无法加载腌制的对象

我遇到的问题是尝试加载腌制对象时。我试过同时使用这两个pickle.loads，pickle.load结果如下：

pickle.loads：

TypeError：“ str”不支持缓冲区接口

pickle.load：

TypeError：文件必须具有“ read”和“ readline”属性

有人可以告诉我我在此过程中做错了什么吗？

elif str(parser) == "SwissWithdrawn_Parser":
    # swissprot name changes
    print("Gathering SwissProt update info...")
    cache_hits = 0
    cache_misses = 0
    files = set()

    for f in os.listdir("out/cache/"):
        if os.path.isfile("out/cache/" + f):
            files.add(f)

    for name in sp_lost_names:

        cached = False
        url = (
            "http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/?query=mnemonic%3a"
            + name
            + "+active%3ayes&format=tab&columns=entry%20name"
        )
        hashed_url = str(hash(url))

        ################### For Testing Only - use cache ##################
        if hashed_url in files:
            cached = True
            cache_hits += 1
            content = pickle.loads("out/cache/" + hashed_url)  # <-- problematic line
        else:
            cache_misses += 1
            content = urllib.request.urlopen(url)

        # get the contents returned from the HTTPResponse object
        content_list = [x.decode().strip() for x in content.readlines()]
        if not cached:
            with open("out/cache/" + hashed_url, "wb") as fp:
                pickle.dump(content_list, fp)
        ####################################################################

        # no replacement
        if len(content_list) is 0:
            change_log["swiss-names"] = {name: "withdrawn"}
        # get the new name
        else:
            new_name = content_list[1]
            change_log["swiss-names"] = {name: new_name}

您需要先读取文件（以binary形式bytes）并使用pickle.loads()，或者将打开的文件对象传递给pickle.load()命令。后者是可取的：

with open('out/cache/' +hashed_url, 'rb') as pickle_file:
    content = pickle.load(pickle_file)

两种方法都不支持从文件名加载泡菜。

如果您恰巧将python2移植到3并遇到此错误，则python2和3处理的字节不同，导致需要使用'b'选项打开文件句柄。例如在python2中open(file, 'r') as f: my_list = pickle.load(f)工作，但在python3中不行。相反，您必须打开open(file, 'rb') as f: my_list = pickle.load(f)