Rspec没有看到我的模型Class。未初始化的常量错误

我正在Ruby on Rails应用程序中针对我的模型在Rspec上编写测试。并且在启动“ rspec spec”时收到此错误

command:
/spec/models/client_spec.rb:4:in `<top (required)>': uninitialized constant Client (NameError)

我使用Rails 4.0.0和Ruby 2.0.0

这是我的client_spec.rb：

require 'spec_helper'


describe Client do

  it 'is invalid without first_name', :focus => true do
     client = Client.new
     client.should_not be_valid
  end
end

和Gemfile：

source 'https://rubygems.org'

# Bundle edge Rails instead: gem 'rails', github: 'rails/rails'
gem 'rails', '4.0.0.rc1'

# Use sqlite3 as the database for Active Record
gem 'sqlite3'

# Use SCSS for stylesheets
gem 'sass-rails', '~> 4.0.0.rc1'

# Use Uglifier as compressor for JavaScript assets
gem 'uglifier', '>= 1.3.0'

# Use CoffeeScript for .js.coffee assets and views
gem 'coffee-rails', '~> 4.0.0'

# gem 'therubyracer', platforms: :ruby

# Use jquery as the JavaScript library
gem 'jquery-rails'

# Turbolinks makes following links in your web application faster. Read more: 
gem 'turbolinks'

gem 'jbuilder', '~> 1.0.1'

group :development do
  gem 'rspec-rails'
end

group :doc do
  # bundle exec rake doc:rails generates the API under doc/api.
  gem 'sdoc', require: false
end

group :test do
  gem 'rspec-rails'
  gem 'factory_girl_rails'
  gem 'database_cleaner'
end

最后是client.rb（ROR模型和类）：

class Client < ActiveRecord::Base

  has_many :cars
  has_many :orders
  has_one :client_status
  has_one :discount_plan, through: :client_status

  validates :email, format: { with: /^[_a-z0-9-]+(\.[_a-z0-9-]+)*@[a-z0-9-]+(\.[a-z0-9-]+)*(\.[a-z]{2,4})\z/, :message => "Only emails allowed", :multiline => true }
  validates :email, presence: true, if: "phone.nil?"
  #validates :phone, presence: true, if: "email.nil?"
  validates :last_name, :first_name, presence: true
  validates :last_name, :first_name, length: {
      minimum: 2,
      maximum: 500,
      wrong_length: "Invalid length",
      too_long: "%{count} characters is the maximum allowed",
      too_short: "must have at least %{count} characters"
     }
end

如果我的spec_helper.rb文件有用的话：

# This file was generated by the `rspec --init` command. Conventionally, all
# specs live under a `spec` directory, which RSpec adds to the `$LOAD_PATH`.
# Require this file using `require "spec_helper"` to ensure that it is only
# loaded once.
#
# See http://rubydoc.info/gems/rspec-core/RSpec/Core/Configuration
RSpec.configure do |config|
  config.treat_symbols_as_metadata_keys_with_true_values = true
  config.run_all_when_everything_filtered = true
  config.filter_run :focus

  # Run specs in random order to surface order dependencies. If you find an
  # order dependency and want to debug it, you can fix the order by providing
  # the seed, which is printed after each run.
  #     --seed 1234
  config.order = 'random'

  #config.use_transactional_fixtures = false

  config.before(:suite) do
    DatabaseCleaner.strategy = :transaction
    DatabaseCleaner.clean_with(:truncation)
  end

   config.before(:each) do
     DatabaseCleaner.start
   end

   config.after(:each) do
     DatabaseCleaner.clean
   end

  end

您的spec_helper文件缺少一些重要命令。具体来说，它不包括config / environment和Initialization rspec-rails。

您可以将以下行添加到spec/spec_helper.rb文件的开头

ENV["RAILS_ENV"] ||= 'test'
require File.expand_path("../../config/environment", __FILE__)
require 'rspec/rails'
require 'rspec/autorun'

或者你可以跑步

rails generate rspec:install

并spec_helper用为生成的供您使用的一个覆盖rspec-rails。

在rails 4.x（rspec-rails 3.1.0）中使用

require "rails_helper"  # this

不

require "spec_helper"   # not this

在您的规格文件中

你可能还喜欢添加--require rails_helper在你的.rspec文件，以便它看起来像这样。

--color
--require spec_helper
--require rails_helper

在此之后，您将不需要所有规格的rails_helper。

我正在使用Rails 5.0.0.1。
这是我解决此问题的方法。

在您的Gemfile上，请添加-> -rails'，“> = 2.0.0.beta”

像这样

group :development, :test do
  gem 'rspec-rails', ">= 2.0.0.beta"
end

原因：如果未添加rspec-rails，并且在执行rspec命令时，它将生成此错误-> “无法加载此类文件-rails_helper”

现在，在终端上执行此命令。

捆绑安装

一旦bundle命令执行良好，就执行rails生成。像这样

Rails生成rspec：install

原因：此命令将创建一个新的.rspec（在出现提示时单击覆盖），spec / rails_helper.rb和spec / spec_helper.rb

现在，此时，rspec应该可以正常运行了。
但是，如果遇到找不到模型的错误，例如无法加载此类文件-idea，请尝试将其添加到spec / spec_helper.rb的顶部

require 'rubygems'
ENV["RAILS_ENV"] ||= 'test'
require File.expand_path("../../config/environment", __FILE__)

原因： spec_helper似乎没有加载Rails环境。我们需要它。

希望这可以帮助！

自从创建此线程以来，情况有所变化，我uninitialized constant ClassName (NameError)也使用Ruby 2.1，Rails 4.2，rspec-rails 3.3遇到了错误。

我已阅读rspec-rails gem文档解决了我的问题：

https://github.com/rspec/rspec-rails#model-specs

它证实了Swards关于不再需要“ rails_helper”而不是“ spec_helper”的说法。

而且我的模型规范看起来更像是来自gem文档的模型规范

RSpec.describe Url, :type => :model do
    it 'is invalid without first_name', :focus => true do
        client = Client.new
        client.should_not be_valid
    end
end

工厂文件夹在您的应用中定义

FactoryBot.define do
  factory :user_params , :class => 'User' do
    username 'Alagesan'
    password '$1234@..'

  end
end

您的控制器RSpec文件：

it 'valid params' do
  post :register, params: {:user => user_params } 
end

如果此问题下的其他答案不起作用，请尝试：

• 检查文件名或类名中是否有拼写错误（它们应该匹配）

除此以外，

• 检查config/environment/test.rb文件，查看是否存在config.eager_load = false，并将其设置为true。

您应该按照书面顺序进行检查，因为您不想在那里打错字来解决问题。