Answers:
我喜欢RestClient。它将net / http封装成具有很酷的功能,例如多部分表单数据:
require 'rest_client'
RestClient.post('http://localhost:3000/foo',
:name_of_file_param => File.new('/path/to/file'))
它还支持流媒体。
gem install rest-client
会帮助您入门。
gem install rest-client
和require 'rest_client'
。该信息遗漏了太多的红宝石示例。
关于尼克·西格(Nick Sieger)的多篇文章库,我不能说太多好话。
它增加了对直接发布到Net :: HTTP的多部分发布的支持,而无需手动担心边界或目标可能与您自己的目标不同的大型库。
这是自述文件中有关如何使用它的一个小示例:
require 'net/http/post/multipart'
url = URI.parse('http://www.example.com/upload')
File.open("./image.jpg") do |jpg|
req = Net::HTTP::Post::Multipart.new url.path,
"file" => UploadIO.new(jpg, "image/jpeg", "image.jpg")
res = Net::HTTP.start(url.host, url.port) do |http|
http.request(req)
end
end
您可以在此处签出该库:http : //github.com/nicksieger/multipart-post
或通过以下方式安装:
$ sudo gem install multipart-post
如果您通过SSL连接,则需要像这样启动连接:
n = Net::HTTP.new(url.host, url.port)
n.use_ssl = true
# for debugging dev server
#n.verify_mode = OpenSSL::SSL::VERIFY_NONE
res = n.start do |http|
curb
看起来是一个不错的解决方案,但是如果它不能满足您的需求,则可以使用Net::HTTP
。一个多部分的表单帖子只是一个带有一些额外标题的精心格式化的字符串。似乎每个需要编写多篇文章的Ruby程序员最终都为此编写了自己的小程序库,这使我想知道为什么没有内置此功能。也许是...无论如何,为了您的阅读乐趣,我将继续在这里提出解决方案。这段代码基于我在几个博客中找到的示例,但是很遗憾我找不到链接。所以我想我只需要为自己承担全部功劳...
我为此编写的模块包含一个公共类,用于从String
和File
对象的哈希中生成表单数据和标头。因此,例如,如果您要发布一个带有名为“ title”的字符串参数和名为“ document”的文件参数的表单,则可以执行以下操作:
#prepare the query
data, headers = Multipart::Post.prepare_query("title" => my_string, "document" => my_file)
然后,你只是做一个正常的POST
有Net::HTTP
:
http = Net::HTTP.new(upload_uri.host, upload_uri.port)
res = http.start {|con| con.post(upload_uri.path, data, headers) }
或者,否则,您想要执行此操作POST
。关键是Multipart
返回您需要发送的数据和标头。就是这样!简单吧?这是Multipart模块的代码(您需要mime-types
gem):
# Takes a hash of string and file parameters and returns a string of text
# formatted to be sent as a multipart form post.
#
# Author:: Cody Brimhall <mailto:brimhall@somuchwit.com>
# Created:: 22 Feb 2008
# License:: Distributed under the terms of the WTFPL (http://www.wtfpl.net/txt/copying/)
require 'rubygems'
require 'mime/types'
require 'cgi'
module Multipart
VERSION = "1.0.0"
# Formats a given hash as a multipart form post
# If a hash value responds to :string or :read messages, then it is
# interpreted as a file and processed accordingly; otherwise, it is assumed
# to be a string
class Post
# We have to pretend we're a web browser...
USERAGENT = "Mozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; U; PPC Mac OS X; en-us) AppleWebKit/523.10.6 (KHTML, like Gecko) Version/3.0.4 Safari/523.10.6"
BOUNDARY = "0123456789ABLEWASIEREISAWELBA9876543210"
CONTENT_TYPE = "multipart/form-data; boundary=#{ BOUNDARY }"
HEADER = { "Content-Type" => CONTENT_TYPE, "User-Agent" => USERAGENT }
def self.prepare_query(params)
fp = []
params.each do |k, v|
# Are we trying to make a file parameter?
if v.respond_to?(:path) and v.respond_to?(:read) then
fp.push(FileParam.new(k, v.path, v.read))
# We must be trying to make a regular parameter
else
fp.push(StringParam.new(k, v))
end
end
# Assemble the request body using the special multipart format
query = fp.collect {|p| "--" + BOUNDARY + "\r\n" + p.to_multipart }.join("") + "--" + BOUNDARY + "--"
return query, HEADER
end
end
private
# Formats a basic string key/value pair for inclusion with a multipart post
class StringParam
attr_accessor :k, :v
def initialize(k, v)
@k = k
@v = v
end
def to_multipart
return "Content-Disposition: form-data; name=\"#{CGI::escape(k)}\"\r\n\r\n#{v}\r\n"
end
end
# Formats the contents of a file or string for inclusion with a multipart
# form post
class FileParam
attr_accessor :k, :filename, :content
def initialize(k, filename, content)
@k = k
@filename = filename
@content = content
end
def to_multipart
# If we can tell the possible mime-type from the filename, use the
# first in the list; otherwise, use "application/octet-stream"
mime_type = MIME::Types.type_for(filename)[0] || MIME::Types["application/octet-stream"][0]
return "Content-Disposition: form-data; name=\"#{CGI::escape(k)}\"; filename=\"#{ filename }\"\r\n" +
"Content-Type: #{ mime_type.simplified }\r\n\r\n#{ content }\r\n"
end
end
end
FileParam
。方法中的分配to_multipart
再次复制文件内容,这是不必要的!而是只传递文件描述符并在以下时间读取文件描述符to_multipart
另一个仅使用标准库的库:
uri = URI('https://some.end.point/some/path')
request = Net::HTTP::Post.new(uri)
request['Authorization'] = 'If you need some headers'
form_data = [['photos', photo.tempfile]] # or File.open() in case of local file
request.set_form form_data, 'multipart/form-data'
response = Net::HTTP.start(uri.hostname, uri.port, use_ssl: true) do |http| # pay attention to use_ssl if you need it
http.request(request)
end
尝试了很多方法,但是只有这种方法对我有用。
uri = URI('https://some.end.point/some/path')
这样一来,您可以调用uri.port
并且uri.host
以后不会出错。
File.open
则不应该使用File.read
在尝试了本文中其他可用的方法之后,这是我的解决方案,我正在使用它在TwitPic上上传照片:
def upload(photo)
`curl -F media=@#{photo.path} -F username=#{@username} -F password=#{@password} -F message='#{photo.title}' http://twitpic.com/api/uploadAndPost`
end
快进到2017年,ruby
stdlib
net/http
此功能自1.9.3起内置
Net :: HTTPRequest#set_form):添加以支持application / x-www-form-urlencoded和multipart / form-data。
https://ruby-doc.org/stdlib-2.3.1/libdoc/net/http/rdoc/Net/HTTPHeader.html#method-i-set_form
我们甚至可以使用IO
不支持:size
流式处理表单数据的方法。
希望这个答案可以真正帮助某人:)
PS我只在红宝石2.3.1中对此进行了测试
好的,这是一个使用路缘石的简单示例。
require 'yaml'
require 'curb'
# prepare post data
post_data = fields_hash.map { |k, v| Curl::PostField.content(k, v.to_s) }
post_data << Curl::PostField.file('file', '/path/to/file'),
# post
c = Curl::Easy.new('http://localhost:3000/foo')
c.multipart_form_post = true
c.http_post(post_data)
# print response
y [c.response_code, c.body_str]
在我覆盖RestClient :: Payload :: Multipart中的create_file_field之前,restclient对我不起作用。
它正在每个部分中创建一个“ Content-Disposition:multipart / form-data”,其中应为“ Content-Disposition:form-data”。
http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc2388.txt
如果需要,我的叉子在这里:git@github.com:kcrawford / rest-client.git
好的,使用NetHttp的解决方案有一个缺点,那就是在发布大文件时,它将首先将整个文件加载到内存中。
在玩了一点之后,我想到了以下解决方案:
class Multipart
def initialize( file_names )
@file_names = file_names
end
def post( to_url )
boundary = '----RubyMultipartClient' + rand(1000000).to_s + 'ZZZZZ'
parts = []
streams = []
@file_names.each do |param_name, filepath|
pos = filepath.rindex('/')
filename = filepath[pos + 1, filepath.length - pos]
parts << StringPart.new ( "--" + boundary + "\r\n" +
"Content-Disposition: form-data; name=\"" + param_name.to_s + "\"; filename=\"" + filename + "\"\r\n" +
"Content-Type: video/x-msvideo\r\n\r\n")
stream = File.open(filepath, "rb")
streams << stream
parts << StreamPart.new (stream, File.size(filepath))
end
parts << StringPart.new ( "\r\n--" + boundary + "--\r\n" )
post_stream = MultipartStream.new( parts )
url = URI.parse( to_url )
req = Net::HTTP::Post.new(url.path)
req.content_length = post_stream.size
req.content_type = 'multipart/form-data; boundary=' + boundary
req.body_stream = post_stream
res = Net::HTTP.new(url.host, url.port).start {|http| http.request(req) }
streams.each do |stream|
stream.close();
end
res
end
end
class StreamPart
def initialize( stream, size )
@stream, @size = stream, size
end
def size
@size
end
def read ( offset, how_much )
@stream.read ( how_much )
end
end
class StringPart
def initialize ( str )
@str = str
end
def size
@str.length
end
def read ( offset, how_much )
@str[offset, how_much]
end
end
class MultipartStream
def initialize( parts )
@parts = parts
@part_no = 0;
@part_offset = 0;
end
def size
total = 0
@parts.each do |part|
total += part.size
end
total
end
def read ( how_much )
if @part_no >= @parts.size
return nil;
end
how_much_current_part = @parts[@part_no].size - @part_offset
how_much_current_part = if how_much_current_part > how_much
how_much
else
how_much_current_part
end
how_much_next_part = how_much - how_much_current_part
current_part = @parts[@part_no].read(@part_offset, how_much_current_part )
if how_much_next_part > 0
@part_no += 1
@part_offset = 0
next_part = read ( how_much_next_part )
current_part + if next_part
next_part
else
''
end
else
@part_offset += how_much_current_part
current_part
end
end
end
尼克·西格(Nick Sieger)的多篇文章也将添加到一长串可能的解决方案中。
我有同样的问题(需要发布到jboss Web服务器)。在我在代码中使用会话变量时,遏制对我而言工作正常,除了它导致红宝石崩溃(ubuntu 8.10上的红宝石1.8.7)之外。
我研究了其余客户端文档,找不到支持多部分的指示。我尝试了上面的rest-client示例,但是jboss说http帖子不是多篇文章。
这个由多部分组成的gem在Rails 4 Net :: HTTP上可以很好地工作,没有其他特殊的gem
def model_params
require_params = params.require(:model).permit(:param_one, :param_two, :param_three, :avatar)
require_params[:avatar] = model_params[:avatar].present? ? UploadIO.new(model_params[:avatar].tempfile, model_params[:avatar].content_type, model_params[:avatar].original_filename) : nil
require_params
end
require 'net/http/post/multipart'
url = URI.parse('http://www.example.com/upload')
Net::HTTP.start(url.host, url.port) do |http|
req = Net::HTTP::Post::Multipart.new(url, model_params)
key = "authorization_key"
req.add_field("Authorization", key) #add to Headers
http.use_ssl = (url.scheme == "https")
http.request(req)
end