iso2022_jp_3.pyc', 'cp874.pyc', '__init__.py', 'mac_roman.py', 'iso8859_16.py', 'cp866.py', 'unicode_internal.pyc', 'mac_turkish.pyc', 'johab.pyc', 'cp037.pyc', 'punycode.py', 'cp1253.pyc', 'euc_jisx0213.pyc', 'iso2022_jp_2004.pyc', 'iso2022_kr.pyc', 'zlib_codec.pyc', 'cp932.py', 'cp1255.py', 'iso2022_jp_1.pyc', 'cp857.pyc', 'cp424.pyc',
 'iso2022_jp_2.py', 'iso2022_jp.pyc', 'mbcs.py', 'utf_8.py', 'palmos.pyc', 'cp1252.pyc', 'aliases.py', 'quopri_codec.py', 'latin_1.pyc', 'iso2022_jp.py', 'zlib_codec.py', 'cp1026.py', 'cp860.pyc', 'cp1252.py', 'hex_codec.pyc', 'iso8859_1.pyc', 'cp850.pyc', 'cp861.py', 'iso8859_15.py', 'cp865.pyc', 'hp_roman8.pyc', 'iso8859_7.pyc', 'mac_latin2.py', 'iso8859_11.py', 'mac_centeuro.pyc', 'iso8859_6.pyc', 'ascii.pyc', 'mac_centeuro.py', 'iso2022_jp_3.py', 'bz2_codec.py', 'mac_arabic.pyc', 'euc_jisx0213.py', 'tis_620.pyc', 'shift_jis_2004.py', 'utf_8.pyc', 'cp855.py', 'mac_romanian.pyc', 'iso8859_8.py', 'cp869.py', 'ptcp154.py', 'utf_16_be.py', 'iso2022_jp_ext.pyc', 'bz2_codec.pyc', 'base64_codec.py', 'latin_1.py', 'charmap.py', 'hz.pyc', 'cp950.pyc', 'cp875.pyc', 'cp1006.pyc', 'utf_16.py', 'shift_jisx0213.pyc', 'cp424.py', 'cp932.pyc', 'iso8859_5.py', 'mac_romanian.py', 'utf_8_sig.pyc', 'iso8859_1.py', 'cp875.py', 'cp437.pyc', 'cp865.py', 'utf_7.py', 'utf_16_be.pyc', 'rot_13.pyc', 'euc_jp.p
yc', 'raw_unicode_escape.pyc', 'iso8859_8.pyc', 'utf_16.pyc', 'iso8859_14.py', 'iso8859_16.pyc', 'cp852.pyc', 'cp737.pyc', 'mac_croatian.py', 'mac_latin2.pyc', 'iso2022_jp_ext.py', 'cp1140.py', 'mac_cyrillic.py', 'cp1257.py', 'cp500.py', 'cp1140.pyc', 'shift_jis.py', 'unicode_escape.py', 'cp864.py', 'cp864.pyc', 'cp857.py', 'hex_codec.py', 'mac_farsi.pyc', 'idna.py', 'johab.py', 'utf_7.pyc', 'cp863.py', 'iso8859_13.py', 'koi8_u.py', 'gb2312.pyc', 'cp1256.pyc', 'cp866.pyc', 'iso2022_jp_2004.py', 'utf_16_le.pyc', 'gb2312.py', 'cp1006.py', 'big5.py']

但由于任何人都可以注册编解码器，因此清单并不详尽。

Question 7

Python源代码具有一个脚本，Tools/unicode/listcodecs.py其中列出了所有编解码器。

在列出的编解码器，但是，也有一些不Unicode到字节转换器一样base64_codec，quopri_codec和bz2_codec，作为@约翰梅钦指出。

Question 8

这是列出所有stdlib编码包中定义的编码的编程方式，请注意，这不会列出用户定义的编码。这结合了其他答案中的一些技巧，但实际上使用编解码器的规范名称生成了工作清单。

import encodings
import pkgutil
import pprint


all_encodings = set()

for _, modname, _ in pkgutil.iter_modules(
        encodings.__path__, encodings.__name__ + '.',
):
    try:
        mod = __import__(modname, fromlist=[str('__trash')])
    except (ImportError, LookupError):
        # A few encodings are platform specific: mcbs, cp65001
        # print('skip {}'.format(modname))
        pass

    try:
        all_encodings.add(mod.getregentry().name)
    except AttributeError as e:
        # the `aliases` module doensn't actually provide a codec
        # print('skip {}'.format(modname))
        if 'regentry' not in str(e):
            raise

pprint.pprint(sorted(all_encodings))

Question 9

从Python 3.7.6 Source的/Tools/unicode/listcodecs.py下：

""" List all available codec modules.

(c) Copyright 2005, Marc-Andre Lemburg (mal@lemburg.com).

    Licensed to PSF under a Contributor Agreement.

"""

import os, codecs, encodings

_debug = 0

def listcodecs(dir):
    names = []
    for filename in os.listdir(dir):
        if filename[-3:] != '.py':
            continue
        name = filename[:-3]
        # Check whether we've found a true codec
        try:
            codecs.lookup(name)
        except LookupError:
            # Codec not found
            continue
        except Exception as reason:
            # Probably an error from importing the codec; still it's
            # a valid code name
            if _debug:
                print('* problem importing codec %r: %s' % \
                      (name, reason))
        names.append(name)
    return names


if __name__ == '__main__':
    names = listcodecs(encodings.__path__[0])
    names.sort()
    print('all_codecs = [')
    for name in names:
        print('    %r,' % name)
    print(']')

然后：

if str(response.encoding) is "undefined" or \
        str(response.encoding) not in names:
    do_something()  # like set default to utf_8 and execute
    pass

Question 10

可能您可以这样做：

from encodings.aliases import aliases
print aliases.keys()