如何在Swift中创建通用协议？

我想使用一种接受通用输入并返回通用值的方法来创建协议。

到目前为止，这是我尝试过的方法，但是会产生语法错误。

使用未声明的标识符T。

我究竟做错了什么？

protocol ApiMapperProtocol {
    func MapFromSource(T) -> U
}

class UserMapper: NSObject, ApiMapperProtocol {
    func MapFromSource(data: NSDictionary) -> UserModel {
        var user = UserModel() as UserModel
        var accountsData:NSArray = data["Accounts"] as NSArray     
        return user
    } 
}

协议略有不同。查看Apple文档中的“关联类型” 。

这就是您在示例中使用它的方式

protocol ApiMapperProtocol {
    associatedtype T
    associatedtype U
    func MapFromSource(_:T) -> U
}

class UserMapper: NSObject, ApiMapperProtocol {
    typealias T = NSDictionary
    typealias U = UserModel

    func MapFromSource(_ data:NSDictionary) -> UserModel {
        var user = UserModel()
        var accountsData:NSArray = data["Accounts"] as NSArray
        // For Swift 1.2, you need this line instead
        // var accountsData:NSArray = data["Accounts"] as! NSArray
        return user
    }
}

要在阐述娄佛朗哥的回答了一下，如果你想创建一个使用一个特定的方法ApiMapperProtocol，这样做正是如此：

protocol ApiMapperProtocol {
    associatedtype T
    associatedtype U
    func mapFromSource(T) -> U
}

class UserMapper: NSObject, ApiMapperProtocol {
    // these typealiases aren't required, but I'm including them for clarity
    // Normally, you just allow swift to infer them
    typealias T = NSDictionary 
    typealias U = UserModel

    func mapFromSource(data: NSDictionary) -> UserModel {
        var user = UserModel()
        var accountsData: NSArray = data["Accounts"] as NSArray
        // For Swift 1.2, you need this line instead
        // var accountsData: NSArray = data["Accounts"] as! NSArray
        return user
    }
}

class UsesApiMapperProtocol {
    func usesApiMapperProtocol<
        SourceType,
        MappedType,
        ApiMapperProtocolType: ApiMapperProtocol where
          ApiMapperProtocolType.T == SourceType,
          ApiMapperProtocolType.U == MappedType>(
          apiMapperProtocol: ApiMapperProtocolType, 
          source: SourceType) -> MappedType {
        return apiMapperProtocol.mapFromSource(source)
    }
}

UsesApiMapperProtocol现在保证只接受SourceType与给定兼容的ApiMapperProtocol：

let dictionary: NSDictionary = ...
let uses = UsesApiMapperProtocol()
let userModel: UserModel = uses.usesApiMapperProtocol(UserMapper()
    source: dictionary)

为了获得泛型并像这样声明，let userMapper: ApiMapperProtocol = UserMapper()您必须具有符合返回泛型元素的协议的泛型类。

protocol ApiMapperProtocol {
    associatedtype I
    associatedType O
    func MapFromSource(data: I) -> O
}

class ApiMapper<I, O>: ApiMapperProtocol {
    func MapFromSource(data: I) -> O {
        fatalError() // Should be always overridden by the class
    }
}

class UserMapper: NSObject, ApiMapper<NSDictionary, UserModel> {
    override func MapFromSource(data: NSDictionary) -> UserModel {
        var user = UserModel() as UserModel
        var accountsData:NSArray = data["Accounts"] as NSArray     
        return user
    } 
}

现在，您也可以将userMapper称为，ApiMapper它具有针对以下方面的特定实现UserMapper：

let userMapper: ApiMapper = UserMapper()
let userModel: UserModel = userMapper.MapFromSource(data: ...)

如何创建和使用通用协议

通用协议{

associatedtype T
associatedtype U

func operation(_ t:T)->U

}

//使用通用协议

struct Test：Generic {

typealias T = UserModel
typealias U = Any

func operation(_ t: UserModel)->Any {
    let dict = ["name":"saurabh"]
    return dict
    
} 

}

您可以使用带有类型擦除的模板方法...

protocol HeavyDelegate : class {
  func heavy<P, R>(heavy: Heavy<P, R>, shouldReturn: P) -> R
}  

class Heavy<P, R> {
    typealias Param = P
    typealias Return = R
    weak var delegate : HeavyDelegate?  
    func inject(p : P) -> R? {  
        if delegate != nil {
            return delegate?.heavy(self, shouldReturn: p)
        }  
        return nil  
    }
    func callMe(r : Return) {
    }
}
class Delegate : HeavyDelegate {
    typealias H = Heavy<(Int, String), String>

    func heavy<P, R>(heavy: Heavy<P, R>, shouldReturn: P) -> R {
        let h = heavy as! H
        h.callMe("Hello")
        print("Invoked")
        return "Hello" as! R
    }  
}

let heavy = Heavy<(Int, String), String>()
let delegate = Delegate()
heavy.delegate = delegate
heavy.inject((5, "alive"))