尝试为python安装Postgres时出错（psycopg2）

78

我试图将psycopg2安装到我的环境中，但是出现以下错误：

(venv)avlahop@apostolos-laptop:~/development/django/rhombus-dental$ sudo pip install psycopg2
Downloading/unpacking psycopg2,
Downloading psycopg2-2.5.2.tar.gz (685kB): 685kB downloaded
Running setup.py egg_info for package psycopg2

Installing collected packages: psycopg2
  Running setup.py install for psycopg2
    building 'psycopg2._psycopg' extension
    x86_64-linux-gnu-gcc -pthread -fno-strict-aliasing -DNDEBUG -g -fwrapv -O2 -Wall Wstrict-prototypes -fPIC -DPSYCOPG_DEFAULT_PYDATETIME=1 -DPSYCOPG_VERSION="2.5.2 (dt dec pq3 ext)" -DPG_VERSION_HEX=0x09010D -DPSYCOPG_EXTENSIONS=1 -DPSYCOPG_NEW_BOOLEAN=1 -DHAVE_PQFREEMEM=1 -I/usr/include/python2.7 -I. -I/usr/include/postgresql -I/usr/include/postgresql/9.1/server -c psycopg/psycopgmodule.c -o build/temp.linux-x86_64-2.7/psycopg/psycopgmodule.o -Wdeclaration-after-statement
    In file included from psycopg/psycopgmodule.c:27:0:
    ./psycopg/psycopg.h:30:20: fatal error: Python.h: Δεν υπάρχει τέτοιο αρχείο ή κατάλογος
     #include <Python.h>
                    ^
    compilation terminated.
    error: command 'x86_64-linux-gnu-gcc' failed with exit status 1
    Complete output from command /usr/bin/python -c "import setuptools;__file__='/tmp/pip_build_root/psycopg2/setup.py';exec(compile(open(__file__).read().replace('\r\n', '\n'), __file__, 'exec'))" install --record /tmp/pip-SgfQCA-record/install-record.txt --single-version-externally-managed:
running install

running build

running build_py

creating build

creating build/lib.linux-x86_64-2.7

creating build/lib.linux-x86_64-2.7/psycopg2

copying lib/pool.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-2.7/psycopg2

copying lib/errorcodes.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-2.7/psycopg2

copying lib/__init__.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-2.7/psycopg2

copying lib/_json.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-2.7/psycopg2

copying lib/_range.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-2.7/psycopg2

copying lib/extensions.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-2.7/psycopg2

copying lib/psycopg1.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-2.7/psycopg2

copying lib/tz.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-2.7/psycopg2

copying lib/extras.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-2.7/psycopg2

creating build/lib.linux-x86_64-2.7/psycopg2/tests

copying tests/testconfig.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-2.7/psycopg2/tests

copyng tests/test_bug_gc.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-2.7/psycopg2/tests

copying tests/test_dates.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-2.7/psycopg2/tests

copying tests/test_copy.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-2.7/psycopg2/tests

copying tests/test_cancel.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-2.7/psycopg2/tests

copying tests/test_bugX000.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-2.7/psycopg2/tests

copying tests/test_extras_dictcursor.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-2.7/psycopg2/tests

copying tests/test_psycopg2_dbapi20.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-2.7/psycopg2/tests

copying tests/test_types_basic.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-2.7/psycopg2/tests

copying tests/test_async.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-2.7/psycopg2/tests

copying tests/test_lobject.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-2.7/psycopg2/tests

copying tests/test_cursor.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-2.7/psycopg2/tests

copying tests/test_with.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-2.7/psycopg2/tests

copying tests/__init__.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-2.7/psycopg2/tests

copying tests/test_types_extras.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-2.7/psycopg2/tests

copying tests/testutils.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-2.7/psycopg2/tests

copying tests/test_notify.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-2.7/psycopg2/tests

copying tests/test_green.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-2.7/psycopg2/tests

copying tests/test_quote.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-2.7/psycopg2/tests

copying tests/test_connection.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-2.7/psycopg2/tests

copying tests/test_transaction.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-2.7/psycopg2/tests

copying tests/dbapi20.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-2.7/psycopg2/tests

copying tests/test_module.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-2.7/psycopg2/tests

copying tests/dbapi20_tpc.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-2.7/psycopg2/tests

running build_ext

building 'psycopg2._psycopg' extension

creating build/temp.linux-x86_64-2.7

creating build/temp.linux-x86_64-2.7/psycopg

x86_64-linux-gnu-gcc -pthread -fno-strict-aliasing -DNDEBUG -g -fwrapv -O2 -Wall -Wstrict-prototypes -fPIC -DPSYCOPG_DEFAULT_PYDATETIME=1 -DPSYCOPG_VERSION="2.5.2 (dt dec pq3 ext)" -DPG_VERSION_HEX=0x09010D -DPSYCOPG_EXTENSIONS=1 -DPSYCOPG_NEW_BOOLEAN=1 -DHAVE_PQFREEMEM=1 -I/usr/include/python2.7 -I. -I/usr/include/postgresql -I/usr/include/postgresql/9.1/server -c psycopg/psycopgmodule.c -o build/temp.linux-x86_64-2.7/psycopg/psycopgmodule.o -Wdeclaration-after-statement

In file included from psycopg/psycopgmodule.c:27:0:

./psycopg/psycopg.h:30:20: fatal error: Python.h: No such file or directory
 #include <Python.h>

                ^

compilation terminated.

error: command 'x86_64-linux-gnu-gcc' failed with exit status 1

----------------------------------------
Cleaning up...
Command /usr/bin/python -c "import setuptools;__file__='/tmp/pip_build_root/psycopg2/setup.py';exec(compile(open(__file__).read().replace('\r\n', '\n'), __file__, 'exec'))" install --record /tmp/pip-SgfQCA-record/install-record.txt --single-version-externally-managed failed with error code 1 in /tmp/pip_build_root/psycopg2
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "/usr/bin/pip", line 9, in <module>
    load_entry_point('pip==1.4.1', 'console_scripts', 'pip')()
  File "/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/pip/__init__.py", line 148, in main
    return command.main(args[1:], options)
  File "/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/pip/basecommand.py", line 169, in main
    text = '\n'.join(complete_log)
UnicodeDecodeError: 'ascii' codec can't decode byte 0xce in position 54: ordinal not in range(128)

尝试安装gunicorn时也会出现错误。我在这里遵循了这个示例，但是什么也没有。我的虚拟环境是使用--no-site-packages标志创建的。我使用ubuntu 13.10和希腊环境。也许就是这样吗？

python  django  heroku  psycopg2 
— 阿波斯托洛斯
source
10
您是否已python-dev安装软件包？如果这是基于Debian的发行版（例如Ubuntu），请尝试apt-get install python-dev然后重试psycopg2安装。为了编译用C或C ++编写的Python扩展，它是必需的。
— lanzz 2014年
谢谢...它的工作！
— Apostolos 2014年
2
值得注意的是，如果您使用的是非Debian发行版，则需要使用yum install python-devel。除了播种混乱和混乱之外，差异的原因使我无所适从。
— 理查德D
好问题，应该予以表决
— Timo
1
@RichardD我如何用yum为Python3安装python-devel？
— 约书亚·戈麦斯

Answers:

161

该python-dev软件包是编译用C或C ++编写的Python扩展所必需的，例如psycopg2。如果您正在运行基于Debian的发行版（例如Ubuntu），则可以python-dev通过运行安装

sudo apt install python-dev

要么

sudo apt install python3-dev

取决于您的python版本（例如sudo apt install python3.8-dev）。

之后，照常继续psycopg2在您的virtualenv环境中安装。

— 兰兹
source
13
如果您使用的是python 3，则可能无法（或可能绝对无法运行），您需要这样做apt-get install python3-dev。
— Paul Whalen 2014年
16
我必须apt-get install python3.5-dev为python 3.5做
— 或者Duan
7
同样适用于python3.7-dev🤔–
— Nik
2
同样python3.8-dev！
— marou
2
我觉得可能是一个模式在这里...🧐
— lanzz
37

对于Ubuntu 14.04，从Docker镜像开始，python:3.4.3-slim这种组合对我有用：

sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install -y build-essential
sudo apt-get install -y python3.4-dev
sudo apt-get install -y libpq-dev

pip3 install psycopg2

注意build-essential包装。就我而言，这至关重要。

— neciu
source
4
构建基础对我也是如此。使用Ubuntu 16.04和Python 2.7.12
— wilblack
同样在这里！build-essential是丢失的那一块。
— ankush981 '17
Ubuntu 16.04，Python 3.5，对我来说也一样–缺少必需的构建。
— Max Malysh
3

首先安装python-dev

sudo apt-get install python-dev

并建议使用此方法：

这与终端的编码未设置为UTF-8有关。这是我的终端：

$ echo $LANG
es_UY.UTF-8
$ python
Python 2.7.3 (default, Apr 20 2012, 22:39:59) 
[GCC 4.6.3] on linux2
Type "help", "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information.
>>> s = '(\xef\xbd\xa1\xef\xbd\xa5\xcf\x89\xef\xbd\xa5\xef\xbd\xa1)\xef\xbe\x89'
>>> s1 = s.decode('utf-8')
>>> print s1
(｡･ω･｡)ﾉ
>>>

如果我未设置，则会遇到与您相同的错误：

$ unset LANG
$ python
Python 2.7.3 (default, Apr 20 2012, 22:39:59) 
[GCC 4.6.3] on linux2
Type "help", "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information.
>>> s = '(\xef\xbd\xa1\xef\xbd\xa5\xcf\x89\xef\xbd\xa5\xef\xbd\xa1)\xef\xbe\x89'
>>> s1 = s.decode('utf-8')
>>> print s1
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "<stdin>", line 1, in <module>
UnicodeEncodeError: 'ascii' codec can't encode characters in position 1-5: ordinal not in range(128)
>>>
— Sandino
source
1
unicode错误与可视化有关。实际的致命错误是无法找到Python.h头文件。
— lanzz 2014年
1
谢谢，我还必须安装服务器dev：sudo apt-get install postgresql-server-dev-9.1或9.3（如果使用postgres 9.3）
— radtek
3

Debian： 

sudo apt-get install gcc
— 保罗·肯乔拉
source
为什么这被否决？这为我解决了这个问题。GCC不是默认在Ubuntu预装19.
— Saturnix
2

对于最新的Python 3.7，我必须安装python3.7-dev：

sudo apt-get install -y python3.7-dev

— 尼克
source
2

我尝试了所有解决方案，但只能在

pip install psycopg2-binary

安装lib之后，您可以import psycopg2 在python文件中使用，然后再进行数据库连接配置

— RaviPatidar
source
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