为每个类别选择前10条记录

我想在一个查询中返回每个部分的前10条记录。任何人都可以帮忙吗？节是表中的列之一。

数据库是SQL Server2005。我想按输入的日期返回前十名。部分是业务，本地和功能。对于一个特定的日期，我只需要前（10）个业务行（最近输入），前（10）个本地行和前（10）个功能。

如果您使用的是SQL 2005，则可以执行以下操作...

SELECT rs.Field1,rs.Field2 
    FROM (
        SELECT Field1,Field2, Rank() 
          over (Partition BY Section
                ORDER BY RankCriteria DESC ) AS Rank
        FROM table
        ) rs WHERE Rank <= 10

如果您的RankCriteria有联系，那么您可能会返回10行以上，而Matt的解决方案可能更适合您。

在T-SQL中，我会这样做：

WITH TOPTEN AS (
    SELECT *, ROW_NUMBER() 
    over (
        PARTITION BY [group_by_field] 
        order by [prioritise_field]
    ) AS RowNo 
    FROM [table_name]
)
SELECT * FROM TOPTEN WHERE RowNo <= 10

这在SQL Server 2005上有效（已编辑以反映您的澄清）：

select *
from Things t
where t.ThingID in (
    select top 10 ThingID
    from Things tt
    where tt.Section = t.Section and tt.ThingDate = @Date
    order by tt.DateEntered desc
    )
    and t.ThingDate = @Date
order by Section, DateEntered desc

SELECT r.*
FROM
(
    SELECT
        r.*,
        ROW_NUMBER() OVER(PARTITION BY r.[SectionID] ORDER BY r.[DateEntered] DESC) rn
    FROM [Records] r
) r
WHERE r.rn <= 10
ORDER BY r.[DateEntered] DESC

我这样做：

SELECT a.* FROM articles AS a
  LEFT JOIN articles AS a2 
    ON a.section = a2.section AND a.article_date <= a2.article_date
GROUP BY a.article_id
HAVING COUNT(*) <= 10;

更新： GROUP BY的此示例仅在MySQL和SQLite中工作，因为关于GROUP BY，这些数据库比标准SQL允许得多。大多数SQL实现要求select列表中不属于聚合表达式的所有列也位于GROUP BY中。

如果我们使用SQL Server> = 2005，则可以只选择一项来解决任务：

declare @t table (
    Id      int ,
    Section int,
    Moment  date
);

insert into @t values
(   1   ,   1   , '2014-01-01'),
(   2   ,   1   , '2014-01-02'),
(   3   ,   1   , '2014-01-03'),
(   4   ,   1   , '2014-01-04'),
(   5   ,   1   , '2014-01-05'),

(   6   ,   2   , '2014-02-06'),
(   7   ,   2   , '2014-02-07'),
(   8   ,   2   , '2014-02-08'),
(   9   ,   2   , '2014-02-09'),
(   10  ,   2   , '2014-02-10'),

(   11  ,   3   , '2014-03-11'),
(   12  ,   3   , '2014-03-12'),
(   13  ,   3   , '2014-03-13'),
(   14  ,   3   , '2014-03-14'),
(   15  ,   3   , '2014-03-15');


-- TWO earliest records in each Section

select top 1 with ties
    Id, Section, Moment 
from
    @t
order by 
    case 
        when row_number() over(partition by Section order by Moment) <= 2 
        then 0 
        else 1 
    end;


-- THREE earliest records in each Section

select top 1 with ties
    Id, Section, Moment 
from
    @t
order by 
    case 
        when row_number() over(partition by Section order by Moment) <= 3 
        then 0 
        else 1 
    end;


-- three LATEST records in each Section

select top 1 with ties
    Id, Section, Moment 
from
    @t
order by 
    case 
        when row_number() over(partition by Section order by Moment desc) <= 3 
        then 0 
        else 1 
    end;

如果您知道这些部分是什么，则可以执行以下操作：

select top 10 * from table where section=1
union
select top 10 * from table where section=2
union
select top 10 * from table where section=3

我知道这个线程有点旧，但是我碰到了一个类似的问题（从每个类别中选择最新文章），这是我想出的解决方案：

WITH [TopCategoryArticles] AS (
    SELECT 
        [ArticleID],
        ROW_NUMBER() OVER (
            PARTITION BY [ArticleCategoryID]
            ORDER BY [ArticleDate] DESC
        ) AS [Order]
    FROM [dbo].[Articles]
)
SELECT [Articles].* 
FROM 
    [TopCategoryArticles] LEFT JOIN 
    [dbo].[Articles] ON
        [TopCategoryArticles].[ArticleID] = [Articles].[ArticleID]
WHERE [TopCategoryArticles].[Order] = 1

这与Darrel的解决方案非常相似，但克服了RANK问题，该问题可能返回比预期更多的行。

尝试了以下内容，并且也可以使用联系。

SELECT rs.Field1,rs.Field2 
FROM (
    SELECT Field1,Field2, ROW_NUMBER() 
      OVER (Partition BY Section
            ORDER BY RankCriteria DESC ) AS Rank
    FROM table
    ) rs WHERE Rank <= 10

如果要生成按节分组的输出，则仅显示每个节的前n条记录，如下所示：

SECTION     SUBSECTION

deer        American Elk/Wapiti
deer        Chinese Water Deer
dog         Cocker Spaniel
dog         German Shephard
horse       Appaloosa
horse       Morgan

...那么以下内容应该可以在所有SQL数据库中正常使用。如果想要前10个，只需在查询末尾将2更改为10。

select
    x1.section
    , x1.subsection
from example x1
where
    (
    select count(*)
    from example x2
    where x2.section = x1.section
    and x2.subsection <= x1.subsection
    ) <= 2
order by section, subsection;

建立：

create table example ( id int, section varchar(25), subsection varchar(25) );

insert into example select 0, 'dog', 'Labrador Retriever';
insert into example select 1, 'deer', 'Whitetail';
insert into example select 2, 'horse', 'Morgan';
insert into example select 3, 'horse', 'Tarpan';
insert into example select 4, 'deer', 'Row';
insert into example select 5, 'horse', 'Appaloosa';
insert into example select 6, 'dog', 'German Shephard';
insert into example select 7, 'horse', 'Thoroughbred';
insert into example select 8, 'dog', 'Mutt';
insert into example select 9, 'horse', 'Welara Pony';
insert into example select 10, 'dog', 'Cocker Spaniel';
insert into example select 11, 'deer', 'American Elk/Wapiti';
insert into example select 12, 'horse', 'Shetland Pony';
insert into example select 13, 'deer', 'Chinese Water Deer';
insert into example select 14, 'deer', 'Fallow';

可能会在UNION为您操作员的工作量？每个部分都有一个SELECT，然后将它们联合在一起。猜猜它仅适用于固定数量的部分。

Q）从每个组中查找TOP X记录（Oracle）

SQL> select * from emp e 
  2  where e.empno in (select d.empno from emp d 
  3  where d.deptno=e.deptno and rownum<3)
  4  order by deptno
  5  ;

 EMPNO ENAME      JOB              MGR HIREDATE         SAL       COMM     DEPTNO

  7782 CLARK      MANAGER         7839 09-JUN-81       2450                    10
  7839 KING       PRESIDENT            17-NOV-81       5000                    10
  7369 SMITH      CLERK           7902 17-DEC-80        800                    20
  7566 JONES      MANAGER         7839 02-APR-81       2975                    20
  7499 ALLEN      SALESMAN        7698 20-FEB-81       1600        300         30
  7521 WARD       SALESMAN        7698 22-FEB-81       1250        500         30

已选择6行。

虽然问题是关于SQL Server 2005的，但大多数人都继续前进，如果确实找到了这个问题，那么在其他情况下，可能首选的答案是使用CROSS APPLY此博客文章中所示的方法。

SELECT *
FROM t
CROSS APPLY (
  SELECT TOP 10 u.*
  FROM u
  WHERE u.t_id = t.t_id
  ORDER BY u.something DESC
) u

该查询涉及2个表。OP的查询仅涉及1个表，在这种情况下，基于窗口函数的解决方案可能更有效。

您可以尝试这种方法。该查询返回每个国家的10个人口最多的城市。

   SELECT city, country, population
   FROM
   (SELECT city, country, population, 
   @country_rank := IF(@current_country = country, @country_rank + 1, 1) AS country_rank,
   @current_country := country 
   FROM cities
   ORDER BY country, population DESC
   ) ranked
   WHERE country_rank <= 10;