Answers:
没有内部MySQL命令可以跟踪此信息,它有点抽象。该文件可能位于5个(或更多?)位置,它们都有效,因为它们加载级联。
这些是MySQL查看的默认位置。如果发现不止一个,它将加载它们中的每一个,并且值相互覆盖(我认为按列出的顺序)。另外,该--defaults-file
参数可以覆盖整个内容,因此...基本上,这是一个巨大的难题。
但是,由于它是如此令人困惑,所以很有可能它就位于/etc/my.cnf中。
(如果您只想查看值:SHOW VARIABLES
,但需要权限才能这样做。)
/etc/init.d/mysqld restart
。
my.cnf
位于中/etc/mysql/my.cnf
。
mysql --help
,您会看到 Default options are read from the following files in the given order: /etc/my.cnf /etc/mysql/my.cnf /usr/local/etc/my.cnf ~/.my.cnf
etc/mysql/my.cnf
指向另一个符号链接/etc/alternatives/my.cnf
指向etc/mysql/mysql.cnf
。
ls /etc/my.cnf /etc/mysql/my.cnf /usr/local/etc/my.cnf ~/.my.cnf
实际上,您可以“请求” MySQL以获取在其中搜索my.cnf(或Windows上的my.ini)的所有位置的列表。它不是SQL查询。而是执行:
$ mysqladmin --help
或低于5.7:
$ mysqld --help --verbose
在第一行中,您会找到一条消息,其中包含要查找的所有my.cnf位置的列表。在我的机器上是:
Default options are read from the following files in the given order:
/etc/my.cnf
/etc/mysql/my.cnf
/usr/etc/my.cnf
~/.my.cnf
或者,在Windows上:
Default options are read from the following files in the given order:
C:\Windows\my.ini
C:\Windows\my.cnf
C:\my.ini
C:\my.cnf
C:\Program Files\MySQL\MySQL Server 5.5\my.ini
C:\Program Files\MySQL\MySQL Server 5.5\my.cnf
但是请注意,可能是在这些位置中的任何位置都没有my.cnf文件的情况。因此,您可以自己创建文件-使用MySQL发行版随附的示例配置文件之一(在Linux上-查看/usr/share/mysql/*.cnf
文件并使用适合您的文件-复制至该文件/etc/my.cnf
,然后根据需要进行修改)。
另外,请注意,还有一个命令行选项--defaults-file
可以定义my.cnf或my.ini文件的自定义路径。例如,在Windows上的MySQL 5.5就是这种情况-它指向数据目录中的my.ini文件,该文件通常不会以列出mysqld --help --verbose
。在Windows上-查看服务属性以了解是否适合您。
最后,检查https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/8.0/en/option-files.html-此处有更详细的描述。
Default options are read from the following files in the given order: /etc/mysql/my.cnf /etc/my.cnf ~/.my.cnf
-我希望前两个文件的顺序相反。
mysqld --help --verbose
与dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.5/en/option-files.html中的说明矛盾。根据我对5.6版的“最新信息”,网站上的信息是最正确和最相关的。help命令给出的文件位置优先级会产生误导,并会导致负面结果。
您总是可以在终端中运行find。
find / -name my.cnf
find / -name my.cnf
是最好的选择,但您也可以检查自己的主目录和/etc/mysql/my.conf。您还可以通过输入echo $MYSQL_HOME
终端来查看MYSQL_HOME是否已设置
~/.my.cnf
-注意文件名中的前导点。除非您是超级用户,否则在整个文件系统上运行查找通常会生成大量“权限被拒绝”错误。所以find命令应该是find / -name '*my.cnf' 2>/dev/null
。
您可以使用 :
locate my.cnf
whereis my.cnf
find . -name my.cnf
whereis
在这里不会工作;它搜索与命令相对应的位置,并且找不到任意文件。
这可能起作用:
strace mysql ";" 2>&1 | grep cnf
在我的机器上,输出:
stat64("/etc/my.cnf", 0xbf9faafc) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)
stat64("/etc/mysql/my.cnf", {st_mode=S_IFREG|0644, st_size=4271, ...}) = 0
open("/etc/mysql/my.cnf", O_RDONLY|O_LARGEFILE) = 3
read(3, "# /etc/mysql/my.cnf: The global "..., 4096) = 4096
stat64("/home/xxxxx/.my.cnf", 0xbf9faafc) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)
因此看起来/etc/mysql/my.cnf是stat64()和read()成功的一个。
mysql --help | grep /my.cnf | xargs ls
会告诉您my.cnf
Mac / Linux上的位置
ls: cannot access '/etc/my.cnf': No such file or directory
ls: cannot access '~/.my.cnf': No such file or directory
/etc/mysql/my.cnf
在这种情况下 /etc/mysql/my.cnf
ls: /etc/my.cnf: No such file or directory
ls: /etc/mysql/my.cnf: No such file or directory
ls: ~/.my.cnf: No such file or directory
/usr/local/etc/my.cnf
在这种情况下 /usr/local/etc/my.cnf
默认情况下,mysql首先在/ etc文件夹中搜索my.cnf。如果此文件夹中没有/etc/my.cnf文件,我建议您按照文档中的说明在此文件夹中创建一个新文件(https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.6/en/option -files.html)。
您也可以搜索mysql安装提供的现有my.cnf。您可以启动以下命令
sudo find / -name "*.cnf"
您可以将以下配置文件与myisam表一起使用,而无需innodb mysql支持(通过在Mac OS X Maverick上安装mysql的端口)。请验证此配置文件中的每个命令。
# Example MySQL config file for large systems.
#
# This is for a large system with memory = 512M where the system runs mainly
# MySQL.
#
# MySQL programs look for option files in a set of
# locations which depend on the deployment platform.
# You can copy this option file to one of those
# locations. For information about these locations, see:
# http://dev.mysql.com/doc/mysql/en/option-files.html
#
# In this file, you can use all long options that a program supports.
# If you want to know which options a program supports, run the program
# with the "--help" option.
# The following options will be passed to all MySQL clients
[client]
#password = your_password
port = 3306
socket = /opt/local/var/run/mysql5/mysqld.sock
# Here follows entries for some specific programs
# The MySQL server
[mysqld]
port = 3306
socket = /opt/local/var/run/mysql5/mysqld.sock
skip-locking
key_buffer_size = 256M
max_allowed_packet = 1M
table_open_cache = 256
sort_buffer_size = 1M
read_buffer_size = 1M
read_rnd_buffer_size = 4M
myisam_sort_buffer_size = 64M
thread_cache_size = 8
query_cache_size= 16M
# Try number of CPU's*2 for thread_concurrency
thread_concurrency = 8
# Don't listen on a TCP/IP port at all. This can be a security enhancement,
# if all processes that need to connect to mysqld run on the same host.
# All interaction with mysqld must be made via Unix sockets or named pipes.
# Note that using this option without enabling named pipes on Windows
# (via the "enable-named-pipe" option) will render mysqld useless!
#
#skip-networking
# Replication Master Server (default)
# binary logging is required for replication
log-bin=mysql-bin
# binary logging format - mixed recommended
binlog_format=mixed
# required unique id between 1 and 2^32 - 1
# defaults to 1 if master-host is not set
# but will not function as a master if omitted
server-id = 1
# Replication Slave (comment out master section to use this)
#
# To configure this host as a replication slave, you can choose between
# two methods :
#
# 1) Use the CHANGE MASTER TO command (fully described in our manual) -
# the syntax is:
#
# CHANGE MASTER TO MASTER_HOST=<host>, MASTER_PORT=<port>,
# MASTER_USER=<user>, MASTER_PASSWORD=<password> ;
#
# where you replace <host>, <user>, <password> by quoted strings and
# <port> by the master's port number (3306 by default).
#
# Example:
#
# CHANGE MASTER TO MASTER_HOST='125.564.12.1', MASTER_PORT=3306,
# MASTER_USER='joe', MASTER_PASSWORD='secret';
#
# OR
#
# 2) Set the variables below. However, in case you choose this method, then
# start replication for the first time (even unsuccessfully, for example
# if you mistyped the password in master-password and the slave fails to
# connect), the slave will create a master.info file, and any later
# change in this file to the variables' values below will be ignored and
# overridden by the content of the master.info file, unless you shutdown
# the slave server, delete master.info and restart the slaver server.
# For that reason, you may want to leave the lines below untouched
# (commented) and instead use CHANGE MASTER TO (see above)
#
# required unique id between 2 and 2^32 - 1
# (and different from the master)
# defaults to 2 if master-host is set
# but will not function as a slave if omitted
#server-id = 2
#
# The replication master for this slave - required
#master-host = <hostname>
#
# The username the slave will use for authentication when connecting
# to the master - required
#master-user = <username>
#
# The password the slave will authenticate with when connecting to
# the master - required
#master-password = <password>
#
# The port the master is listening on.
# optional - defaults to 3306
#master-port = <port>
#
# binary logging - not required for slaves, but recommended
#log-bin=mysql-bin
# Uncomment the following if you are using InnoDB tables
#innodb_data_home_dir = /opt/local/var/db/mysql5
#innodb_data_file_path = ibdata1:10M:autoextend
#innodb_log_group_home_dir = /opt/local/var/db/mysql5
# You can set .._buffer_pool_size up to 50 - 80 %
# of RAM but beware of setting memory usage too high
#innodb_buffer_pool_size = 256M
#innodb_additional_mem_pool_size = 20M
# Set .._log_file_size to 25 % of buffer pool size
#innodb_log_file_size = 64M
#innodb_log_buffer_size = 8M
#innodb_flush_log_at_trx_commit = 1
#innodb_lock_wait_timeout = 50
[mysqldump]
quick
max_allowed_packet = 16M
[mysql]
no-auto-rehash
# Remove the next comment character if you are not familiar with SQL
#safe-updates
[myisamchk]
key_buffer_size = 128M
sort_buffer_size = 128M
read_buffer = 2M
write_buffer = 2M
[mysqlhotcopy]
interactive-timeout
正如konyak所指出的那样,您可以my.cnf
通过运行获得mysql将在您的文件中寻找位置的列表mysqladmin --help
。由于这很冗长,您可以使用以下方法快速进入您关心的部分:
$ mysqladmin --help | grep -A1 'Default options'
这将为您提供类似于以下内容的输出:
Default options are read from the following files in the given order:
/etc/my.cnf /etc/mysql/my.cnf /usr/local/etc/my.cnf ~/.my.cnf
根据您安装mysql的方式,这些文件可能还不存在。您可以使用cat
它们来查看配置的构建方式,并my.cnf
根据需要在自己的首选位置创建自己的配置。
对于Ubuntu 16:/etc/mysql/mysql.conf.d/mysqld.cnf
For Ubuntu 16: /etc/mysql/mysql.conf.d/mysqld.cnf
尝试跑步 mysqld --help --verbose | grep my.cnf | tr " " "\n"
输出将类似于
/etc/my.cnf
/etc/mysql/my.cnf
/usr/local/etc/my.cnf
~/.my.cnf
我apache, php and mysql
在ubuntu中安装了xampp bundle 。该my.cnf
文件位于/opt/lampp/etc/
文件夹中。希望对别人有帮助。
请注意,尽管mariadDB从此处的其他答案中列出的各种my.cnf文件中加载配置详细信息,但它也可以从其他名称不同的文件中加载配置详细信息。
这意味着,如果对my.cnf文件之一进行更改,则该更改可能会被另一个不同名称的文件覆盖。为了使更改生效,您需要在正确的(最后加载的)配置文件中进行更改-或者也许在所有配置文件中进行更改。
那么,如何找到所有可能已加载的配置文件?代替寻找my.cnf文件,尝试运行:
grep -r datadir /etc/mysql/
这将找到提及datadir的所有位置。就我而言,它会产生以下答案:
/etc/mysql/mariadb.conf.d/50-server.cnf:datadir = /var/lib/mysql
当我编辑该文件(/etc/mysql/mariadb.conf.d/50-server.cnf)以更改datadir的值时,它可以工作,而在my.cnf中则不能。因此,无论您要更改什么选项,都可以尝试以这种方式查找。
这取决于您的访问权限,但对我来说,此工作在phpmyadmin sql控制台上
显示变量;
然后在更改一些变量后,您可以做
SET GLOBAL max_connections = 1000;
要么
SET @@ GLOBAL.max_connections = 1000;
试一下
locate my.cnf
查找所有此类文件名在哪里