如何异步使用HttpWebRequest(.NET,C#)?
如何异步使用HttpWebRequest(.NET,C#)?
Answers:
用 HttpWebRequest.BeginGetResponse()
HttpWebRequest webRequest;
void StartWebRequest()
{
webRequest.BeginGetResponse(new AsyncCallback(FinishWebRequest), null);
}
void FinishWebRequest(IAsyncResult result)
{
webRequest.EndGetResponse(result);
}
异步操作完成后,将调用回调函数。您至少需要EndGetResponse()
从此函数调用。
webRequest.Proxy = null
以大大加快请求的速度。
考虑答案:
HttpWebRequest webRequest;
void StartWebRequest()
{
webRequest.BeginGetResponse(new AsyncCallback(FinishWebRequest), null);
}
void FinishWebRequest(IAsyncResult result)
{
webRequest.EndGetResponse(result);
}
您可以发送请求指针或任何其他对象,如下所示:
void StartWebRequest()
{
HttpWebRequest webRequest = ...;
webRequest.BeginGetResponse(new AsyncCallback(FinishWebRequest), webRequest);
}
void FinishWebRequest(IAsyncResult result)
{
HttpWebResponse response = (result.AsyncState as HttpWebRequest).EndGetResponse(result) as HttpWebResponse;
}
问候
到目前为止,每个人都错了,因为BeginGetResponse()
在当前线程上有一些工作。从文档中:
在此方法变为异步之前,BeginGetResponse方法需要完成一些同步设置任务(例如DNS解析,代理检测和TCP套接字连接)。因此,永远不要在用户界面(UI)线程上调用此方法,因为在引发错误或抛出错误之前,它可能需要花费相当多的时间(取决于网络设置,最多需要几分钟)才能完成初始同步设置任务。该方法成功。
为此,请执行以下操作:
void DoWithResponse(HttpWebRequest request, Action<HttpWebResponse> responseAction)
{
Action wrapperAction = () =>
{
request.BeginGetResponse(new AsyncCallback((iar) =>
{
var response = (HttpWebResponse)((HttpWebRequest)iar.AsyncState).EndGetResponse(iar);
responseAction(response);
}), request);
};
wrapperAction.BeginInvoke(new AsyncCallback((iar) =>
{
var action = (Action)iar.AsyncState;
action.EndInvoke(iar);
}), wrapperAction);
}
然后,您可以通过响应执行所需的操作。例如:
HttpWebRequest request;
// init your request...then:
DoWithResponse(request, (response) => {
var body = new StreamReader(response.GetResponseStream()).ReadToEnd();
Console.Write(body);
});
到目前为止,最简单的方法是使用TaskFactory.FromAsync从TPL。与新的async / await关键字结合使用时,实际上是几行代码:
var request = WebRequest.Create("http://www.stackoverflow.com");
var response = (HttpWebResponse) await Task.Factory
.FromAsync<WebResponse>(request.BeginGetResponse,
request.EndGetResponse,
null);
Debug.Assert(response.StatusCode == HttpStatusCode.OK);
如果您不能使用C#5编译器,则可以使用Task.ContinueWith方法完成上述操作:
Task.Factory.FromAsync<WebResponse>(request.BeginGetResponse,
request.EndGetResponse,
null)
.ContinueWith(task =>
{
var response = (HttpWebResponse) task.Result;
Debug.Assert(response.StatusCode == HttpStatusCode.OK);
});
我最终使用了BackgroundWorker,它与上面的某些解决方案不同,它绝对是异步的,它可以为您处理返回GUI线程的过程,而且非常容易理解。
处理异常也很容易,因为它们最终出现在RunWorkerCompleted方法中,但是请确保阅读以下内容:BackgroundWorker中的未处理异常
我使用了WebClient,但是如果您愿意,显然可以使用HttpWebRequest.GetResponse。
var worker = new BackgroundWorker();
worker.DoWork += (sender, args) => {
args.Result = new WebClient().DownloadString(settings.test_url);
};
worker.RunWorkerCompleted += (sender, e) => {
if (e.Error != null) {
connectivityLabel.Text = "Error: " + e.Error.Message;
} else {
connectivityLabel.Text = "Connectivity OK";
Log.d("result:" + e.Result);
}
};
connectivityLabel.Text = "Testing Connectivity";
worker.RunWorkerAsync();
public static async Task<byte[]> GetBytesAsync(string url) {
var request = (HttpWebRequest)WebRequest.Create(url);
using (var response = await request.GetResponseAsync())
using (var content = new MemoryStream())
using (var responseStream = response.GetResponseStream()) {
await responseStream.CopyToAsync(content);
return content.ToArray();
}
}
public static async Task<string> GetStringAsync(string url) {
var bytes = await GetBytesAsync(url);
return Encoding.UTF8.GetString(bytes, 0, bytes.Length);
}
自发布许多答案以来,.NET发生了变化,我想提供一个最新的答案。使用异步方法来启动Task
将在后台线程上运行的方法:
private async Task<String> MakeRequestAsync(String url)
{
String responseText = await Task.Run(() =>
{
try
{
HttpWebRequest request = WebRequest.Create(url) as HttpWebRequest;
WebResponse response = request.GetResponse();
Stream responseStream = response.GetResponseStream();
return new StreamReader(responseStream).ReadToEnd();
}
catch (Exception e)
{
Console.WriteLine("Error: " + e.Message);
}
return null;
});
return responseText;
}
要使用异步方法:
String response = await MakeRequestAsync("http://example.com/");
更新:
该解决方案不适用于使用WebRequest.GetResponseAsync()
而不是的UWP应用WebRequest.GetResponse()
,并且不会Dispose()
在适当的地方调用方法。@dragansr有一个很好的替代解决方案,可以解决这些问题。
WebRequest.GetResponseAsync()
并且StreamReader.ReadToEndAync()
需要使用和等待。
public void GetResponseAsync (HttpWebRequest request, Action<HttpWebResponse> gotResponse)
{
if (request != null) {
request.BeginGetRequestStream ((r) => {
try { // there's a try/catch here because execution path is different from invokation one, exception here may cause a crash
HttpWebResponse response = request.EndGetResponse (r);
if (gotResponse != null)
gotResponse (response);
} catch (Exception x) {
Console.WriteLine ("Unable to get response for '" + request.RequestUri + "' Err: " + x);
}
}, null);
}
}