Answers:
使用std::greater的比较函数:
std::priority_queue<int, std::vector<int>, std::greater<int> > my_min_heap;operator<;)
                    vector和deque类,它们满足基础容器必须为priority_queue满足的要求。您还可以使用自定义容器类。您可以在cplusplus.com/reference/queue/priority_queue
                    一种方法是定义一个合适的比较器,以该比较器对普通优先级队列进行操作,以使其优先级反转:
 #include <iostream>  
 #include <queue>  
 using namespace std;  
 struct compare  
 {  
   bool operator()(const int& l, const int& r)  
   {  
       return l > r;  
   }  
 };  
 int main()  
 {  
     priority_queue<int,vector<int>, compare > pq;  
     pq.push(3);  
     pq.push(5);  
     pq.push(1);  
     pq.push(8);  
     while ( !pq.empty() )  
     {  
         cout << pq.top() << endl;  
         pq.pop();  
     }  
     cin.get();  
 }它将分别输出1、3、5、8。
此处提供了一些通过STL和Sedgewick的实现使用优先级队列的示例。
第三个模板参数priority_queue是比较器。将其设置为使用greater。
例如
std::priority_queue<int, std::vector<int>, std::greater<int> > max_queue;你需要#include <functional>的std::greater。
您可以通过多种方式做到这一点:
1. greater用作比较功能:
 #include <bits/stdc++.h>
using namespace std;
int main()
{
    priority_queue<int,vector<int>,greater<int> >pq;
    pq.push(1);
    pq.push(2);
    pq.push(3);
    while(!pq.empty())
    {
        int r = pq.top();
        pq.pop();
        cout<<r<< " ";
    }
    return 0;
}2.通过更改值的符号来插入值(对正数使用减号(-),对负数使用加号(+):
int main()
{
    priority_queue<int>pq2;
    pq2.push(-1); //for +1
    pq2.push(-2); //for +2
    pq2.push(-3); //for +3
    pq2.push(4);  //for -4
    while(!pq2.empty())
    {
        int r = pq2.top();
        pq2.pop();
        cout<<-r<<" ";
    }
    return 0;
}3.使用自定义结构或类:
struct compare
{
    bool operator()(const int & a, const int & b)
    {
        return a>b;
    }
};
int main()
{
    priority_queue<int,vector<int>,compare> pq;
    pq.push(1);
    pq.push(2);
    pq.push(3);
    while(!pq.empty())
    {
        int r = pq.top();
        pq.pop();
        cout<<r<<" ";
    }
    return 0;
}4.使用自定义结构或类,您可以按任何顺序使用priority_queue。假设我们要按照薪水从高到低的顺序对他们进行排序,如果平局,则根据他们的年龄对他们进行排序。
    struct people
    {
        int age,salary;
    };
    struct compare{
    bool operator()(const people & a, const people & b)
        {
            if(a.salary==b.salary)
            {
                return a.age>b.age;
            }
            else
            {
                return a.salary>b.salary;
            }
    }
    };
    int main()
    {
        priority_queue<people,vector<people>,compare> pq;
        people person1,person2,person3;
        person1.salary=100;
        person1.age = 50;
        person2.salary=80;
        person2.age = 40;
        person3.salary = 100;
        person3.age=40;
        pq.push(person1);
        pq.push(person2);
        pq.push(person3);
        while(!pq.empty())
        {
            people r = pq.top();
            pq.pop();
            cout<<r.salary<<" "<<r.age<<endl;
    }通过运算符重载可以获得相同的结果:
struct people
{
int age,salary;
bool operator< (const people & p)const
{
    if(salary==p.salary)
    {
        return age>p.age;
    }
    else
    {
        return salary>p.salary;
    }
}};主要功能:
priority_queue<people> pq;
people person1,person2,person3;
person1.salary=100;
person1.age = 50;
person2.salary=80;
person2.age = 40;
person3.salary = 100;
person3.age=40;
pq.push(person1);
pq.push(person2);
pq.push(person3);
while(!pq.empty())
{
    people r = pq.top();
    pq.pop();
    cout<<r.salary<<" "<<r.age<<endl;
}bool operator >  (const people & p)const  5)运算符重载吗?
                    <过载,最好过载>和使用greater<people>
                    解决此问题的一种方法是,将每个元素的负数推入priority_queue,以便最大的元素将变为最小的元素。在进行弹出操作时,取各元素的取反。
#include<bits/stdc++.h>
using namespace std;
int main(){
    priority_queue<int> pq;
    int i;
// push the negative of each element in priority_queue, so the largest number will become the smallest number
    for (int i = 0; i < 5; i++)
    {
        cin>>j;
        pq.push(j*-1);
    }
    for (int i = 0; i < 5; i++)
    {
        cout<<(-1)*pq.top()<<endl;
        pq.pop();
    }
}基于以上所有答案,我为如何创建优先级队列创建了示例代码。注意:它适用于C ++ 11和更高版本的编译器
#include <iostream>
#include <vector>
#include <iomanip>
#include <queue>
using namespace std;
// template for prirority Q
template<class T> using min_heap = priority_queue<T, std::vector<T>, std::greater<T>>;
template<class T> using max_heap = priority_queue<T, std::vector<T>>;
const int RANGE = 1000;
vector<int> get_sample_data(int size);
int main(){
  int n;
  cout << "Enter number of elements N = " ; cin >> n;
  vector<int> dataset = get_sample_data(n);
  max_heap<int> max_pq;
  min_heap<int> min_pq;
  // Push data to Priority Queue
  for(int i: dataset){
    max_pq.push(i);
    min_pq.push(i);
  }
  while(!max_pq.empty() && !min_pq.empty()){
    cout << setw(10) << min_pq.top()<< " | " << max_pq.top() << endl;
    min_pq.pop();
    max_pq.pop();
  }
}
vector<int> get_sample_data(int size){
  srand(time(NULL));
  vector<int> dataset;
  for(int i=0; i<size; i++){
    dataset.push_back(rand()%RANGE);
  }
  return dataset;
}以上代码的输出
Enter number of elements N = 4
        33 | 535
        49 | 411
       411 | 49
       535 | 33我们可以使用几种方法来做到这一点。
    int main() 
    {
      priority_queue<int, vector<int>, greater<int> > pq;
      pq.push(40);
      pq.push(320);
      pq.push(42);
      pq.push(65);
      pq.push(12);
      cout<<pq.top()<<endl;
      return 0;
    }     struct comp
     {
        bool operator () (int lhs, int rhs)
        {
           return lhs > rhs;
        }
     };
    int main()
    {
       priority_queue<int, vector<int>, comp> pq;
       pq.push(40);
       pq.push(320);
       pq.push(42);
       pq.push(65);
       pq.push(12);
       cout<<pq.top()<<endl;
       return 0;
    }
operator>,它将与一起使用std::greater。您也可以编写自己的函子,而不是随意编写std::greater。