Answers:
正如其他人指出的那样,您应该使用zipfile。该文档告诉您可用的功能,但并未真正说明如何使用它们来压缩整个目录。我认为用一些示例代码来解释是最简单的:
#!/usr/bin/env python
import os
import zipfile
def zipdir(path, ziph):
# ziph is zipfile handle
for root, dirs, files in os.walk(path):
for file in files:
ziph.write(os.path.join(root, file))
if __name__ == '__main__':
zipf = zipfile.ZipFile('Python.zip', 'w', zipfile.ZIP_DEFLATED)
zipdir('tmp/', zipf)
zipf.close()
os.path.relpath(os.path.join(root, file), os.path.join(path, '..'))
。这样一来,您就可以从任何工作目录中压缩目录,而无需在存档中获取完整的绝对路径。
shutil
只需一行就可以轻松完成。请检查下面的答案
.close()
电话!
最简单的方法是使用shutil.make_archive
。它支持zip和tar格式。
import shutil
shutil.make_archive(output_filename, 'zip', dir_name)
如果您需要做的事情比压缩整个目录还要复杂(例如跳过某些文件),那么您将需要zipfile
按照其他人的建议深入研究该模块。
shutil
是标准python库的一部分。这应该是最佳答案
shutil.make_archive
使用os.chdir()
。据我了解os.chdir()
,它在全球范围内运作。
要将内容添加mydirectory
到新的zip文件中,包括所有文件和子目录:
import os
import zipfile
zf = zipfile.ZipFile("myzipfile.zip", "w")
for dirname, subdirs, files in os.walk("mydirectory"):
zf.write(dirname)
for filename in files:
zf.write(os.path.join(dirname, filename))
zf.close()
with
而不是close()
最后必须给自己打电话?
如何在Python中创建目录结构的zip存档?
在Python 2.7+中,shutil
具有make_archive
功能。
from shutil import make_archive
make_archive(
'zipfile_name',
'zip', # the archive format - or tar, bztar, gztar
root_dir=None, # root for archive - current working dir if None
base_dir=None) # start archiving from here - cwd if None too
此处的压缩存档将命名为zipfile_name.zip
。如果base_dir
距离较远root_dir
,它将排除不在中的文件base_dir
,但仍将文件归档在父目录中,直到root_dir
。
我在使用2.7的Cygwin上测试时确实遇到了问题-它需要一个root_dir参数,用于cwd:
make_archive('zipfile_name', 'zip', root_dir='.')
您还可以使用以下zipfile
模块从外壳使用Python :
$ python -m zipfile -c zipname sourcedir
zipname
您想要的目标文件的名称在哪里(.zip
如果需要,可以添加,它将不会自动添加),而sourcedir是目录的路径。
如果你想拉上一个Python包用__init__.py
和__main__.py
,和你不想要的父目录,它是
$ python -m zipfile -c zipname sourcedir/*
和
$ python zipname
将运行该软件包。(请注意,您不能将子包作为压缩存档的入口点运行。)
如果您拥有python3.5 +,并且特别想压缩一个Python包,请使用zipapp:
$ python -m zipapp myapp
$ python myapp.pyz
此功能将递归压缩目录树,压缩文件,并在存档中记录正确的相对文件名。存档条目与生成的条目相同zip -r output.zip source_dir
。
import os
import zipfile
def make_zipfile(output_filename, source_dir):
relroot = os.path.abspath(os.path.join(source_dir, os.pardir))
with zipfile.ZipFile(output_filename, "w", zipfile.ZIP_DEFLATED) as zip:
for root, dirs, files in os.walk(source_dir):
# add directory (needed for empty dirs)
zip.write(root, os.path.relpath(root, relroot))
for file in files:
filename = os.path.join(root, file)
if os.path.isfile(filename): # regular files only
arcname = os.path.join(os.path.relpath(root, relroot), file)
zip.write(filename, arcname)
我对Mark Byers给出的代码进行了一些更改。如果有空目录,下面的函数还会添加空目录。通过示例可以更清楚地了解添加到zip的路径是什么。
#!/usr/bin/env python
import os
import zipfile
def addDirToZip(zipHandle, path, basePath=""):
"""
Adding directory given by \a path to opened zip file \a zipHandle
@param basePath path that will be removed from \a path when adding to archive
Examples:
# add whole "dir" to "test.zip" (when you open "test.zip" you will see only "dir")
zipHandle = zipfile.ZipFile('test.zip', 'w')
addDirToZip(zipHandle, 'dir')
zipHandle.close()
# add contents of "dir" to "test.zip" (when you open "test.zip" you will see only it's contents)
zipHandle = zipfile.ZipFile('test.zip', 'w')
addDirToZip(zipHandle, 'dir', 'dir')
zipHandle.close()
# add contents of "dir/subdir" to "test.zip" (when you open "test.zip" you will see only contents of "subdir")
zipHandle = zipfile.ZipFile('test.zip', 'w')
addDirToZip(zipHandle, 'dir/subdir', 'dir/subdir')
zipHandle.close()
# add whole "dir/subdir" to "test.zip" (when you open "test.zip" you will see only "subdir")
zipHandle = zipfile.ZipFile('test.zip', 'w')
addDirToZip(zipHandle, 'dir/subdir', 'dir')
zipHandle.close()
# add whole "dir/subdir" with full path to "test.zip" (when you open "test.zip" you will see only "dir" and inside it only "subdir")
zipHandle = zipfile.ZipFile('test.zip', 'w')
addDirToZip(zipHandle, 'dir/subdir')
zipHandle.close()
# add whole "dir" and "otherDir" (with full path) to "test.zip" (when you open "test.zip" you will see only "dir" and "otherDir")
zipHandle = zipfile.ZipFile('test.zip', 'w')
addDirToZip(zipHandle, 'dir')
addDirToZip(zipHandle, 'otherDir')
zipHandle.close()
"""
basePath = basePath.rstrip("\\/") + ""
basePath = basePath.rstrip("\\/")
for root, dirs, files in os.walk(path):
# add dir itself (needed for empty dirs
zipHandle.write(os.path.join(root, "."))
# add files
for file in files:
filePath = os.path.join(root, file)
inZipPath = filePath.replace(basePath, "", 1).lstrip("\\/")
#print filePath + " , " + inZipPath
zipHandle.write(filePath, inZipPath)
上面是一个简单函数,适用于简单情况。您可以在我的Gist中找到更优雅的课程:https : //gist.github.com/Eccenux/17526123107ca0ac28e6
现代Python(3.6+)使用该pathlib
模块进行类似于OOP的简洁路径处理和pathlib.Path.rglob()
递归glob。据我所知,这相当于George V. Reilly的答案:压缩压缩,最上面的元素是目录,保留空目录,使用相对路径。
from pathlib import Path
from zipfile import ZIP_DEFLATED, ZipFile
from os import PathLike
from typing import Union
def zip_dir(zip_name: str, source_dir: Union[str, PathLike]):
src_path = Path(source_dir).expanduser().resolve(strict=True)
with ZipFile(zip_name, 'w', ZIP_DEFLATED) as zf:
for file in src_path.rglob('*'):
zf.write(file, file.relative_to(src_path.parent))
注意:如可选类型提示所指示,zip_name
不能是Path对象(将在3.6.2+中修复)。
我有另一个使用python3,pathlib和zipfile可能会有所帮助的代码示例。它应该可以在任何操作系统上运行。
from pathlib import Path
import zipfile
from datetime import datetime
DATE_FORMAT = '%y%m%d'
def date_str():
"""returns the today string year, month, day"""
return '{}'.format(datetime.now().strftime(DATE_FORMAT))
def zip_name(path):
"""returns the zip filename as string"""
cur_dir = Path(path).resolve()
parent_dir = cur_dir.parents[0]
zip_filename = '{}/{}_{}.zip'.format(parent_dir, cur_dir.name, date_str())
p_zip = Path(zip_filename)
n = 1
while p_zip.exists():
zip_filename = ('{}/{}_{}_{}.zip'.format(parent_dir, cur_dir.name,
date_str(), n))
p_zip = Path(zip_filename)
n += 1
return zip_filename
def all_files(path):
"""iterator returns all files and folders from path as absolute path string
"""
for child in Path(path).iterdir():
yield str(child)
if child.is_dir():
for grand_child in all_files(str(child)):
yield str(Path(grand_child))
def zip_dir(path):
"""generate a zip"""
zip_filename = zip_name(path)
zip_file = zipfile.ZipFile(zip_filename, 'w')
print('create:', zip_filename)
for file in all_files(path):
print('adding... ', file)
zip_file.write(file)
zip_file.close()
if __name__ == '__main__':
zip_dir('.')
print('end!')
您可能想看一下zipfile
模块;在http://docs.python.org/library/zipfile.html上有文档。
您可能还想os.walk()
索引目录结构。
这是Nux给出的答案的变体,它对我有用:
def WriteDirectoryToZipFile( zipHandle, srcPath, zipLocalPath = "", zipOperation = zipfile.ZIP_DEFLATED ):
basePath = os.path.split( srcPath )[ 0 ]
for root, dirs, files in os.walk( srcPath ):
p = os.path.join( zipLocalPath, root [ ( len( basePath ) + 1 ) : ] )
# add dir
zipHandle.write( root, p, zipOperation )
# add files
for f in files:
filePath = os.path.join( root, f )
fileInZipPath = os.path.join( p, f )
zipHandle.write( filePath, fileInZipPath, zipOperation )
试试下面的一个。对我有用。
import zipfile, os
zipf = "compress.zip"
def main():
directory = r"Filepath"
toZip(directory)
def toZip(directory):
zippedHelp = zipfile.ZipFile(zipf, "w", compression=zipfile.ZIP_DEFLATED )
list = os.listdir(directory)
for file_list in list:
file_name = os.path.join(directory,file_list)
if os.path.isfile(file_name):
print file_name
zippedHelp.write(file_name)
else:
addFolderToZip(zippedHelp,file_list,directory)
print "---------------Directory Found-----------------------"
zippedHelp.close()
def addFolderToZip(zippedHelp,folder,directory):
path=os.path.join(directory,folder)
print path
file_list=os.listdir(path)
for file_name in file_list:
file_path=os.path.join(path,file_name)
if os.path.isfile(file_path):
zippedHelp.write(file_path)
elif os.path.isdir(file_name):
print "------------------sub directory found--------------------"
addFolderToZip(zippedHelp,file_name,path)
if __name__=="__main__":
main()
如果要使用任何通用图形文件管理器的compress文件夹之类的功能,则可以使用以下代码,它使用zipfile模块。使用此代码,您将获得带有路径的zip文件作为其根文件夹。
import os
import zipfile
def zipdir(path, ziph):
# Iterate all the directories and files
for root, dirs, files in os.walk(path):
# Create a prefix variable with the folder structure inside the path folder.
# So if a file is at the path directory will be at the root directory of the zip file
# so the prefix will be empty. If the file belongs to a containing folder of path folder
# then the prefix will be that folder.
if root.replace(path,'') == '':
prefix = ''
else:
# Keep the folder structure after the path folder, append a '/' at the end
# and remome the first character, if it is a '/' in order to have a path like
# folder1/folder2/file.txt
prefix = root.replace(path, '') + '/'
if (prefix[0] == '/'):
prefix = prefix[1:]
for filename in files:
actual_file_path = root + '/' + filename
zipped_file_path = prefix + filename
zipf.write( actual_file_path, zipped_file_path)
zipf = zipfile.ZipFile('Python.zip', 'w', zipfile.ZIP_DEFLATED)
zipdir('/tmp/justtest/', zipf)
zipf.close()
为了提供更大的灵活性,例如,按名称选择目录/文件,请使用:
import os
import zipfile
def zipall(ob, path, rel=""):
basename = os.path.basename(path)
if os.path.isdir(path):
if rel == "":
rel = basename
ob.write(path, os.path.join(rel))
for root, dirs, files in os.walk(path):
for d in dirs:
zipall(ob, os.path.join(root, d), os.path.join(rel, d))
for f in files:
ob.write(os.path.join(root, f), os.path.join(rel, f))
break
elif os.path.isfile(path):
ob.write(path, os.path.join(rel, basename))
else:
pass
对于文件树:
.
├── dir
│ ├── dir2
│ │ └── file2.txt
│ ├── dir3
│ │ └── file3.txt
│ └── file.txt
├── dir4
│ ├── dir5
│ └── file4.txt
├── listdir.zip
├── main.py
├── root.txt
└── selective.zip
您可以例如仅选择dir4
和root.txt
:
cwd = os.getcwd()
files = [os.path.join(cwd, f) for f in ['dir4', 'root.txt']]
with zipfile.ZipFile("selective.zip", "w" ) as myzip:
for f in files:
zipall(myzip, f)
或者只是listdir
在脚本调用目录中,然后从此处添加所有内容:
with zipfile.ZipFile("listdir.zip", "w" ) as myzip:
for f in os.listdir():
if f == "listdir.zip":
# Creating a listdir.zip in the same directory
# will include listdir.zip inside itself, beware of this
continue
zipall(myzip, f)
假设您要压缩当前目录中的所有文件夹(子目录)。
for root, dirs, files in os.walk("."):
for sub_dir in dirs:
zip_you_want = sub_dir+".zip"
zip_process = zipfile.ZipFile(zip_you_want, "w", zipfile.ZIP_DEFLATED)
zip_process.write(file_you_want_to_include)
zip_process.close()
print("Successfully zipped directory: {sub_dir}".format(sub_dir=sub_dir))
为了将文件夹层次结构保留在要归档的父目录下的简洁方法:
import glob
import zipfile
with zipfile.ZipFile(fp_zip, "w", zipfile.ZIP_DEFLATED) as zipf:
for fp in glob(os.path.join(parent, "**/*")):
base = os.path.commonpath([parent, fp])
zipf.write(fp, arcname=fp.replace(base, ""))
如果需要,可以将其更改为pathlib
用于文件globbing。
这里有这么多答案,我希望我可以为自己的版本做出贡献,该版本基于原始答案(顺便说一句),但具有更多图形化的视角,还为每个zipfile
设置和排序使用了上下文os.walk()
,以便获得有序输出。
具有这些文件夹及其文件(以及其他文件夹),我想.zip
为每个cap_
文件夹创建一个:
$ tree -d
.
├── cap_01
| ├── 0101000001.json
| ├── 0101000002.json
| ├── 0101000003.json
|
├── cap_02
| ├── 0201000001.json
| ├── 0201000002.json
| ├── 0201001003.json
|
├── cap_03
| ├── 0301000001.json
| ├── 0301000002.json
| ├── 0301000003.json
|
├── docs
| ├── map.txt
| ├── main_data.xml
|
├── core_files
├── core_master
├── core_slave
这是我应用的内容,并带有注释,以使您更好地理解该过程。
$ cat zip_cap_dirs.py
""" Zip 'cap_*' directories. """
import os
import zipfile as zf
for root, dirs, files in sorted(os.walk('.')):
if 'cap_' in root:
print(f"Compressing: {root}")
# Defining .zip name, according to Capítulo.
cap_dir_zip = '{}.zip'.format(root)
# Opening zipfile context for current root dir.
with zf.ZipFile(cap_dir_zip, 'w', zf.ZIP_DEFLATED) as new_zip:
# Iterating over os.walk list of files for the current root dir.
for f in files:
# Defining relative path to files from current root dir.
f_path = os.path.join(root, f)
# Writing the file on the .zip file of the context
new_zip.write(f_path)
基本上,每次迭代过os.walk(path)
,我打开了情境zipfile
设置,之后,迭代循环访问files
,这是一个list
从文件root
目录,形成了基于当前的每个文件的相对路径root
的目录,附加到zipfile
其运行的背景下。
输出显示如下:
$ python3 zip_cap_dirs.py
Compressing: ./cap_01
Compressing: ./cap_02
Compressing: ./cap_03
要查看每个.zip
目录的内容,可以使用以下less
命令:
$ less cap_01.zip
Archive: cap_01.zip
Length Method Size Cmpr Date Time CRC-32 Name
-------- ------ ------- ---- ---------- ----- -------- ----
22017 Defl:N 2471 89% 2019-09-05 08:05 7a3b5ec6 cap_01/0101000001.json
21998 Defl:N 2471 89% 2019-09-05 08:05 155bece7 cap_01/0101000002.json
23236 Defl:N 2573 89% 2019-09-05 08:05 55fced20 cap_01/0101000003.json
-------- ------- --- -------
67251 7515 89% 3 files
这是使用pathlib和上下文管理器的一种现代方法。将文件直接放在zip中,而不放在子文件夹中。
def zip_dir(filename: str, dir_to_zip: pathlib.Path):
with zipfile.ZipFile(filename, 'w', zipfile.ZIP_DEFLATED) as zipf:
# Use glob instead of iterdir(), to cover all subdirectories.
for directory in dir_to_zip.glob('**'):
for file in directory.iterdir():
if not file.is_file():
continue
# Strip the first component, so we don't create an uneeded subdirectory
# containing everything.
zip_path = pathlib.Path(*file.parts[1:])
# Use a string, since zipfile doesn't support pathlib directly.
zipf.write(str(file), str(zip_path))
我通过将Mark Byers的解决方案与Reimund和Morten Zilmer的注释(相对路径,包括空目录)合并在一起来准备函数。最佳实践with
是在ZipFile的文件构造中使用。
该函数还准备一个默认的zip文件名,带有压缩的目录名和'.zip'扩展名。因此,它仅适用于一个参数:要压缩的源目录。
import os
import zipfile
def zip_dir(path_dir, path_file_zip=''):
if not path_file_zip:
path_file_zip = os.path.join(
os.path.dirname(path_dir), os.path.basename(path_dir)+'.zip')
with zipfile.ZipFile(path_file_zip, 'wb', zipfile.ZIP_DEFLATED) as zip_file:
for root, dirs, files in os.walk(path_dir):
for file_or_dir in files + dirs:
zip_file.write(
os.path.join(root, file_or_dir),
os.path.relpath(os.path.join(root, file_or_dir),
os.path.join(path_dir, os.path.pardir)))
# import required python modules
# You have to install zipfile package using pip install
import os,zipfile
# Change the directory where you want your new zip file to be
os.chdir('Type your destination')
# Create a new zipfile ( I called it myfile )
zf = zipfile.ZipFile('myfile.zip','w')
# os.walk gives a directory tree. Access the files using a for loop
for dirnames,folders,files in os.walk('Type your directory'):
zf.write('Type your Directory')
for file in files:
zf.write(os.path.join('Type your directory',file))
好了,在阅读建议之后,我想到了一种与2.7.x相似的方式,而不创建“有趣的”目录名称(类似绝对的名称),并且只会在zip中创建指定的文件夹。
或者,以防万一您需要您的zip包含一个包含所选目录内容的文件夹。
def zipDir( path, ziph ) :
"""
Inserts directory (path) into zipfile instance (ziph)
"""
for root, dirs, files in os.walk( path ) :
for file in files :
ziph.write( os.path.join( root, file ) , os.path.basename( os.path.normpath( path ) ) + "\\" + file )
def makeZip( pathToFolder ) :
"""
Creates a zip file with the specified folder
"""
zipf = zipfile.ZipFile( pathToFolder + 'file.zip', 'w', zipfile.ZIP_DEFLATED )
zipDir( pathToFolder, zipf )
zipf.close()
print( "Zip file saved to: " + pathToFolder)
makeZip( "c:\\path\\to\\folder\\to\\insert\\into\\zipfile" )
创建zip文件的功能。
def CREATEZIPFILE(zipname, path):
#function to create a zip file
#Parameters: zipname - name of the zip file; path - name of folder/file to be put in zip file
zipf = zipfile.ZipFile(zipname, 'w', zipfile.ZIP_DEFLATED)
zipf.setpassword(b"password") #if you want to set password to zipfile
#checks if the path is file or directory
if os.path.isdir(path):
for files in os.listdir(path):
zipf.write(os.path.join(path, files), files)
elif os.path.isfile(path):
zipf.write(os.path.join(path), path)
zipf.close()
make_archive
from来进一步解决shutil
(如果您要递归压缩单个目录)。