spec / rails_helper.rb与spec / spec_helper.rb有何不同？我需要吗？

我第二次在做Rails教程。当我输入这个

rails generate integration_test static_pages

我得到了spec/rails_helper.rb，spec/spec_helper.rb而不仅仅是spec/spec_helper.rb

现在，当我运行测试时，它们比上次执行时更长（更“冗长”）并且更慢。我想知道两个文件之间的区别是什么，以及我做错了什么。另外，有没有一种方法可以摆脱rails_helper.rb文件而又不会弄乱一切？

rspec-rails 3生成spec_helper.rb和rails_helper.rb。spec_helper.rb适用于不依赖Rails的规范（例如lib目录中类的规范）。rails_helper.rb适用于确实依赖Rails的规范（在Rails项目中，大多数或全部）。rails_helper.rb要求spec_helper.rb。所以不，不要摆脱rails_helper.rb；spec_helper.rb在您的规格中要求（而不是）。

如果您希望不依赖于Rails的规范强制要求它们不依赖于Rails，并且在单独运行它们时尽可能快地运行，那么您可能需要spec_helper.rb而不是rails_helper.rb使用它们。但这对于-r rails_helper您而言非常方便，.rspec而不是在每个spec文件中都需要一个助手或另一个助手，因此，这肯定是一种流行的方法。

如果您正在使用spring预加载器，则每个类仅需要加载一次，并且spring会急切地加载类，即使您只运行一个需要require的规范spec_helper，因此仅spec_helper在某些文件中没有太大价值。

来源：https : //www.relishapp.com/rspec/rspec-rails/docs/upgrade#default-helper-files

您始终可以将所有配置组合到spec_helper中，只需要int rails helper文件中的spec helper。

这绝不是“理想的”，因为在一天结束时，您是手动执行此“重构”的，但是如果它真的困扰您的话。只是知道这完全取决于您如何构建Rspec.configure

#rails_helper.rb

require 'spec_helper'

#EMPTY FILE

并在其中引入所有特定于Rails的设置

# spec_helper.rb

# This file is copied to spec/ when you run 'rails generate rspec:install'
require 'spec_helper'
ENV['RAILS_ENV'] ||= 'test'

require File.expand_path('../config/environment', __dir__)

# Prevent database truncation if the environment is production
abort("The Rails environment is running in production mode!") if Rails.env.production?
require 'rspec/rails'
# Add additional requires below this line. Rails is not loaded until this point!

# Requires supporting ruby files with custom matchers and macros, etc, in
# spec/support/ and its subdirectories. Files matching `spec/**/*_spec.rb` are
# run as spec files by default. This means that files in spec/support that end
# in _spec.rb will both be required and run as specs, causing the specs to be
# run twice. It is recommended that you do not name files matching this glob to
# end with _spec.rb. You can configure this pattern with the --pattern
# option on the command line or in ~/.rspec, .rspec or `.rspec-local`.
#
# The following line is provided for convenience purposes. It has the downside
# of increasing the boot-up time by auto-requiring all files in the support
# directory. Alternatively, in the individual `*_spec.rb` files, manually
# require only the support files necessary.
#
# Dir[Rails.root.join('spec', 'support', '**', '*.rb')].each { |f| require f }

# Checks for pending migrations and applies them before tests are run.
# If you are not using ActiveRecord, you can remove these lines.
begin
  ActiveRecord::Migration.maintain_test_schema!
rescue ActiveRecord::PendingMigrationError => e
  puts e.to_s.strip
  exit 1
end
RSpec.configure do |config|

... all our config.whatever_your_heart_desires