有没有办法在Swift中设置关联对象？

来自目标C的您可以objc_setAssociatedObject在2个对象之间调用函数以使它们维护一个引用，如果在运行时您不希望在删除该对象的引用之前也不要破坏该对象的话，这会很方便。迅捷有与此类似的东西吗？

这是一个从jckarter的答案获得的简单但完整的示例。

它显示了如何向现有类添加新属性。它通过在扩展块中定义计算属性来实现。计算的属性存储为关联的对象：

import ObjectiveC

// Declare a global var to produce a unique address as the assoc object handle
private var AssociatedObjectHandle: UInt8 = 0

extension MyClass {
    var stringProperty:String {
        get {
            return objc_getAssociatedObject(self, &AssociatedObjectHandle) as! String
        }
        set {
            objc_setAssociatedObject(self, &AssociatedObjectHandle, newValue, objc_AssociationPolicy.OBJC_ASSOCIATION_RETAIN_NONATOMIC)
        }
    }
}

编辑：

如果需要支持获取未初始化属性的值并避免发生错误unexpectedly found nil while unwrapping an Optional value，则可以按以下方式修改getter：

    get {
        return objc_getAssociatedObject(self, &AssociatedObjectHandle) as? String ?? ""
    }

该解决方案还支持所有值类型，不仅支持自动桥接的值类型，例如String，Int，Double等。

包装纸

import ObjectiveC

final class Lifted<T> {
    let value: T
    init(_ x: T) {
        value = x
    }
}

private func lift<T>(x: T) -> Lifted<T>  {
    return Lifted(x)
}

func setAssociatedObject<T>(object: AnyObject, value: T, associativeKey: UnsafePointer<Void>, policy: objc_AssociationPolicy) {
    if let v: AnyObject = value as? AnyObject {
        objc_setAssociatedObject(object, associativeKey, v,  policy)
    }
    else {
        objc_setAssociatedObject(object, associativeKey, lift(value),  policy)
    }
}

func getAssociatedObject<T>(object: AnyObject, associativeKey: UnsafePointer<Void>) -> T? {
    if let v = objc_getAssociatedObject(object, associativeKey) as? T {
        return v
    }
    else if let v = objc_getAssociatedObject(object, associativeKey) as? Lifted<T> {
        return v.value
    }
    else {
        return nil
    }
}

可能的 Class扩展（用法示例）

extension UIView {

    private struct AssociatedKey {
        static var viewExtension = "viewExtension"
    }

    var referenceTransform: CGAffineTransform? {
        get {
            return getAssociatedObject(self, associativeKey: &AssociatedKey.viewExtension)
        }

        set {
            if let value = newValue {
                setAssociatedObject(self, value: value, associativeKey: &AssociatedKey.viewExtension, policy: objc_AssociationPolicy.OBJC_ASSOCIATION_RETAIN_NONATOMIC)
            }
        }
    }
}

显然，这仅适用于Objective-C对象。经过一些摆弄之后，以下是在Swift中进行调用的方法：

import ObjectiveC

// Define a variable whose address we'll use as key.
// "let" doesn't work here.
var kSomeKey = "s"

…

func someFunc() {
    objc_setAssociatedObject(target, &kSomeKey, value, UInt(OBJC_ASSOCIATION_RETAIN))

    let value : AnyObject! = objc_getAssociatedObject(target, &kSomeKey)
}

在Swift 3.0中进行更新例如，这是一个UITextField

import Foundation
import UIKit
import ObjectiveC

// Declare a global var to produce a unique address as the assoc object handle
var AssociatedObjectHandle: UInt8 = 0

extension UITextField
{
    var nextTextField:UITextField {
    get {
        return objc_getAssociatedObject(self, &AssociatedObjectHandle) as! UITextField
    }
    set {
        objc_setAssociatedObject(self, &AssociatedObjectHandle, newValue, .OBJC_ASSOCIATION_RETAIN_NONATOMIC)
        }
    }
}

Klaas仅为Swift 2.1回答：

import ObjectiveC

let value = NSUUID().UUIDString
var associationKey: UInt8 = 0

objc_setAssociatedObject(parentObject, &associationKey, value, objc_AssociationPolicy.OBJC_ASSOCIATION_RETAIN_NONATOMIC)

let fetchedValue = objc_getAssociatedObject(parentObject, &associationKey) as! String

我写了一个需要Swift 5.1的现代助手。

/*
 AssociatedObject.swift

 Copyright © 2020 RFUI.
 https://github.com/BB9z/iOS-Project-Template

 The MIT License
 https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT
 */

import Foundation

/**
 Objective-C associated value wrapper.

 Usage

 ```
 private let fooAssociation = AssociatedObject<String>()
 extension SomeObject {
     var foo: String? {
         get { fooAssociation[self] }
         set { fooAssociation[self] = newValue }
     }
 }
 ```
 */
public final class AssociatedObject<T> {
    private let policy: objc_AssociationPolicy

    /// Creates an associated value wrapper.
    /// - Parameter policy: The policy for the association.
    public init(policy: objc_AssociationPolicy = .OBJC_ASSOCIATION_RETAIN_NONATOMIC) {
        self.policy = policy
    }

    /// Accesses the associated value.
    /// - Parameter index: The source object for the association.
    public subscript(index: AnyObject) -> T? {
        get { objc_getAssociatedObject(index, Unmanaged.passUnretained(self).toOpaque()) as? T }
        set { objc_setAssociatedObject(index, Unmanaged.passUnretained(self).toOpaque(), newValue, policy) }
    }
}

您可能会惊讶于它甚至免费支持Swift结构。

只需添加#import <objc/runtime.h>您的桥接头文件，以快速代码访问objc_setAssociatedObject

上面的朋友回答了您的问题，但是如果它与闭包属性有关，请注意：

```

import UIKit
public extension UICollectionView {

typealias XYRearrangeNewDataBlock = (_ newData: [Any]) -> Void
typealias XYRearrangeOriginaDataBlock = () -> [Any]

// MARK:- associat key
private struct xy_associatedKeys {
    static var originalDataBlockKey = "xy_originalDataBlockKey"
    static var newDataBlockKey = "xy_newDataBlockKey"
}


private class BlockContainer {
    var rearrangeNewDataBlock: XYRearrangeNewDataBlock?
    var rearrangeOriginaDataBlock: XYRearrangeOriginaDataBlock?
}


private var newDataBlock: BlockContainer? {
    get {
        if let newDataBlock = objc_getAssociatedObject(self, &xy_associatedKeys.newDataBlockKey) as? BlockContainer {
            return newDataBlock
        }
        return nil
    }

    set(newValue) {
        objc_setAssociatedObject(self, xy_associatedKeys.newDataBlockKey, newValue, .OBJC_ASSOCIATION_COPY_NONATOMIC)
    }
}
convenience init(collectionVewFlowLayout : UICollectionViewFlowLayout, originalDataBlock: @escaping XYRearrangeOriginaDataBlock, newDataBlock:  @escaping XYRearrangeNewDataBlock) {
    self.init()


    let blockContainer: BlockContainer = BlockContainer()
    blockContainer.rearrangeNewDataBlock = newDataBlock
    blockContainer.rearrangeOriginaDataBlock = originalDataBlock
    self.newDataBlock = blockContainer
}

```