我将数据存储在字节数组中。如何将这些数据转换为十六进制字符串?
我的字节数组示例:
array_alpha = [ 133, 53, 234, 241 ]
我将数据存储在字节数组中。如何将这些数据转换为十六进制字符串?
我的字节数组示例:
array_alpha = [ 133, 53, 234, 241 ]
Answers:
使用str.format
:
>>> array_alpha = [ 133, 53, 234, 241 ]
>>> print ''.join('{:02x}'.format(x) for x in array_alpha)
8535eaf1
或使用 format
>>> print ''.join(format(x, '02x') for x in array_alpha)
8535eaf1
注意:在format语句中,
02
表示0
在必要时最多填充2个前导s。这很重要,因为[0x1, 0x1, 0x1] i.e. (0x010101)
它将被格式化为"111"
而不是"010101"
或bytearray
与配合使用binascii.hexlify
:
>>> import binascii
>>> binascii.hexlify(bytearray(array_alpha))
'8535eaf1'
这是Python 3.6.1中上述方法的基准:
from timeit import timeit
import binascii
number = 10000
def using_str_format() -> str:
return "".join("{:02x}".format(x) for x in test_obj)
def using_format() -> str:
return "".join(format(x, "02x") for x in test_obj)
def using_hexlify() -> str:
return binascii.hexlify(bytearray(test_obj)).decode('ascii')
def do_test():
print("Testing with {}-byte {}:".format(len(test_obj), test_obj.__class__.__name__))
if using_str_format() != using_format() != using_hexlify():
raise RuntimeError("Results are not the same")
print("Using str.format -> " + str(timeit(using_str_format, number=number)))
print("Using format -> " + str(timeit(using_format, number=number)))
print("Using binascii.hexlify -> " + str(timeit(using_hexlify, number=number)))
test_obj = bytes([i for i in range(255)])
do_test()
test_obj = bytearray([i for i in range(255)])
do_test()
结果:
Testing with 255-byte bytes:
Using str.format -> 1.459474583090427
Using format -> 1.5809937679100738
Using binascii.hexlify -> 0.014521426401399307
Testing with 255-byte bytearray:
Using str.format -> 1.443447684109402
Using format -> 1.5608712609513171
Using binascii.hexlify -> 0.014114164661833684
使用的方法format
的确提供了其他格式选项,例如,用空格" ".join
,逗号", ".join
,大写字母"{:02X}".format(x)
/format(x, "02X")
等分隔数字,但是会影响性能。
b'8535eaf1'
我的系统,这是b
什么?
bytes
对象。
return bytes objects
-字节对象的手段?像int
物体?
Built-in Types - Bytes
。
b'8535eaf1'.decode()
考虑十六进制()方法的的bytes
关于Python 3.5和至多类型:
>>> array_alpha = [ 133, 53, 234, 241 ]
>>> print(bytes(array_alpha).hex())
8535eaf1
编辑:它也快得多hexlify
(上面修改的@falsetru的基准)
from timeit import timeit
N = 10000
print("bytearray + hexlify ->", timeit(
'binascii.hexlify(data).decode("ascii")',
setup='import binascii; data = bytearray(range(255))',
number=N,
))
print("byte + hex ->", timeit(
'data.hex()',
setup='data = bytes(range(255))',
number=N,
))
结果:
bytearray + hexlify -> 0.011218150997592602
byte + hex -> 0.005952142993919551
如果您有一个numpy数组,则可以执行以下操作:
>>> import numpy as np
>>> a = np.array([133, 53, 234, 241])
>>> a.astype(np.uint8).data.hex()
'8535eaf1'
bytearray([133, 53, 234, 241]).hex()
或者,如果您喜欢函数式编程:
>>> a = [133, 53, 234, 241]
>>> "".join(map(lambda b: format(b, "02x"), a))
8535eaf1
>>>