外键列表及其引用的表


142

我试图找到一个查询,该查询将为我返回表的外键以及它们引用的表和列的列表。我在那边

SELECT a.table_name, 
       a.column_name, 
       a.constraint_name, 
       c.owner
FROM ALL_CONS_COLUMNS A, ALL_CONSTRAINTS C  
where A.CONSTRAINT_NAME = C.CONSTRAINT_NAME 
  and a.table_name=:TableName 
  and C.CONSTRAINT_TYPE = 'R'

但是我仍然需要知道该键引用了哪个表和主键。我将如何获得?


@MenelaosVergis答案做得很好对我来说,很容易- stackoverflow.com/a/15364469/1579667
BENJ

Answers:


229

所引用的主键在表的列r_ownerr_constraint_name表中进行了描述ALL_CONSTRAINTS。这将为您提供所需的信息:

SELECT a.table_name, a.column_name, a.constraint_name, c.owner, 
       -- referenced pk
       c.r_owner, c_pk.table_name r_table_name, c_pk.constraint_name r_pk
  FROM all_cons_columns a
  JOIN all_constraints c ON a.owner = c.owner
                        AND a.constraint_name = c.constraint_name
  JOIN all_constraints c_pk ON c.r_owner = c_pk.owner
                           AND c.r_constraint_name = c_pk.constraint_name
 WHERE c.constraint_type = 'R'
   AND a.table_name = :TableName

1
请注意,上面的代码没有考虑复合外键。请参阅@Dougman的以下答案,以了解如何计算组合密钥。
xkrz 2014年

2
@xkrz复合外键,就像在多列上定义的外键一样?我看不到上面的查询不会考虑它们!
Vincent Malgrat 2014年

1
@VincentMalgrat,对不起,我的错。我试图使用您的代码列出引用的“ TableName + ColumnName”而不是约束名称,但这不是您的代码所做的。
xkrz 2014年

1
令我困扰的是c.owner不是第一列。除了那出色的:)
roshan 2014年

1
@roshan现在您提到它了,列顺序有点奇怪:)显然,五年前,我还没有想到这么多人都会看到这个答案!
文森特·马尔格拉特

32

试试这个:

select * from all_constraints where r_constraint_name in (select constraint_name 
from all_constraints where table_name='YOUR_TABLE_NAME');

3
目前尚不清楚OP真正想做什么(对我来说),但是对我来说,这个答案可以完美地(而且更简单)回答:“在Oracle中,如何获得引用我指定的特定表的外键? ”。然后使用constraint_name可以进行分析。提示:添加“ owner ='MY_SCHEMA_HERE'”以澄清结果。很好。
Diego1974年

21

这是我们使用的通用脚本,非常方便。

保存它,以便您可以直接执行它(@ fkeys.sql)。它将允许您按所有者和“父”或“子”表进行搜索,并显示外键关系。当前脚本确实明确地后台处理到C:\ SQLRPTS,因此您将需要创建将该行更改为要使用的文件夹。

REM ########################################################################
REM ##
REM ##   fkeys.sql
REM ##
REM ##   Displays the foreign key relationships
REM ##
REM #######################################################################

CLEAR BREAK
CLEAR COL
SET LINES 200
SET PAGES 54
SET NEWPAGE 0
SET WRAP OFF
SET VERIFY OFF
SET FEEDBACK OFF

break on table_name skip 2 on constraint_name on r_table_name skip 1

column CHILDCOL format a60 head 'CHILD COLUMN'
column PARENTCOL format a60 head 'PARENT COLUMN'
column constraint_name format a30 head 'FK CONSTRAINT NAME'
column delete_rule format a15
column bt noprint
column bo noprint

TTITLE LEFT _DATE CENTER 'FOREIGN KEY RELATIONSHIPS ON &new_prompt' RIGHT 'PAGE:'FORMAT 999 SQL.PNO SKIP 2

SPOOL C:\SQLRPTS\FKeys_&new_prompt
ACCEPT OWNER_NAME PROMPT 'Enter Table Owner (or blank for all): '
ACCEPT PARENT_TABLE_NAME PROMPT 'Enter Parent Table or leave blank for all: '
ACCEPT CHILD_TABLE_NAME PROMPT 'Enter Child Table or leave blank for all: '

  select b.owner || '.' || b.table_name || '.' || b.column_name CHILDCOL,
         b.position,
         c.owner || '.' || c.table_name || '.' || c.column_name PARENTCOL,
         a.constraint_name,
         a.delete_rule,
         b.table_name bt,
         b.owner bo
    from all_cons_columns b,
         all_cons_columns c,
         all_constraints a
   where b.constraint_name = a.constraint_name
     and a.owner           = b.owner
     and b.position        = c.position
     and c.constraint_name = a.r_constraint_name
     and c.owner           = a.r_owner
     and a.constraint_type = 'R'
     and c.owner      like case when upper('&OWNER_NAME') is null then '%'
                                else upper('&OWNER_NAME') end
     and c.table_name like case when upper('&PARENT_TABLE_NAME') is null then '%'
                                else upper('&PARENT_TABLE_NAME') end
     and b.table_name like case when upper('&CHILD_TABLE_NAME') is null then '%'
                                else upper('&CHILD_TABLE_NAME') end
order by 7,6,4,2
/
SPOOL OFF
TTITLE OFF
SET FEEDBACK ON
SET VERIFY ON
CLEAR BREAK
CLEAR COL
SET PAGES 24
SET LINES 100
SET NEWPAGE 1
UNDEF OWNER

12

这将遍历给定表和列的外键层次结构,并从子代和孙代以及所有后代表返回列。它使用子查询将r_table_name和r_column_name添加到user_constraints,然后使用它们来连接行。

select distinct table_name, constraint_name, column_name, r_table_name, position, constraint_type 
from (
    SELECT uc.table_name, 
    uc.constraint_name, 
    cols.column_name, 
    (select table_name from user_constraints where constraint_name = uc.r_constraint_name) 
        r_table_name,
    (select column_name from user_cons_columns where constraint_name = uc.r_constraint_name and position = cols.position) 
        r_column_name,
    cols.position,
    uc.constraint_type
    FROM user_constraints uc
    inner join user_cons_columns cols on uc.constraint_name = cols.constraint_name 
    where constraint_type != 'C'
) 
start with table_name = 'MY_TABLE_NAME' and column_name = 'MY_COLUMN_NAME'  
connect by nocycle 
prior table_name = r_table_name 
and prior column_name = r_column_name;

8

这是另一种解决方案。使用sys的默认视图太慢了(在我的情况下大约是10s)。这要快得多(约0.5秒)。

SELECT
    CONST.NAME AS CONSTRAINT_NAME,
    RCONST.NAME AS REF_CONSTRAINT_NAME,

    OBJ.NAME AS TABLE_NAME,
    COALESCE(ACOL.NAME, COL.NAME) AS COLUMN_NAME,
    CCOL.POS# AS POSITION,

    ROBJ.NAME AS REF_TABLE_NAME,
    COALESCE(RACOL.NAME, RCOL.NAME) AS REF_COLUMN_NAME,
    RCCOL.POS# AS REF_POSITION
FROM SYS.CON$ CONST
INNER JOIN SYS.CDEF$ CDEF ON CDEF.CON# = CONST.CON#
INNER JOIN SYS.CCOL$ CCOL ON CCOL.CON# = CONST.CON#
INNER JOIN SYS.COL$ COL  ON (CCOL.OBJ# = COL.OBJ#) AND (CCOL.INTCOL# = COL.INTCOL#)
INNER JOIN SYS.OBJ$ OBJ ON CCOL.OBJ# = OBJ.OBJ#
LEFT JOIN SYS.ATTRCOL$ ACOL ON (CCOL.OBJ# = ACOL.OBJ#) AND (CCOL.INTCOL# = ACOL.INTCOL#)

INNER JOIN SYS.CON$ RCONST ON RCONST.CON# = CDEF.RCON#
INNER JOIN SYS.CCOL$ RCCOL ON RCCOL.CON# = RCONST.CON#
INNER JOIN SYS.COL$ RCOL  ON (RCCOL.OBJ# = RCOL.OBJ#) AND (RCCOL.INTCOL# = RCOL.INTCOL#)
INNER JOIN SYS.OBJ$ ROBJ ON RCCOL.OBJ# = ROBJ.OBJ#
LEFT JOIN SYS.ATTRCOL$ RACOL  ON (RCCOL.OBJ# = RACOL.OBJ#) AND (RCCOL.INTCOL# = RACOL.INTCOL#)

WHERE CONST.OWNER# = userenv('SCHEMAID')
  AND RCONST.OWNER# = userenv('SCHEMAID')
  AND CDEF.TYPE# = 4  /* 'R' Referential/Foreign Key */;

这在Oracle 10g中对我不起作用。"_CURRENT_EDITION_OBJ"无法识别。
StilesCrisis

2
嗨,替换SYS."_CURRENT_EDITION_OBJ"SYS.OBJ$。它将同时运行10g和11g。并确保您有足够的特权。我也用更改了答案SYS.OBJ$
Ganbat Bayarbaatar

如何在此语句中包含架构(OWNER)(作为字符串fe SYSTEM)?
亚当·莫罗切克

5

如果您需要用户的所有外键,请使用以下脚本

SELECT a.constraint_name, a.table_name, a.column_name,  c.owner, 
       c_pk.table_name r_table_name,  b.column_name r_column_name
  FROM user_cons_columns a
  JOIN user_constraints c ON a.owner = c.owner
       AND a.constraint_name = c.constraint_name
  JOIN user_constraints c_pk ON c.r_owner = c_pk.owner
       AND c.r_constraint_name = c_pk.constraint_name
  JOIN user_cons_columns b ON C_PK.owner = b.owner
       AND  C_PK.CONSTRAINT_NAME = b.constraint_name AND b.POSITION = a.POSITION     
 WHERE c.constraint_type = 'R'

基于Vincent Malgrat代码


它似乎没有返回用户约束,而仅在TABLE_NAME和R_TABLE_NAME中返回WRM $ _SNAPSHOT和WRM $ _DATABASE_INSTANCE。
instanceOfObject

5

我知道现在回答有点晚了,但是无论如何让我回答,上面的一些答案很复杂,因此这里的方法要简单得多。

SELECT a.table_name child_table, a.column_name child_column, a.constraint_name, 
      b.table_name parent_table, b.column_name parent_column
  FROM all_cons_columns a
  JOIN all_constraints c ON a.owner = c.owner AND a.constraint_name = c.constraint_name
 join all_cons_columns b on c.owner = b.owner and c.r_constraint_name = b.constraint_name
 WHERE c.constraint_type = 'R'
   AND a.table_name = 'your table name'

1
这为我返回了多个重复行。我添加了DISTINCT,它清除了它。
Ray K.

1

如果要创建从UAT环境表到Live的FK约束,请在动态查询下触发.....

    SELECT 'ALTER TABLE '||OBJ.NAME||' ADD CONSTRAINT '||CONST.NAME||'     FOREIGN KEY ('||COALESCE(ACOL.NAME, COL.NAME)||') REFERENCES '
||ROBJ.NAME ||' ('||COALESCE(RACOL.NAME, RCOL.NAME) ||');'
FROM SYS.CON$ CONST
INNER JOIN SYS.CDEF$ CDEF ON CDEF.CON# = CONST.CON#
INNER JOIN SYS.CCOL$ CCOL ON CCOL.CON# = CONST.CON#
INNER JOIN SYS.COL$ COL  ON (CCOL.OBJ# = COL.OBJ#) AND (CCOL.INTCOL# =     COL.INTCOL#)
INNER JOIN SYS.OBJ$ OBJ ON CCOL.OBJ# = OBJ.OBJ#
LEFT JOIN SYS.ATTRCOL$ ACOL ON (CCOL.OBJ# = ACOL.OBJ#) AND (CCOL.INTCOL# =     ACOL.INTCOL#)

INNER JOIN SYS.CON$ RCONST ON RCONST.CON# = CDEF.RCON#
INNER JOIN SYS.CCOL$ RCCOL ON RCCOL.CON# = RCONST.CON#
INNER JOIN SYS.COL$ RCOL  ON (RCCOL.OBJ# = RCOL.OBJ#) AND (RCCOL.INTCOL# =     RCOL.INTCOL#)
INNER JOIN SYS.OBJ$ ROBJ ON RCCOL.OBJ# = ROBJ.OBJ#
LEFT JOIN SYS.ATTRCOL$ RACOL  ON (RCCOL.OBJ# = RACOL.OBJ#) AND     (RCCOL.INTCOL# = RACOL.INTCOL#)

WHERE CONST.OWNER# = userenv('SCHEMAID')
AND RCONST.OWNER# = userenv('SCHEMAID')
AND CDEF.TYPE# = 4 
AND OBJ.NAME = <table_name>;

1
尝试稍微解释一下您的代码...仅提供代码更像是做作业。
CoderNeji

1

以我的拙见,我的版本更具可读性:

SELECT   PARENT.TABLE_NAME  "PARENT TABLE_NAME"
,        PARENT.CONSTRAINT_NAME  "PARENT PK CONSTRAINT"
,       '->' " "
,        CHILD.TABLE_NAME  "CHILD TABLE_NAME"
,        CHILD.COLUMN_NAME  "CHILD COLUMN_NAME"
,        CHILD.CONSTRAINT_NAME  "CHILD CONSTRAINT_NAME"
FROM     ALL_CONS_COLUMNS   CHILD
,        ALL_CONSTRAINTS   CT
,        ALL_CONSTRAINTS   PARENT
WHERE    CHILD.OWNER  =  CT.OWNER
AND      CT.CONSTRAINT_TYPE  = 'R'
AND      CHILD.CONSTRAINT_NAME  =  CT.CONSTRAINT_NAME 
AND      CT.R_OWNER  =  PARENT.OWNER
AND      CT.R_CONSTRAINT_NAME  =  PARENT.CONSTRAINT_NAME 
AND      CHILD.TABLE_NAME  = ::table -- table name variable
AND      CT.OWNER  = ::owner; -- schema variable, could not be needed

1
为了使它的工作,我不得不改变:::tabletabl
ZygD

是的,您很严格,我使用WinSQL做到了,并且变量识别使用::而不是,例如在SQLDeveloper中,您只需要使用将文本记为变量。很抱歉,如果不清楚。
弗朗西斯科M

1

有点迟了,但是我希望我的回答对需要选择复合外键的人有用。

SELECT
    "C"."CONSTRAINT_NAME",
    "C"."OWNER" AS "SCHEMA_NAME",
    "C"."TABLE_NAME",
    "COL"."COLUMN_NAME",
    "REF_COL"."OWNER" AS "REF_SCHEMA_NAME",
    "REF_COL"."TABLE_NAME" AS "REF_TABLE_NAME",
    "REF_COL"."COLUMN_NAME" AS "REF_COLUMN_NAME"
FROM
    "USER_CONSTRAINTS" "C"
INNER JOIN "USER_CONS_COLUMNS" "COL" ON "COL"."OWNER" = "C"."OWNER"
 AND "COL"."CONSTRAINT_NAME" = "C"."CONSTRAINT_NAME"
INNER JOIN "USER_CONS_COLUMNS" "REF_COL" ON "REF_COL"."OWNER" = "C"."R_OWNER"
 AND "REF_COL"."CONSTRAINT_NAME" = "C"."R_CONSTRAINT_NAME"
 AND "REF_COL"."POSITION" = "COL"."POSITION"
WHERE "C"."TABLE_NAME" = 'TableName' AND "C"."CONSTRAINT_TYPE" = 'R'

1

我使用下面的代码,它达到了我的目的-

SELECT fk.owner, fk.table_name, col.column_name
FROM dba_constraints pk, dba_constraints fk, dba_cons_columns col
WHERE pk.constraint_name = fk.r_constraint_name
AND fk.constraint_name = col.constraint_name
AND pk.owner = col.owner
AND pk.owner = fk.owner
AND fk.constraint_type = 'R'   
AND pk.owner = sys_context('USERENV', 'CURRENT_SCHEMA') 
AND pk.table_name = :my_table
AND pk.constraint_type = 'P';

0
select d.table_name,

       d.constraint_name "Primary Constraint Name",

       b.constraint_name "Referenced Constraint Name"

from user_constraints d,

     (select c.constraint_name,

             c.r_constraint_name,

             c.table_name

      from user_constraints c 

      where table_name='EMPLOYEES' --your table name instead of EMPLOYEES

      and constraint_type='R') b

where d.constraint_name=b.r_constraint_name

请写下您在解决方案中所做的事情。谢谢。
Leonid Glanz 2015年

@LeonidGlanz,与我在解决方案中所做的一样,除了 “表名”,我不明白你的意思……
ALIRA 2015年

1
您可以根据需要将更user_constraints改为all_constraints
ALIRA 2015年

您也可以删除其中考虑表名的where子句。
ALIRA 2015年

constraint_type ='R'过滤约束以仅显示关系约束。
ALIRA 2015年

0
SELECT a.table_name, a.column_name, a.constraint_name, c.owner, 
       -- referenced pk
       c.r_owner, c_pk.table_name r_table_name, c_pk.constraint_name r_pk
  FROM all_cons_columns a
  JOIN all_constraints c ON a.owner = c.owner
                        AND a.constraint_name = c.constraint_name
  JOIN all_constraints c_pk ON c.r_owner = c_pk.owner
                           AND c.r_constraint_name = c_pk.constraint_name
 WHERE c.constraint_type = 'R'
   AND a.table_name :=TABLE_NAME
   AND c.owner :=OWNER_NAME;

0
WITH reference_view AS
     (SELECT a.owner, a.table_name, a.constraint_name, a.constraint_type,
             a.r_owner, a.r_constraint_name, b.column_name
        FROM dba_constraints a, dba_cons_columns b
       WHERE  a.owner LIKE UPPER ('SYS') AND
          a.owner = b.owner
         AND a.constraint_name = b.constraint_name
         AND constraint_type = 'R'),
     constraint_view AS
     (SELECT a.owner a_owner, a.table_name, a.column_name, b.owner b_owner,
             b.constraint_name
        FROM dba_cons_columns a, dba_constraints b
       WHERE a.owner = b.owner
         AND a.constraint_name = b.constraint_name
         AND b.constraint_type = 'P'
         AND a.owner LIKE UPPER ('SYS')
         )
SELECT  
       rv.table_name FK_Table , rv.column_name FK_Column ,
       CV.table_name PK_Table , rv.column_name PK_Column , rv.r_constraint_name Constraint_Name 
  FROM reference_view rv, constraint_view CV
 WHERE rv.r_constraint_name = CV.constraint_name AND rv.r_owner = CV.b_owner;

0

对于Load UserTable(外键及其引用的表的列表)

WITH

reference_view AS
     (SELECT a.owner, a.table_name, a.constraint_name, a.constraint_type,
             a.r_owner, a.r_constraint_name, b.column_name
        FROM dba_constraints a, dba_cons_columns b
       WHERE 
          a.owner = b.owner
         AND a.constraint_name = b.constraint_name
         AND constraint_type = 'R'),
constraint_view AS
     (SELECT a.owner a_owner, a.table_name, a.column_name, b.owner b_owner,
             b.constraint_name
        FROM dba_cons_columns a, dba_constraints b
       WHERE a.owner = b.owner
         AND a.constraint_name = b.constraint_name
         AND b.constraint_type = 'P'

         ) ,
usertableviewlist AS 
(
      select  TABLE_NAME  from user_tables  
) 
SELECT  
       rv.table_name FK_Table , rv.column_name FK_Column ,
       CV.table_name PK_Table , rv.column_name PK_Column , rv.r_constraint_name Constraint_Name 
  FROM reference_view rv, constraint_view CV , usertableviewlist UTable
 WHERE rv.r_constraint_name = CV.constraint_name AND rv.r_owner = CV.b_owner And UTable.TABLE_NAME = rv.table_name; 
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